Health and Social Care

Conveying Health Care in America, Seventh Edition is the most current and extensive outline of the essential structures and activities of the U.S. wellbeing framework from its verifiable birthplaces and assets, to its individual administrations, cost, and quality. Utilizing a novel "frameworks" approach, the content unites an uncommon broadness of data into an exceptionally open, simple to peruse asset that explains the complexities of medical services association and account while introducing a strong diagram of how the different segments fit together.

With refreshed information and figures all through, the new seventh release is an exhaustive update that features numerous new patterns in medical services; analyzes current difficulties in cost, access, and quality; and investigates the tradition of Obamacare and the fate of medical services change considering the new administration.

It means that as a senior carer I am accountable and responsible for the care of the individuals within my working environment. The manager understands that I am to protect vulnerable persons from abuse/neglect and actively report any malicious intent, the person causing damage must refrain from doing so immediately, and a report filed if necessary with the appropriate authorities. I must record data accurately to ensure continuity of care between professionals and accepted personnel within Heath Cottage at all times. I must co-operate and contact any outside agencies as requested/required to care for the health of the vulnerable person within my care. I am completely responsible for any ill-health/harm or injury.

Theorizing a sociology of emotion that links micro-level resources to macro-level forces, this article extends previous work on emotional capital in relation to emotional experiences and management. Emerging from Bourdieu's theory of social practice, emotional capital is a form of cultural capital that includes the emotion-specific, trans-situational resources that individuals activate and embody in distinct fields. Contrary to prior conceptualizations, I argue that emotional capital is neither wholly gender-neutral nor exclusively feminine. Men may lay claim to emotional capital as a valued resource within particular fields. The concept of emotional capital should be seen as distinct from emotion management and felt emotional experience and distinctions between primary and secondary sources of capital clarify the simultaneously durable and evolving nature of capital and the habitus. To illustrate these conceptual refinements, I use interview and diary data from male nurses. Men bring primary emotional capital, developed during primary socialization, to the nursing profession while also developing secondary capital through occupational socialization centered on empathy and compassion. The construct of emotional capital is refined as a structured yet dynamic resource developed through primary and secondary socialization and activated and embodied in everyday emotion practice.

People abused by angry discipline as children, may tend to abuse or overly punish other people or themselves for perceived wrongs in their adult life. In some individuals, aggressive personality traits may be genetically inherited. The aggressive personality may feel weakened by having guidelines or boundaries for anger. Anger is a normal human emotion, and these guidelines can help express anger in a healthy way.

Birch View is a residential care home in Wales. It caters for older people, lots of whom have dementia. Many of the individuals living in Birch View speak Welsh and the home tries to employ care and support workers who speak both Welsh and English.

Birch View aims to treat all individuals living in the home with dignity and respect and provide services that help them achieve their personal outcomes and what matters to them, for example knowing what time they like to get up and go to bed, when they like to eat their meals and the type of food that they enjoy, what their hobbies and interests are and how they would like to stay in touch with family and friends. The home is welcoming and has lots of different activities such as:

• An art club

• Singing for pleasure
• Film and book clubs
• A gardening group
• Keep fit sessions e.g. chair-based exercises

The home has an activities co-ordinator who organises the clubs and groups, she is always keen to hear from the individuals living at Birch View about their interests or what they would like to try. The activities co-ordinator has resources for the clubs and groups including computer tablets that can be used to watch films for the film club.

Birch View involves the local community in the home including:

• Visits from school children
• Weekly hairdresser
• Monthly visiting Chapel Service
• Visits from people with their pets
• Visits to events in the local town

David has recently moved into Birch View, he is 88 years old and speaks Welsh as his first language. David has been diagnosed with dementia. Until recently, David lived at home with his wife Gwen who is 85 years old. He was supported by Gwen, health and social care services and their son and daughter who both live locally, have families of their own and work full time.

David has become more confused recently, he is becoming muddled between night and day and Gwen has found him wandering outside in the middle of the night. He is struggling to access the bathroom in the house, is having difficulties with continence and has had a number of falls; after the last fall he was admitted to hospital where he was treated for minor injuries. Before he was discharged from hospital, an assessment was completed with David, Gwen, their son and daughter by social services and health professionals. This included a mental capacity and best-interest assessment.
It was agreed that it was in David’s best interest for him to move into a residential care home as it was no longer safe for him to stay at home. Gwen, their children and grandchildren visit him regularly.


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David has been given a walking frame to use at Birch View but forgets to use it. Since moving into Birch View, he has become more unstable, he has fallen twice and struggles to get in and out of bed. The care and support workers have reported that he seems agitated and confused, is not sleeping well, is trying to get out of bed in the night and has little appetite.

David’s family and the care and support workers are worried that he is not settling in and is struggling more with his mobility.

Nicole is one of the care and support workers at Birch View, she has noticed that David tends to be more confused in the mornings but is clearer in the afternoons. This information has been recorded in his personal plan to support his communication.

Nicole is working with David and his family to find out more about his interests and background. Gwen tells her that before he became unwell, he was very active, walking the dog daily and gardening. She says that he loved growing vegetables and had been a vegetarian for the past 30 years. He was a history teacher and used to belong to the local history club at the library, he loved reading and enjoyed watching old war films. He spent a lot of time with the grandchildren as they were growing up, spending time with them in the garden, planting seeds and growing plants in their own little plots on his vegetable patch.
Nicole explains to Gwen that even though David’s personal plan says that he is a vegetarian, he has been choosing the meat option from the lunch time menu and then not eating it. The care and support workers are offering David vegetarian food options but he is refusing these. Nicole asks Gwen for some ideas of the type of food that David enjoyed when he was living at home as she is worried that he is not eating enough and this may be affecting him.

Nicole arranges for David to meet the activities co-ordinator in the afternoon when he is less confused and more able to express what he wants. Having spoken to Gwen and David, she thinks that he may enjoy the gardening group and film club and wonders whether they could arrange for one of his favourite war films to be shown to get him interested.

Describe one method used by Birch View to meet David’s communication needs.

The decline in David’s mobility has the potential to impact upon his well-being. a. State two potential impacts of this on his physical well-being.

State two potential impacts on his mental well-being

Explain how the principles of the Mental Capacity Act have been applied in supporting
David’s health and well-being.

Little attention has been paid to mental health knowledge based of populace in Sierra Leone. The effect of trauma, personal exposures to Ebola virus disease (EVD) and culture myths how it impacts to mental health knowledge/ behaviours in Sierra Leone, West Africa. This study was done to test the awareness and knowledge base of mental health and culture perceptions in Sierra Leone. Content pages

This paper explores the complexities and contradictions of frontline practice that pose problems for personalised social care through enhanced choice. It draws on semi-structured interviews with community care workers, social workers, occupational therapists and care managers in a social service department. Practitioners interviewed were asked about their current assessment and documentation system, including the assessment documents currently used; how they approached information gathering and the topics they explored with service users; and their experience of documenting assessment and care management. The paper argues that the validity and sustainability of personalised social care in frontline practice relies on developing a thorough understanding of the complex and implicit assessment processes operating at the service user/practitioner interface and the inevitable tensions that arise for practitioners associated with the organisational context and broader service environment. The findings demonstrate the variability among practitioners in how they collect information and more importantly, the critical role practitioners occupy in determining the kinds of topics to be explored during the assessment process. In so doing, it shows how practitioners can exert control over the decision-making process. More importantly, it provides some insight into how such processes are shaped by the constraints of the organisational context and broader service environment. Complexities and contradictions may be an inherent part of frontline practice. The issues discussed in this paper, however, highlight potential areas that might be targeted in conjunction with implementing personalised social care through enhanced choice for people with disabilities.

Organised by postgraduates, for postgraduates, this seminar series explores the importance of an interdisciplinary outlook in academic research. It provides an opportunity for students to explore how crossing disciplinary boundaries and considering the significance of different theories and methodologies outside of their academic field may open up new doors in their research.

ÖZ Ülkemiz kamu sektörünün en önemli organizasyonlarından biri olan Sağlık Bakanlığı'nda da son yıllarda yeniden yapılanma çalışmaları gündeme gelmektedir. En son 15 08 2017 tarih ve 694 sayılı kanun hükmünde kararname ile yeniden yapılandırılan Sağlık Bakanlığı teşkilat yapısında önemli ve köklü değişiklikler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada yeniden yapılandırılan Sağlık Bakanlığı'nda tüm örgütler için son derece önemli bir konu olan örgütsel bağlılığın analizinin yapılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada Bartın Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Merkezi evreninde gerçekleştirilen örgütsel bağlılık anketinden elde edilen bulgulara yer verilmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen anket uygulaması sonucunda ağız ve diş sağlığı merkezinde görev yapan kamu çalışanlarında örgütsel bağlılık, duygusal bağlılıkta 3,46, devam bağlılığında 3,38, normatif bağlılıkta ise 3,31 seviyesinde gerçekleşmektedir.
The Ministry of Health, which is one of the most important organizations of our country's public sector, has been in the process of restructuring efforts in recent years. Major and radical changes have been made in the structure of the Ministry of Health which was restructured with the decree of the last law dated 15 08 2017 and numbered 694. In this study, it is aimed to analyze organizational commitment, which is an extremely important issue for all organizations in the restructured Ministry of Health. For this purpose, in this article the findings obtained from the organizational commitment questionnaire conducted in BartınCenter of Dentistry and Dental Health are included to analyze. As a result of the survey, organizational commitment was 3.46 in the subscale of emotional attachment, 3.38 in the dimension of continuing attachment, and 3.31 in normative attachment dimension in the public employees working at Oral and Dental Health Center.

Care is a social necessity for life. Ensuring access to appropriate care at crucial points in the life course became a political necessity soon after the mid-20th century, as the right to suitable care became recognized as a fundamental entitlement of citizenship in most advanced capitalist economies. Over recent decades there has been a shift away from more traditional welfare state forms of public services towards increasingly marketized systems of provision. Changes in the provision of care in the public domain are associated with an increasing reliance on private capital and competition between a variety of providers, with public agencies competing alongside private for-profit and not-for-profit agencies. Drawing on care theory, historical sociology and political economic analysis, this article examines the conflicting tensions that shape aged care under marketization. Using Australia as a case study, it is argued that as private capital and resources take the place of scarce public resources and enable expenditure cuts to be presented as innovation, better services and more 'consumer choice', it is not the market but the finance, regulation and management work of the state that is the essential determinant of the assistance previously provided through non-market processes.

This article presents a new avenue for healthcare risk managers to drive improvement for patients and healthcare organizations alike: working to reduce avoidable patient suffering. It briefly describes the problem of patient suffering, differentiates between avoidable and unavoidable suffering, and suggests that common risk management tools can be used to tackle the problem. It also highlights a success story from one large health system.

The fact that internet companies may record our personal data and track our online behavior for commercial or political purpose has emphasized aspects related to online privacy. This has also led to the development of search engines that promise no tracking and privacy. Search engines also have a major role in spreading low-quality health information such as that of anti-vaccine websites. This study investigates the relationship between search engines' approach to privacy and the scientific quality of the information they return. We analyzed the first 30 webpages returned searching 'vaccines autism' in English, Spanish, Italian and French. The results show that alternative search engines (Duckduckgo, Ecosia, Qwant, Swisscows and Mojeek) may return more anti-vaccine pages (10 to 53 percent) than this http URL (zero). Some localized versions of Google, however, returned more anti-vaccine webpages (up to 10 percent) than this http URL. Our study suggests that designing a se...

Researchers and policymakers are moving towards a model defined as people-powered health — where care is discussed as transforming from a top-down service to a network of coordinated actors. At the same time, for large numbers of people, to self-organize around their own healthcare needs is not a matter of predilection, but increasingly one of necessity. Piracy and Care are not always immediately relatable notions. Yet, bringing the idea of a pirate ethics into resonance with contemporary modes of care invites a different consideration for practices that propose a paradigm change and therefore inevitably position themselves in tricky positions vis-à-vis the law and the status quo.

Si dice Budget di salute o Budget di cura? Ha risolto il dubbio la L. 77/2020 che lo ha chiamato "budget di salute individuale e di comunità". Per la verità, la citata legge nel mentre risolveva un quesito ne poneva immediatamente un altro: esistono due budget di salute, uno individuale ed uno di comunità? Meglio non approfondire e concentrarci sul budget di salute individuale. L'unica norma di legge in cui si parla esplicitamente di budget di salute è dunque il comma 4 bis dell'art. Art. 1 del D.L. 34/2020 convertito in L. 77/2020. Il comma 4 bis fa riferimento alla sperimentazione delle "Strutture di prossimità per la promozione della salute e per la prevenzione" che, è bene dirlo subito, non sono le Case della Comunità. Sono strutture ulteriori che le regioni dovrebbero sperimentare per un tempo relativamente breve per la presa in carico e la riabilitazione delle categorie di persone più fragili. Recentemente sono state approvate anche delle linee guida per la realizzazione delle "strutture di prossimità" da sperimentare. Questa premessa per dire che i progetti regionali relativi alla sperimentazione delle "strutture di prossimità" devono prevedere modalità di intervento che riducano le scelte di istituzionalizzazione dei soggetti fragili, favoriscano la domiciliarità e consentano la valutazione dei risultati ottenuti, anche attraverso il ricorso a strumenti innovativi quale il budget di salute individuale e di comunità. Ci sono poi altre norme, la principale delle quali è la legge n. 227/2021, la legge Delega al Governo in materia di disabilità, in cui si prevede, per esempio, che nel progetto di vita personalizzato venga indicato l'insieme delle risorse umane, professionali, tecnologiche, strumentali ed economiche, pubbliche e private, attivabili anche in seno alla comunità territoriale e al sistema dei supporti informali, ma in cui non si parla esplicitamente di Budget di salute anche se gli assomiglia molto. Così come ci sono una serie di altre norme (Fondo per le non autosufficienze, Progetti per la Vita indipendente, e Legge 112/2016 sul "Dopo di noi") che fanno presumibilmente riferimento allo stesso concetto ma che viene chiamato con termini diversi (budget di cura, budget personalizzato, ecc.). Va ricordato infine che è attualmente all'esame della XII Commissione affari sociali della Camera dei Deputati la proposta di legge A.C. 1752, recante norme relative all'Introduzione sperimentale del metodo del budget di salute per la realizzazione di progetti terapeutici riabilitativi individualizzati ma che non ha ancora concluso il suo iter parlamentare.

Summary Background Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at...

Purpose: Community Health Centres (CHCs) are an essential component of primary health care (PHC) in Canada. This article examines health providers’ understandings and experiences regarding stigma toward mental health and substance use (MHSU) issues, as well as their ideas for an effective intervention to address stigma and discrimination, in three CHCs in Toronto, Ontario.
Methods: Using a phenomenological approach, we conducted twenty-three interviews with senior staff members and peer workers, and three focus groups with front-line health providers. A hybrid approach to thematic analysis was employed, entailing a combination of emergent and a priori coding.
Results: The findings indicate that PHC settings are sites where multiple forms of stigma create health service barriers. Stigma and discrimination associated with MHSU also cohere around intersecting experiences of gender, race, class, age and other issues including the degree and visibility of distress. Clients may find social norms to be alienating, including behavioural expectations in Canadian PHC settings.
Conclusions: Given the turmoil in clients’ lives, systematic efforts to mitigate stigma were inhibited by myriad proximate factors that demanded urgent response. Health providers were enthusiastic about implementing anti-stigma/recovery-based approaches that could be integrated into current CHC services. Their recommendations for interventions centred around communication and education, such as training, CHC-wide meetings, and anti-stigma campaigns in surrounding communities.

Shared decision-making and person centred care (PCC/SDM) are increasingly embraced framework conceptions on how to organise health care's interaction with patients. Although underlying ethical motivation may vary, PCC/SDM holds ideals of a greater adaption of health care to individual circumstances, and of recognising patients as collaborators in clinical decision-making. The PCC/SDM notion has migrated quickly across many areas where it is less clear how it applies, due to patients being in non-standard conditions with regard to personal capacities or care context, and detected to offer a number of peculiar ethical and practical challenges. But the migration has also reached areas with even less similarity to the original PCC/SDM landscape of somatic hospital care. In this presentation, we describe – based on comissioned and work in a Swedish context and ongoing research studies – three examples of this expansion and survey these for extra ethical complications: forensic care, social services and public health (outside of health care institutions). Each area offers peculiar extra ethical challenges for PCC/SDM, as they depart extensively from standard assumptions by, in various ways, embracing goals not built on the standard individualist assumptions of health care ethics. It is possible to implement adapted forms of PCC/SDM to these areas, but these cannot be assumed to serve ideals of emancipating, empowering or recognising individuals as persons. Rather, they have to be viewed though a lens of public goods aimed for in the respective areas. Clients and patients are entitled to be made aware of this fact, but regardless of this, the mentioned perspective-shift will pose particular challenges for health professionals. At the same time, PCC/SDM strategies may also open up for approaches to resolving these tensions and meet typical challenges that would otherwise have remained out of reach.

In the context of current and expected demographic changes, the issues of which services the welfare state should offer and, ultimately, the very function of the welfare state are currently debated in Norway. The political discourse on health and care services for older adults has morphed into an accepted reality in which the system must be altered, prompting policy makers and stakeholders to find new and novel solutions to problems associated with population ageing. In this paper, we discuss one such proposed solution: the transformation of health and care services for the older adult population through the increased involvement of volunteers. We ask how volunteer efforts are articulated and delineated through official accounts and discuss the implications of such an articulation and delineation. We seek answers to these questions through a critical discourse analysis of recent governmental white papers. We investigate, in other words, volunteer efforts as a political instrument. W...

The majority of people (70–80%) when asked where they would prefer to die say they want to die in the comfort and intimacy of their own homes (Gomes et al., 2013; Palliative Care Australia, 2011). However, only 16–20% of people manage to fulfil this wish. This report documents Stages 2–4 of the Caring at End of Life Study, which identified the end-of-life care arrangements that allowed 20% of terminally ill people to be cared for at home. We wanted to know how ordinary people supported each other to care for someone dying at home, how their wider community supported the carer, what formal support was available to carers and how those formal and informal networks interacted with each other. Over 200 primary carers, and members of formal and informal caring networks contributed to the study. They participated in individual carer interviews and focus groups in eight urban and regional locations. We used participatory visual methods, such as photo/voice and network mapping, to capture collaborative caring stories and illuminate the space of the possible found within communities undertaking end of life care. Findings from Stage 1 show that formal providers are supportive of the informal networks’ role in the care of the dying at home.1 However, formal service providers do little to establish, support, or maintain the informal networks although there is much goodwill and scope for them to do so. We identified several barriers to formal and informal networks working together more effectively. In particular, we found that the Australian policy of health promoting palliative care (HPPC) is not substantially translating to practice, and there is potential for a stronger and more proactive reorientation towards HPPC and a community capacity building approach. Overall findings: We found that the dying person and their caring networks exist within a complex web of social-environmental relationships where the knowledge, skills, values, attitudes and beliefs of network members are influenced by the following factors: existing relationships with people and place; formal and informal organisations and groups to which they already belong; the nature of the communities in which they live; social norms and expectations of the groups and cultures with which they identify; experiences and knowledge of health services and other social support organisations (see also Huang, 2014). While this web of pre-existing relationships affects a network’s ability to come together in the first place we also found that this was a two way street. Members of networks who cared were affected by their caring individually, collectively and communally. No-one, and no environment, remained the same, so this web of relationships and the knowledge, skills, values, attitudes and beliefs within the web also changed. This ecological view of caring asks that we put our understanding of these interrelationships first and foremost (Richard et al, 2011). The concept of an ‘ecology of care’ (as both a goal and a possibility) puts place and environment – and people’s attachment to place – centre stage in end-of-life care, incorporating as it does, concepts of trust, shared norms, collective action and social agency as integral to the building of strong community-based care networks. The ecological viewpoint – that all living things have a relationship to each other and to what’s around them, and that human beings (and human systems) have the capacity to act selectively with the environment to achieve a harmonious relationship (Bronfenbrenner, 1989), has very practical application in the context of an end-of-life care environment.

Accounts are increasing of non-voluntary deportations of Kosovar adolescents from European countries to Kosovo, and human rights organizations have condemned deportation practices endorsed by European governments for being violent and detrimental to adolescents' physical and psychosocial health and well-being. However, research remains scarce on the connections among migration, repatriation and reintegration realities, and adolescents' experiences of psychosocial health and well-being. This article describes how adolescent returnees living in Kosovo express their emotional distress, their struggle with negative living conditions, and their exposure to violence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 adolescents with very high-level post-traumatic stress and depression symptomatology and a General Health Questionnaire score of 40 or higher. This empirical data provided in-depth information about the adolescents' narratives of symptoms and illness, explanations ...

Detoks; vücudumuza aldığımız toksinlerin dokulara zarar vermeden atılmasına verilen isimdir. Detoks nedir? Faydaları nelerdir? Detoks çeşitleri şeklinde günümüzde son derece kullanılan sorular karşımıza çıkar. Özellikle son yıllarda sağlıklı beslenme ve doğal beslenme çeşitleri popüler bir haldedir. Bunların yanında sağlıklı olmak için detoks da eklenmiştir. Çünkü vücuda alınan besinlerden yararlı olanların yanı sıra zararlı maddeler bulunur. Bu zararlı maddelerin dokulara zarar vermeden vücuttan atılması gereklidir. Detoks nedir? Faydaları nelerdir? Detoks çeşitleri konusuna tüm hücrelerin ihtiyacı vardır. Radyasyon, hava kirliliği, sigara, alkol, virüsler nedeni ile tüm organlarda zararlı maddeler birikir. Bu maddeler dokulara hasar vermeden dışarı atılmalıdır. Detoksa başlayarak vücudu arındırmak gereklidir. Bunun için ilk olarak devam eden bir takım alışkanlıklardan vazgeçmek gereklidir. Yaşam tarzını zaman içerisinde kademe kademe düzene sokmak doğru olacaktır. Detoks Faydaları Detorksun faydası sadece dokuları korumak değildir. Genel olarak saymak gerekirse detoksun faydaları:-Detoks enerji arttırır. Birçok kişi için detoks programı sonrası kötü alışkanlıklardan kurtulmak ve enerji artışı söz konusudur.-Atıklardan arındırma durumu söz konusudur. Vücuttaki zararlı maddeler dışarı atılır. Karaciğer, böbrekler ve bağırsaklar en faydalı şekilde çalışmaya başlar.-Biriken tuz ve kötü maddeleri dışarı atması nedeni ile zayıflatıcıdır.-Organların çalışması düzene girer. Böylelikle de bağışıklık sistemi güçlenir. Toksinlerin atılması ile organlar normal sistemlerine uygun olarak çalışır.-Cildin parlak ve sağlıklı görünmesi sağlanır.-Sağlıklı şekilde nefes alınır.-Beyin fonksiyonlarını düzenler. Berrak bir zihin oluşturur.-Detoks ile vitaminler doğru kullanıldığından saçlar güçlenir. Detoks Çeşitleri Detoks çeşitleri karşımıza ilgili etkiye göre değişiklik göstererek çıkmaktadır. Örneğin, sindirimi kolaylaştıran detoks, zinde hissetmek için detoks, ağrıları gideren detoks şeklinde sayılmaktadır. Detoks karışımlarının iç kısmı bu şekilde belirlenmektedir. Detoks çeşitleri denildiğinde, nane ve limon, nar, limon ve ananas, karpuz ve nane, portakal, elma ve havuç, salatalık ve nane, çiçek ve nane, elma ve tarçın şeklinde sıralama yapabiliriz. Genel olarak kişinin kendi ihtiyacına uygun çeşit ile detoks uygulaması gereklidir. Kaynak : https://teknosaglik.com/detoks-nedir-faydalari-nelerdir-detoks-cesitleri/

2021年5月以來，COVID-19疫情衝擊台灣的公共衛生系統，對醫護人員形成極大負擔。防疫是持久戰。日前，流病學者重申疫情監測與疫調的急迫性，而有擴編疫調人力之主張。疫情防治講求對人之行跡的了解，但關於移徏者或原住民健康尋求行為（heath seeking behaviour）的台灣研究仍十分欠缺，從跨文化照顧視角切入之討論更付之闕如。一項成功的公共衛生服務（包括防疫工作）須考量健康的社會決定因素，包括結構與人際關係等層次，而文化在其中扮演了重要的媒介角色，在在影響主流與邊緣群體對衛生資訊之理解、對彼此的認識、社區需求的差異、風險溝通之有效性，以及標籤化與污名對防疫措施之負面影響。因此，本文欲拋磚引玉，以疫調工作中的文化能力為例，主張防疫各面向，乃至各項公共衛生措施，都應注重文化敏感度之養成，而廣義的文化能力應包含交織性之觀點。

Older people, particularly those lacking capacity, are often subject to financial abuse. While such abuse is frequently committed by strangers, in certain circumstances the perpetrators may be members of an older person’s own family. Such abuse is often hard to identify and even more difficult to prove. The research described here was part of a wider project exploring the financial abuse of adults of all ages who lack capacity, examining the role of various agencies in preventing or dealing with it. It used a mix of methods including the analysis of national and local statistics, interviews with professional experts in the law, banking and health and social work, together with a local area case study. This article presents an analysis of Court of Protection cases dealing largely with applications to revoke lasting powers of attorney (LPA) often where financial misbehaviour is implicated. In particular it focuses on the role of intra-family dynamics showing how family disputation can play a significant part in relation to the financial abuse that takes place.

1. Esisteva nell'antica Roma uno strano modo di dire: depontani senes o sexagenarios de ponte. La depontazione degli anziani potrebbe essere collegata alla cerimonia che si svolgeva alle Idi di maggio durante la quale fantocci di vimini con mani e piedi legati venivano gettati dal ponte Sublicio nelle acque del Tevere alla presenza delle più alte cariche della Respublica: vestali, pontefici, pretore. Pare che la cerimonia ricordasse degli antichissimi sacrifici umani e qualche studioso ha ipotizzato che i Romani delle primissime origini depontassero i sessagenari al fine di sgravare la società da pesi economici inutili. Usanza che del resto avrebbe riguardato molte popolazioni primitive. Lo sviluppo della società romana indusse ben presto a interrogarsi sull'origine di questi riti, che venivano chiamati Argei e di cui si erano perse le tracce sulle origini. Sono riportati da Festo e richiamati da molti altri, compreso Cicerone. Nonostante gli sforzi per trovare una spiegazione agli Argei, non si giunse a una conclusione condivisa. Quello che è certo è che già i nostri fondatori del diritto, oltre duemila anni fa, mostrano una vera ripugnanza verso la possibile tradizione dei loro progenitori. La stessa ripugnanza che proviamo ancora noi oggi. Il detto depontani senes, come mostrano alcuni studi moderni, non aveva niente a che vedere con la cerimonia degli Argei, per fortuna. Perciò, soprattutto grazie agli storici del diritto romano, è stato spiegato come i Romani, nemmeno ai primordi della civiltà, pensarono mai di sbarazzarsi dei loro nonni. 2. Una delle caratteristiche delle società civili come la nostra è quella di garantire il diritto alla salute di tutti, senza alcuna distinzione tra gli individui che ne necessitino. Il diritto alla salute è considerato un bene del singolo e, al contempo, un bene della collettività. Con il CoronaVirus si è rischiato di privare i singoli delle cure vitali necessarie per eliminare o attenuare gli effetti del virus, ma anche per trattare tutte le altre malattie, anche quelle più banali. Il rischio era che il sistema sanitario non reggesse l'impatto dovuto alla richiesta di assistenza provenienti da decine di migliaia di persone e che nessuno o pochissimi potessero ricevere le cure ospedaliere. Il diritto alla salute, costituzionalmente garantito, avrebbe potuto essere violato, in maniera massiccia e sistematica.

U radu se nastoji utvrditi točan broj društava koja su se bavila dobrotvornim radom u Zagrebu za vrijeme Prvoga svjetskoga rata, te koliko se njihova ratna djelatnost razlikovala od one mirnodopske. S obzirom da je rad nastao na temelju izvorne arhivske i novinske građe, u njemu se iznosi niz novih spoznaja o druš-tvenome životu ratnoga Zagreba. Ključne riječi: Prvi svjetski rat, Zagreb, društva, dobrotvorni rad

Migrant workers are considered an economic utility, especially for secondary labour markets such as that of long term care. The dynamics of migrant workers across the globe are governed by interacting macro, state level, and micro, personal level, factors. On the macro level immigration policies, historical and current political and economic links between countries play a crucial part in such dynamics. On an individual level, choices, actions and motivations to migrate and work in certain labour sectors are entangled with and governed by macro level policies. Since 2003, the enlargement of the European Economic Area (EEA) has enabled employers in the UK to freely recruit staff from EEA countries. This article investigates reported individual motivations and the decision making process while accounting for macro factors, specifically ease of labour mobility within the EEA versus a more elaborate process when migrating to work in social care in the UK from outside the EEA.. Face to face interviews were conducted with 96 migrant social care and social work staff in six diverse areas of England (2007-09). The analysis indicates differences in stated motivations to migrate to the UK and to work in the care sector among different groups of migrants, particularly among those from Commonwealth countries, from the EEA, and migrants from other parts of the globe. The findings highlight the importance of taking into account the role of immigration policies and consequently immigration status when investigating the policy framework and delivery of care services for older people.

The University of Toronto Interprofessional Education Curriculum (IPE) is an exemplar of advancing interprofessional education with a focus on preparing students for practice in healthcare settings. Our paper begins with a detailed overview of the University of Toronto’s IPE program including the range of participating faculties, an overview of the curriculum including examples of learning activities, and the social work specific expectations that are embedded in the core and elective components. Following, is a discussion on mitigating the challenges and engaging opportunities associated with integrating social work in a healthcare-focused IPE program at a major Canadian University. Our exploration of mitigating challenges and engaging opportunities will span five key areas: a) Creating meaningful learning experiences for social work students; b) Implementing mandatory or elective IPE participation; c) Scheduling of IPE activities; d) The role of social work faculty in driving stud...

What does urgency mean for social work today? It seems that whichever way one turns, a sense of urgency is prevalent: whether the persistent time pressures exerted in day-to-day practice, or the recurrent themes of impending crisis confronting the profession itself. Frequently, these strains on time and resource perpetuate a division of ‘theory’ and ‘practice’. In some cases, this is simply a re-assertion of the view that a social worker should get the practice done, and think about the theory later. But there is also a sense in which, under the neoliberal governance of social provision, urgency has become far more of an inherent feature of social work. This suggests a need to re-think the ways of acknowledging and representing this urgency, the problem of time that underlies the relationship between social work practice and theoretical inquiry, and the models of critique that can be applied to it. This paper applies an interdisciplinary approach to considering the impact of urgency on practice, by drawing together social work research with the tools of classical rhetoric and philosophy, in order to continue the growing discussions around the conceptual basis of social work, and in particular the concept of time itself within neoliberal social care.

The moral argument for supporting carers is clear and irrefutable. This report takes the argument beyond morality and demonstrates that supporting carers improves health outcomes for patients and carers; reduces unwanted admissions, readmissions and delayed discharges in hospital settings; and reduces unwanted residential care admissions and length of stays.