History and Sociology

El año 1968 fue de capital importancia, en los países capitalistas del orbe.  Como nunca antes y constituyéndose en catapulta para el cambio social del futuro inmediato y mediato, universitarios y trabajadores se unieron para dar un mentís a las instituciones del mundo.  Prohibido prohibir: el lema sintetiza la esencia del movimiento, todavía en etapa contestataria, que hoy en día vemos florecer.  México no fue la excepción:  toda una generación -la del 68- aun hoy continúa impulsando las grandes transformaciones nacionales.  En 1970, dos años despues de la conclusión de la fase proactiva y visible del movimiento, ¿cómo piensa un estudiante de los primeros semestres de la licenciatura en sociología, en una universidad también inflamada con los valores y motivaciones de esta gran energía social?  Con retrospectiva histórico-social, el material que aqui se presenta, es una fuente original de información al respecto.

The article focuses on a case-study of a scientific dialogue (or lack of it) between the Marxist sociologist Henri H. Stahl and Romanian historians. The first section of the study, A failed dialogue, examines the various rhetorical strategies used by Henri H. Stahl when addressing an audience of historians. Stahl's increasingly irritated tone, triggered by what he perceived to be his marginalization by professional historians, seems only partially justified. The reception of Stahl's studies of historical sociology was heterogeneous, but despite some positive reviews his contributions remained rather overlooked in the field of historiography. The second section of the article, The taxonomy of Romanian historiography, looks at the historians through the lenses of Stahl's scientific references and late life interviews. Apart from Iorga, to whom Stahl was emotionally and intellectually attached, the sociologist classified Romanian historians in four categories: (1) respected, but out dated; (2) meticulous, but rather thick; (3) pseudo-socialising and dangerous; (4) useful and trans-disciplinary. In the end, Stahl's growing frustration with Romanian historiography seems to be best explained by his failure to initiate a methodological revolution in the field.

Bien que timidement abordée dans certains travaux universitaires, la « love migration » ou « migration d’amour » des migrants italiens « ensablés » en Abyssinie n’a jamais été étudiée ou explorée dans sa complexe diversité en lien avec l’agir migrant. Les trois principaux songes coloniaux reposaient sur es espoirs de liberté, d’enrichissement et d’assouvissement de phantasmes exotiques. Aussi, cette colonisation hâtive et brève (1936-1941) a engendré un nombre considérable d’espoirs tant pour les engagés volontaires que pour es appelés du contingent. Cet article analyse les différents visages de cette
migration italienne qui seront abordés sous l’angle d’un projet migratoire
en rapport étroit avec les destins maritaux, affectifs ou sexuels des ensablés n Éthiopie après la perte de l’Empire d’Afrique orientale (Impero dell’Africa Orientale Italiana).

This book presents Ibn Khaldūn's anticipatory sociology of civilizations and power. Half a millennium before the birth of modern sociology in the West, Ibn Khaldūn-scholar, political counsellor, and Malikite judge-wrote a revolutionary sociological-philosophical treatise, the Muqaddima. This book places his broad, complex, and refined treatise against the background of the Islamo-Greek culture of his time and analyses its main sociological, but also philosophical, historical, and scientific perspectives. Finally, thanks to its "universalisable" core, the author recontextualizes the teachings from the Muqaddima to reveal the deep insights it provides into the society, politics and law of contemporary liberal and multicultural civilizations. A deeper reception of Ibn Khaldūn's perspective is not only important in understanding the Arab contribution to social theory, social history and philosophy, but also diversifies the sociological project beyond the Euro-American standpoint. Given its interdisciplinary appeal, the book addresses a wide readership of students and scholars in sociology, the sociology of law, philosophy of law, philosophy of history, political philosophy, history of civilizations, political sociology, and Arabic studies.

This contribution seeks to approach the history of sociology at the university and in the town of Göttingen beyond remembering merely local anecdotes. The deve­lop­ment of sociology in Göttingen is analysed in the context of the scientific history of sociology in Germany. The methodological approach for this analysis is the his­to­rio­graphic conceptualisation of sociological (thought) schools. Against this back­ground the development of sociology in Göttingen can be characterised as a ›histo­ri­cal special path‹ (Sonderweg) in the history of German sociology marked by its late founding and scientific establishment. In Göttingen, phenomenology met empirical social research in the former feudal riding stables in the 1950s and led to analyses in the fields of sociology of (industrial) work, of scientific knowledge, and of urban sociology during the 1960s to 1980s.
Der Beitrag entwickelt jenseits von bloß anekdotischen und lokalgeschichtlichen Ver­gegenwärtigungen einen Zugang zur Geschichte der Göttinger Soziologie. Er stellt die Entwicklung der Göttinger Soziologie in den Kontext einer Wissen­schafts­ge­schichte der deutschen Soziologie. Einen methodologischen Ansatzpunkt hierfür bieten zeitgenössische historiographische Konzeptualisierungen soziolo­gi­scher (Denk-)Schulen. Die Entwicklung der Göttinger Soziologie lässt sich vor diesem Hin­tergrund als ein historischer Sonderweg in der Geschichte der deut­schen So­zio­lo­gie charakterisieren, der durch eine nachholende Gründung und Ver­wis­sen­schaft­lichung gekennzeichnet bleibt.

Depuis bientôt quatre décennies, les recherches de l'historien américain William H. Sewell Jr. tentent de tisser un dialogue entre l'histoire et les autres sciences sociales, au premier rang desquelles la sociologie et l'anthropologie. Deux séquences peuvent être distinguées dans son travail théorique. En réponse aux paradigmes nord-américains alors dominants, Sewell a d'abord investi, au début des années 1990, la question des temporalités et notamment la catégorie analytique de l'événement. Mais depuis une dizaine d'années, les recherches de Sewell revisitent le capitalisme comme un phénomène qui induit et qui génère des temporalités spécifiques. L'article ici traduit s'inscrit dans ce cadre. Le capitalisme est envisagé en ce qu'il possède une unité qui, malgré ses transformations et changements réguliers, permet de le considérer comme une époque en tant quel.

Der Band bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Entwicklung der Soziologie in Göttingen von ihren Anfängen in der Frühphase der Weimarer Republik über die Etablierung des Faches in den 1950er Jahren bis in die Gegenwart. Die Bandbreite seiner Beiträge reicht von autobiographischen und zeitgeschichtlichen Vergegenwärtigungen bis zu wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Rekonstruktionen. Protagonisten der Göttinger Soziologie wie Alfred von Martin, Helmuth Plessner oder Hans Paul Bahrdt werden in ihrem wissenschaftlichen und intellektuellen Wirken porträtiert. Die Besonderheiten bedeutender Arbeitsfelder der Göttinger Soziologie wie etwa Stadt- und Industriesoziologie werden diskutiert und mit Blick auf die Entwicklungen der deutschsprachigen wie auch der internationalen Soziologie kontextualisiert.

Despite many promising recent advances, much of the public—and scholarly—debate about contemporary Russia remains dominated by three tendencies: an excessive focus on the political system and its elites, the use of a conceptual apparatus originally developed to make sense of Stalinism, and a view of Russia as unique and abnormal, informed by a time-honored tradition of selective international comparison.

The aim of this Berlin Colloquium was to develop new approaches to understanding the transformation of Russian society in recent decades that would eschew these tendencies. To this purpose we brought together a small group of about twenty scholars: sociologists (as well as geographers and anthropologists) studying contemporary Russia and historians whose work spans the final decades of the USSR and the post-Soviet period. Together we experimented with new analytical concepts that might replace traditional, normatively charged terms such as “homo sovieticus,” “post-socialism,” “apathy” or “atomization,” “modernization” and “traditionalism.” We took 1980 as our symbolic start date—the year that marked the end of the 1970s oil boom and mass participation of Russian conscripts in the Afghan war, joining the mostly Central Asian soldiers deployed there since 1979. This began an almost uninterrupted series of military engagements that have had profound implications for Russian society.

Political analysis, history and plurality of historicity models. Elements of a reflexive epistemology. The article reviews the contributions of the “historical crossroads of political science” (Y. Déloye) in France, based on the models of underlying historicity, across the review of eighteen works published in the course of the last fifteen years. First, the results of socio-history and historical sociology are outlined and evaluated and then they are confronted with the approach defended by Y. Schemeil. The linear - evolutionary model associated with the genetic procedure in the light of the works of M. Bloch, M. Foucault and M. Dobry is examined. The article concludes with an outline of a pluralist extension of the models of historicity, relying both on W. Benjamin’s philosophy and on the works of E. P. Thompson, A. O. Hirschman and J.-C. Kaufmann. The epistemological frame used is that of theoretical pluralism without relativism as defended by J.-C. Passeron.