Glutathione Peroxidase

Изучали состояние антиоксидантной системы у самцов и самок интродуцента Черного моря брюхоногого моллюска Rapana venosa, обитающего в двух разных акваториях Одесского залива. Одна из акваторий отличается более выраженной изменчивостью качества воды (соленостью, содержанием химических загрязнителей и т. п.) из-за наличия в ее зоне ливневого коллектора. Другая-характеризуется отсутствием поблизости промышленных и коммунально-хозяйственных сооружений и отличается более стабильной экологической ситуацией. В пищеводной (лейблейновской) железе рапан определяли активность супероксиддисмутазы (СОД), каталазы, глутатионпероксидазы (ГП), глутатионредуктазы (ГР) и содержание восстановленного глутатиона (GSH). Степень окислительного повреждения биополимеров оценивали по уровню содержания малонового диальдегида (МДА). У исследуемых рапан не нашли половых различий по содержанию МДА-интегрального показателя перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ), содержанию GSH и активности антиоксидантных ферментов, за исключением каталазы и СОД. Содержание МДА и активность СОД в пищеводной железе рапан, собранных в районе коллектора, были более высокими, а содержание GSH и активность ГП-более низкими, чем у рапан, обитающих в относительно чистом районе. Сделан вывод о высоком адаптационном потенциале R. venosa и о важности изучения роли генетических и экологических факторов в дифференцированном проявлении некоторых реакций адаптации у рапан разных акваторий Черного моря.

Premated 3-month-old albino rats received 200-ppm fluoride ion (F) in their drinking water; the pups born to them were separately administered, in groups of six, daily doses of clinoptilolite, zinc, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and propolis. On post-partum day 45, the pups were sacrificed, brain regions separated, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Prenatal (maternal) and postnatal F exposure in the developing rats caused a significant increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, thus indicating vulnerability of the developing brain to oxidative stress. Alterations were region specific, and oral supplementation of the listed antioxidants not only inhibited oxidative stress but also enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Administration of antioxidants during F exposure significantly overcame neuronal F toxicity (mostly with p<0.05 or <0.01) and therefore may be a therapeutic strategy for fluorotic victims.

Objective: In this study the antioxidant enzyme [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ] levels at rest in patients with syndrome X and coronary slow flow are measured. Then it has been investigated whether there is any enzymatic difference between the normal controls and syndrome X patients or patients with coronary slow flow and ascertain if exercise has any effects on the antioxidant enzyme levels. Methods: Fifty-five patients were included in this prospective observational controlled study. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1-normal controls (n=20); Group 2-patients with coronary slow flow (n=20); and Group 3-patients diagnosed with syndrome X (n=15). In all patients, blood samples were collected at rest and after maximal exercise. The antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, Gpx) in the erythrocytes were studied for these three groups of blood sample. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and ANOVA. Results: Under basal conditions the lowest SOD and GPx levels were measured in the 2 nd Group, whereas significant differences in paired comparisons were observed only between the 2 nd and 3 rd Groups (p=0.024 vs. p<0.01, respectively) during paired comparisons. The postexercise SOD levels were decreased significantly in the 3 rd Groups when compared with the basal concentrations (p=0.014), however no significant pre-and post-exercise differences were observed in the CAT and GPx concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusion: The post-exercise SOD level when compared with basal SOD levels were decreased significantly in the syndrome X group, however no differences were observed between the other groups. This can be interpreted as the reduction in the exercise related symptoms and ischemic findings are resulting from the decrease of SOD activity.

This study was designed to determine the effects of PPAR␣ lack on cardiac mechanical performance and to identify potential intracellular mechanisms linking PPAR␣ pathway deficiency to cardiac contractile dysfunction. Echocardiography, ex vivo papillary muscle assays, and in vitro motility assays were used to assess global, intrinsic ventricular muscle performance and myosin mechanical properties, respectively, in PPAR␣ Ϫ/Ϫ and age-matched wild-type mice. Three-nitrotyrosine formation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein-adducts, both markers of oxidative damage, were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunolabeling. Radical scavenging capacity was analyzed by measuring protein levels and/or activities of the main antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases. Echocardiographic left ventricular fractional shortening in PPAR␣ Ϫ/Ϫ was 16% lower than that in wild-type. Ex vivo left ventricular papillary muscle exhibited reduced shortening velocity and isometric tension (three-and twofold, respectively). In vitro myosin-based velocity was Ϸ20% slower in PPAR␣ Ϫ/Ϫ , indicating that myosin itself was involved in the contractile dysfunction. Staining of 3-nitrotyrosine was more pronounced in PPAR␣ Ϫ/Ϫ , and myosin heavy chain was the main nitrated protein. Formation of 3-nitrotyrosine myosin heavy chain was twofold higher in PPAR␣ Ϫ/Ϫ and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein-adducts were threefold higher. The expression and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase were respectively 33% and 50% lower in PPAR␣ Ϫ/Ϫ , with no changes in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. These findings demonstrate that PPAR␣ pathway deficiency impairs cardiac function and also identify oxidative damage to myosin as a link between PPAR␣ deficiency and contractile dysfunction. contractility; metabolism; myosin; cardiac failure THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR (PPAR-␣,-␤/␦, and-␥) family of lipid-activated nuclear receptors plays a critical role in the gene regulation of cellular lipid metabolism (10). In cardiac muscle, PPAR␣ is expressed at relatively abundant levels and activates numerous genes involved in cellular fatty acid uptake and oxidation (10). Interestingly, PPAR␣ gene regulatory pathway activity is downregulated in the hypertrophied heart (2) and in the human failing heart (2, 40, 43

Objective: The present study deals with dietary supplementation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica in Swiss male albino mice in comparison with casein control diet.Methods: The Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as normal, Group II served as control mice, and Groups III and IV mice were fed with food supplement P. ostreatus and C. indica for 28 days. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and liver samples were used to analyze the following parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C, and Vitamin E.Results: The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of P. ostreatus and C. indica significantly…

Objective: This narrative review highlights the relationship between oxidative stress and oral lichen planus, and its implications on the future treatment. Background data: lichen planus is a chronic, non-contagious, immune-mediated, muco-cutaneous inflammatory disease. The imbalance between antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxygen species homeostasis is one of the numerous reasons proposed by researchers. The dynamic nature of the diseases, with varying clinical forms ranging from moderate to severe forms, as well as anticipated flare-up times and symptom-free intervals that affect patients' quality of life, is what makes them distinctive. Methodology: Studies with solid evidence served as the foundation for the data collection for this review article. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were among the thirty databases searched. www.rsisinternational.org Conclusion: reactive oxyg

The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effect of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate on an acute pancreatitis model through an experimental study. Materials and Methods: 30 Spraque-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, Pancreatitis and Pancreatitis + 2-APB. Pancreatitis was induced by L-arginine administration. The therapeutic agent 2-APB was enjected i.v. at a dose of 2 mg/kg 10 min before pancreatitis induction. From blood samples, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, aspartate aminotransferase , alanine aminotransferase and creatinine levels were measured and the rats were sacrificed subsequently. Tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. TUNEL staining method was used to visualize apoptotic cells. Results: 2-APB significantly reduced serum MDA and creatinine levels in pancreatitis + 2-APB group. Unfortunately, SOD levels reduced significantly, too. Edema and hemorrhage in pancreatic tissue were lower, necrosis and fibrosis were higher in the 2-APB administered group. Additionally, in 2-APB given group, it was found that vacuolisation, epithelial desquamation, and congestion reduced in renal tubular epithelial. The number of apoptotic cells did not change in the pancreatic tissue in TUNEL staining. Conclusions: 2-APB reduces renal damage caused by acute pancreatitis. However, protective effect has not been on pancreatic tissue with 2-APB administered group. Although 2-APB, which was shown to prevent the degradation of kidney functions due to pancreatitis, do not minimize the pancreas tissue damage, it can improve the prognosis of pancreatitis by reducing the damage of distant organs

Objectives:To determine the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on the oxidant-antioxidant balance in rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced breast cancer and to compare this with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel.Material and methods:Fifty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Except control group (n=8, Group I) others received MNU (50 mg/kg, a single dose, i.p.) to develop breast cancer: Group II (n=8) untreated, Group III (n=7) treated with paclitaxel (15 mg/kg/week, 3 times, i.p.), Group IV (n=7) with RJ (by oral gavage, 100 mg/kg/day, for 30 days), and Group V (n=7), with paclitaxel+RJ. At the end of 30 days, histopathological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in breast tissues.Results:Levels of protein carbonyl (PC) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were higher in Group V than in Group II while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in groups IV and V compared to Group II (p&lt;0.05). Levels of catalase (CAT) in Group V and glutathione (...

Objective: The aims of study were to investigate effects of both N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant) and high fat diet (HFD) to oxidative stress in differently located adipose tissues and the liver. Methods: Our study is created from control, HFD and NAC groups (n=6). Control group was fed with only standard diet. HFD group was fed with only HFD. NAC group was fed with HFD, and additionally that group received NAC (2 g/L). All groups were fed with designated diets for 85 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione, and malondialdehyde were measured in epididymal, perirenal, subcutaneous adipose tissues, and liver.Results: In the HFD group, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in perirenal adipose tissue and liver. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the HFD group were lower both epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue, whereas glutathione peroxidase activities were lower in subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissue. Glutathione was lower in ...

ARTIcLE InfO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________ Objective: Testicular torsion (TT) refers to rotation of the testis and twisting of the spermatic cord. TT results in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury involving increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and can even lead to infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozone therapy on testicular damage due to I/R injury in an experimental torsion model. Materials and Methods: 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; shamoperated, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and T/D+ozone. Ozone (1mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 120 minutes before detorsion and for the following 24h. Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of 24h. Johnsen score, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were determined. Results: Levels of IMA, TOS, OSI, and histopathological scores increased in the serum/tissue of the rats in the experimental T/D group. Serum IMA, TOS, and OSI levels and tissue histopathological scores were lower in the rats treated with ozone compared with the T/D group. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that ozone therapy may exhibit beneficial effects on both biochemical and histopathological findings. Clinical trials are now necessary to confirm this.

This work examines the effect of three doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), synthetized with Crataegus monogyna leaves using zinc acetate, on the sperm quality of Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups; the control group maintained without treatment, while ZNP1, ZNP2, and ZNP3 received respectively 10 mg ZNP/kgbw, 50 mg ZNP/kgbw, and 100 mg ZNP/kgbw by gavage for 15 days. Epididymis sperm was collected for sperm parameters: concentration, live sperm, motility, velocity (VCL, VSL, and VAP), linearity (LIN), amplitude lateral head (ALH), and beat cross frequency (BCF). DNA fragmentation was measured in three samples selected from control, ZNP1, and ZNP2. Testicular and epididymis malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated. Compared to the control, ZNP1 has a significant reduction of testicular and epididymis weights, sperm concentration, live sperm, motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, and BCF, with a significant increase of MDA and a significant decrease of GSH levels. The ZNP2 group demonstrated a significant increase in epididymis weight, a raise in sperm parameters (concentration, motility,

The possible neuroprotective effect of progesterone, a steroid hormone, on acute phase changes in a mouse model of cerebral ischaemia induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) was studied. A total of 72 male mice were included in the study. The BCAO model was used to induce partial global cerebral ischaemia. Morphological assessment included measurement of infarct size and brain oedema. Post-ischaemic seizure susceptibility was assessed using a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (30 mgkg−1 i.p.). Biochemical estimations included tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels and enzyme parameters such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and protein estimation. BCAO induced a significant infarct size and oedema in the saline-treated control group, along with an increase in oxidative stress, indicated by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione...

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Delayed increase of plasma selenoproteins and absence of side effect induced by infusion of pharmacological dose of sodium selenite in septic shock: Secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial

Background: In sepsis, neutrophil respiratory bursts participate in endothelium damage, the first step to multiple organ failure. In plasma two antioxidant selenoenzymes, which protect the endothelium, decrease: selenoprotein-P, and to a lesser extent glutathione peroxidase (GPX3). Sodium selenite (Na 2 SeO 3) is a Se donor, but also an oxidant chemotherapy drug depending on its concentration. In a previous published study, Na 2 SeO 3 continuous infusion in septic shock patients at a pharmacological dose of 4 mg 1 Se/day on day-1, followed by a high nutritional dose of 1 mg Se/day during 9 days, showed no beneficial effect on weaning of catecholamine nor on survival. In this ancillary study, we report clinical and biological effects of such continuous infusion of Na 2 SeO 3. Methods: This was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on 60 patients. Na 2 SeO 3 or placebo in continuous infusion as described above. Evolution with time of plasma Se, selenoprotein-P, GPX3, Organ dysfunction (sequential organ failure assessment SOFA scores, including PaO2/FiO2, for respiratory failure, and plasma lactate) and quality of life at 6 months (by SF36 scores) were analyzed using two-way (time, treatment) non-parametric repeated-measures analysis of variance (Friedman test). Main Results: At baseline, plasma Se was about a quarter of reference values. From baseline to day-4 plasma Se, selenoprotein-P and GPX3 significantly increased by 3.9, 2.7 and 1.8 respectively in the Na 2 SeO 3 group as compared with placebo and remained elevated by 2.3, 2.7 and 2.1 at day-14 respectively (p < 0.001). Na 2 SeO 3 did not affect global and organ by organ SOFA Scores and plasma lactate concentration at day-1 and later up to day-14. The evolution of PaO2/FiO2 until day-14 was similar in the two groups. Quality of life in the surviving patients at 6 months was similar between the two groups.

Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation have been related to colorectal cancer (CRC), but the influence of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on these parameters is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between adherence to the MD and markers of OS and DNA damage in CRC patients and to study the influence of adherence to the MD on metabolic and tumor-related factors. This prospective observational study included a total of 80 patients diagnosed with CRC. Adherence to the MD was estimated by the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire. The levels of OS markers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione system in serum; 8-oxo-7′8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and F2-isoprotanes in urine) and tumor and metabolic factors were determined. A total of 51.2% of our CRC patients showed a high adherence to the MD. These patients presented decreased levels of 8-oxodG, increased GPX and HDL–cholesterol levels, and a downward trend in ...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of diazinon on fish, focusing on hepatotoxic biomarkers and the potential protective effects of silymarin supplementation. One hundred eighty rainbow trout were randomly assigned to four groups: control, diazinon exposed (0.1 mg L−1), silymarin supplemented (400 mg kg−1), and diazinon + silymarin. Blood samples and liver tissue were collected after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure to analyze biochemical parameters and oxidative biomarkers. Diazinon exposure in fish resulted in liver damage, as indicated by increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the hepatocytes. Silymarin showed the potential to mitigate this damage by reducing oxidative stress and restoring enzyme activities. Nevertheless, diazinon increased creatine phosphokinase activity, which may not be normalized by silymarin. Exposure to diazinon increased glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, whereas total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were significantly decreased...

Objective: Chemoprevention seems to be the best strategy for lowering the incidence of liver cancer. Therefore, this study has been initiated to investigate the hinokitiol (HIOL) supplementation which could prevent oxidative stress induced by hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats.Methods: The biochemical parameters such as tissue damaging enzymes, namely, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and attack-free period and enzymatic antioxidants, namely, glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and histopathological changes were estimated.Results: DEN-treated rats shows increased ALT, ALP, and AST and decreased GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, GR, and SOD activities in liver tissues. The DEN-treated group (200 mg/kg body weight single intraperitoneal injection) with phenobarbital 0.05% orally showed the severe histopathologi...

Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13-184 Poster presentations Methods: 1190 patients (63.3% men) from 7 regions of Russia were involved in the study on the 10-th day after ACS in stable condition. We registered the following endpoints − unstable angina, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke and death for other reasons. The follow-up time was 1.56±0.03 years. Allele identification was performed using PCR, restriction endonuclease cleavage and PAAG separation. Results: The genotype Trp719Arg(KIF6) frequencies were 40.3%, 46.4%, 13.3% for AA, AG, GG, respectively. In statin free patient UO was associated with allele A in men, but with allele G in women. The KIF6 polymorphism significantly associated with all UO, "vascular" and "coronary" end point in women (p = 0.035; 0.026 and 0.030, respectively) and men (p = 0.022, 0.021 and 0.021, respectively). Statins eliminate association between KIF6 polymorphism and risk of UO both in men and in women. Conclusion: Thus we demonstrated the importance of gender prespecifying analysis of genetic associations with clinical course of coronary artery disease.

Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13-184 Poster presentations Methods: 1190 patients (63.3% men) from 7 regions of Russia were involved in the study on the 10-th day after ACS in stable condition. We registered the following endpoints − unstable angina, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke and death for other reasons. The follow-up time was 1.56±0.03 years. Allele identification was performed using PCR, restriction endonuclease cleavage and PAAG separation. Results: The genotype Trp719Arg(KIF6) frequencies were 40.3%, 46.4%, 13.3% for AA, AG, GG, respectively. In statin free patient UO was associated with allele A in men, but with allele G in women. The KIF6 polymorphism significantly associated with all UO, "vascular" and "coronary" end point in women (p = 0.035; 0.026 and 0.030, respectively) and men (p = 0.022, 0.021 and 0.021, respectively). Statins eliminate association between KIF6 polymorphism and risk of UO both in men and in women. Conclusion: Thus we demonstrated the importance of gender prespecifying analysis of genetic associations with clinical course of coronary artery disease.

Context Oxidative stress induces apoptosis within Islets of Langerhans in diabetes mellitus (DM). Enicostemma littorale blume, herb of the Gentianaceae family is used as an anti-diabetic agent across rural India. Objective This report demonstrates potent anti-apoptotic and cyto-protective activity of Enicostemma littorale MeOH extract (EL MeOH ext.) against 50 μM H2O2 in isolated rat Islets. Materials and methods In this study, the whole plant methanolic extract of EL with doses 0.25-4 mg/mL each for the preincubation duration of 0.5-4 h against 50 μM H2O2 were tested for optimum protective dose and time by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Islet intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified by DCFDA staining and cell death using PS/PI & FDA/PI staining. Further, comet assay, biochemical assessment of caspase-3 and antioxidant enzyme activities along with immunoblotting of PARP-1, caspase-3, TNF-α activation and p-P38 MapK (stress kinase) induction was performed. Results...

The present study investigated the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts Eclipta alba L. Hassk (EA) which was widely used as hepatoprotective plant. EA was orally administered at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg (n=6) for 7 days in male Charles Foster rats. The extent of hepatoprotective potential of E. alba was studied by assessing the biochemical parameters like lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in the liver of rats. Oral administration of the EA significantly decreased LPO and elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GR as well as endogenous levels of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in the liver of male Charles Foster rats. This study has revealed the significant antioxidant potential of E. alba in rat liver.

We examined the relationship between blood anti-(p<0.0001); smoking habit with a-1-antichymotrypsin (p<0.0001), with caeruloplasmin, oxidant enzyme activities, indices of inflammatory status and a number of lifestyle factors in the both protein and oxidase (p<0.0001) and with glutathione peroxidose (GPX) (p<0.0001); social Caerphilly prospective cohort study of ischaemic heart disease. The study began in 1979 and is based class with a-1-antichymotrypsin (p<0.0001), with caeruloplasmin both protein (p<0.001) and oxidase on a representative male population sample. Initially 2512 men were seen in phase I, and followed-up (p<0.01) and with GPX (p<0.0001); body mass index with a-1-antichymotrypsin (p<0.0001) and every 5 years in phases II and III; they have recently been seen in phase IV. Data on social class, smoking with caeruloplasmin protein (p<0.001). There was no significant association between alcohol consump-habit, alcohol consumption were obtained by questionnaire, and body mass index was measured. tion and any of the blood enzymes measured. Factor analysis produced a three-factor model (explaining Antioxidant enzyme activities and indices of inflammatory status were estimated by standard tech-65.9% of the variation in the data set) which appeared to indicate close interrelationships among niques. Significant associations were observed for: age with a-1-antichymotrypsin (p<0.

Eggs (n = 1,800) obtained from Ross broiler breeders at 32 and 48 wk of age were incubated at either a constant temperature of 37.6°C throughout (T1), or the temperature was reduced for 6 h to 36.6°C each day during embryonic age (EA) 10 to 18 (T2). Yolk sac, liver, and brain fatty acid profiles and oxidant and antioxidant status of liver and brain were measured at EA 14, 19, and day of hatch (DOH). Fatty acid profiles of yolk sac, liver, and brain were influenced by age of breeder with significant breeder hen age × incubation temperature interactions. At EA 14, higher levels of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 had been transferred from the yolk sac to T2 embryos from younger than older breeders, whereas for T1 and T2 embryos, yolk sac 20:4n-6 and 22.6n-3 values were similar for older breeders. Accumulation of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 fatty acids in the liver of T1 and T2 embryos from younger breeders was similar; however, T2 embryos from older breeders had higher liver levels of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 than T1 embryos. At EA 19, liver nitric oxide levels were higher for T2 embryos from younger breeders than those from breeders incubated at T1. Brain catalase levels of T2 embryos from younger breeders were higher than those from older breeders at DOH. Thus, changes in fatty acid profiles and catalase and nitric oxide production of brain and liver tissues resulting from 1°C lower incubation temperature from EA 10 to 18 reflect adaptive changes.

Herein we have demonstrated that both superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic, cationic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+), and non-SOD mimic, anionic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin (MnTBAP 3−), protect against oxidative stress caused by spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion via suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pro-inflammatory pathways. Earlier reports showed that Mn(III) Nalkylpyridylporphyrins were able to prevent the DNA binding of NF-κB in an aqueous system, whereas MnTBAP 3− was not. Here, for the first time, in a complex in vivo system-animal model of spinal cord injury-a similar impact of MnTBAP 3− , at a dose identical to that of MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+ , was demonstrated in NF-κB downregulation. Rats were treated subcutaneously at 1.5 mg/kg starting at 30 min before ischemia/reperfusion, and then every 12 h afterward for either 48 h or 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effects of both Mn porphyrins (MnPs) were demonstrated in the spinal cord tissue at both 48 h and 7 days. The down-regulation of NF-κ B, a major proinflammatory signaling protein regulating astrocyte activation, was detected and found to correlate well with the suppression of astrogliosis (as glial fibrillary acidic protein) by both MnPs. The markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation, were significantly reduced by MnPs. The favorable impact of both MnPs on motor neurons (Tarlov score and inclined plane test) was assessed. No major changes in glutathione peroxidase-and SOD-like

Pharmacological studies revealed that cedrol, a natural sesquiterpene, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the potential antiarthritic activity of cedrol in a rat experimental model of arthritis induced by using complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Arthritis was induced in Wistar rats by CFA (0.1 ml) injection. Cedrol (10 and 20 mg/kg) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg) were orally administered from day one and continued for 21 days. The antiarthritic activity was assessed through mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia responses, paw edema assessment, and arthritis scores. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were measured for the evaluation of inflammation. Furthermore, serum oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were also assessed. Oral administration of cedrol and indomethacin significantly decreased paw edema and...

The prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis was determined among children of Kheru Nayak Thanda of Gulbarga district, where the fluoride concentration in drinking water ranges from 0.6 to 13.4 ppm and the water has low levels of copper and zinc. These children were investigated clinically, radiologically and biochemically. The study revealed that 89% of the children had dental fluorosis and 39% exhibited skeletal fluorosis. Serum samples of these children showed elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and decreased levels of total protein, albumin, and potassium. Radiographic changes suggestive of osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, and genu valgum were observed.

Background and Objectives: Catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are important antioxidant enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to control its intracellular concentration, thus enabling its physiological role and preventing toxic effects. A lack or disruption of their function leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies have shown that the activities of key antioxidant enzymes are impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Since the published results are contradictory, and our previous studies found significantly higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in patients with schizophrenia, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide in the same group of patients, as well as to examine their dependence on clinical symptoms, therapy, and parameters associated with this disease. Materials and Methods: Catalase and GPx activities were determin...

The exact contribution of the quinone group to the activity of quinone antitumor agents remains uncertain. Two L5178Y murine lymphoblastic cell lines resistant to the model quinone antitumor agent, hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard, and one partial-revertant cell line were isolated and characterized. The antitumor activity of hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard has been shown previously to be due to its ability to induce free radical mediated DNA strand breaks. Resistant cells were obtained by growing a cloned L5178Y parental cell line in media containing increasing concentrations of hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard. L5178Y/HBM2 cells were selected from L5178Y cells growing in media containing 0.2 mM drug, while L5178Y/HBM10 cells were selected from cells growing in media containing 1.0 mM drug. The L5178Y/HBMR cells were obtained by growing L5178Y/HBM10 cells in media without hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard. The resistant cell lines, L5178Y/HBM2 and L5178Y/HBM10, were 2.5- and 6-fold less...

The study aimed to investigate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels in the sperm of patients with unexplained infertility. The sperm samples were collected from subjects with normal semen parameters divided into fertile and infertile groups. Sperm analysis was performed according to the 2010 WHO criteria. Measurement of the GPx activity and GSH were performed by enzymatic assay kits. The higher enzymatic activity recorded in spermatozoa and seminal plasma in the infertile group was close to the significant one-p=0.054 for seminal plasma andp= 0.086 for the spermatozoa.GSH levels were higher in the fertile group in the seminal plasma (p=0.045). Defining the causes of unexplained infertility requires the addition of oxidative stress. In patients with unexplained infertility, the level of glutathione is reduced, and the activity of one of the significant enzyme antioxidants GPx is not changed significantly and even shows a tendency to rise.

There is currently considerable interest in the study of cytoprotective effects of natural antioxidants against oxidative stress. However, the cellular response to oxidative stress of the antioxidants may be compromised under conditions of dietary restriction. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of the (−)-epicatechin, a polyphenol with powerful antioxidant properties in vitro, to attenuate oxidative stress-induced cell damage and to understand the mechanism of its protective action in hepatocytes from overnight fasted rats. Oxidative stress in isolated hepatocytes was induced using tert-butylhydroperoxide and the cellular responses in the form of cell membrane damage, lipid peroxidation and levels of endogenous antioxidants assessed. The results provide evidence that in fasted rat hepatocytes, subjected to oxidative stress, epicatechin inhibits cell membrane damage. In addition, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities return to their control condition. The levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, however, were not significantly different from those without treatment with epicatechin, suggesting that the epicatechin influence on these intracellular antioxidants is not the mechanism of protection.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice. In the present study the effect of intake of α-tocopherol or β-carotene to limit liver injury by oxidative stress in ischemia and reperfusion was explored. Wistar rats were fed with diets enriched with α-tocopherol (20 mg/day) or β-carotene (3 mg/ day) for 21 days. After 21 days, their livers were subjected to 15 and 30 min of ischemia and afterwards were reperfused for 60 min. The recovery of levels of ATP during reperfusion was better in the group of rats whose diets were supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-carotene than in the group control. The supplementation of the diet induced changes in the profile of enzymatic antioxidants. The supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene resulted in a decreased of superoxide dismutase during the ischemia and a recovery was observed after reperfusion. Not changes were observed for the enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione but their values were higher to those of the group control. In conclusion, the supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene improve the antioxidant and energetic state of liver after ischemia and reperfusion injury.

We have studied the pro‐antioxidant status of the rat liver on the last day of gestation and at 1, 15, and 30 days of extrauterine life. Representative variables, such as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and concentrations of reduced glutathione and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine, were determined in liver to assess the degree of birth‐associated oxidative stress during the fetal‐neonatal transition and early development of the rat. Percentages by which liver Cu/ZnSOD activity increased over the basal value of the fetal liver were 54%, 95%, and 127% at neonatal days 1, 15, and 30, respectively. There was a lack of induction in the development profile of MnSOD. Catalase activity was clearly and progressively induced with time from the fetal state up to the neonatal age of 1 month. Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione content showed a tendency to decline during the first day after birth, though they increased to significantly higher ...

The present study was undertaken to assess the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of veratric acid on N ω-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180-220 g, by oral administration of the L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight/day) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with various doses of veratric acid (20, 40, 80 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. Hypertension was manifested by considerably increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the toxic effect of L-NAME was determined using lipid peroxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides). We also assessed the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and measured the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants (vitamin-C, vitamin-E and reduced glutathione) levels in erythrocytes, plasma and tissues and plasma nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite/nitrate). Oral administration of veratric acid at the dosage of 40 mg/kg considerably decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid peroxidation products; increased plasma nitric oxide levels and showed no toxicity which was measured using hepatic and renal function markers when compared to other doses of veratric acid (20, 80 mg/kg). In addition, histopathological findings of veratric acid treated hypertensive rat heart confirmed the biochemical findings of this study. These results suggest that veratric acid decreased the blood pressure, significantly restored nitric oxide, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and reduced lipid peroxidation products and thus exhibits antihypertensive and antioxidant effects against L-NAME induced hypertension.

The present study was aimed to assess the antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive and antioxidant effect of D-carvone, a monoterpene against N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced hypertension. Hypertension was prompted in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain by oral administration of the L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with D-carvone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks. L-NAME treated rats exhibited significant increase in water intake, heart rate, aortic lipids level such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA) and significant decrease in the level of phospholipids (PL), plasma nitric oxide (NO). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were decreased in erythrocytes of L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Treatment with D-carvone restored all the above parameters to near normal level. These results suggest that D-carvone acts as an antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive and antioxidant agent against L-NAME induced hypertensive rats.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of diosmin in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt induced hypertension in male Wistar rats. Hypertension was induced in uninephrectomized rats by weekly twice subcutaneous injection of DOCA (25 mg/kg body weight) and 1% NaCl in the drinking water for six consecutive weeks. The important pathological events that occurred in DOCA-salt treated rats were significant increase in systolic, diastolic blood pressure, sodium and chloride in serum and lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes) in plasma and tissues (liver, kidney, heart and aorta) and significant decrease in serum potassium, total nitrite and nitrate levels in plasma. The activities of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the levels of renal urea, uric acid, creatinine in serum, water intake, and organ weight (kidney and heart) were significantly increased in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. DOCA-salt treated rats also showed a significant decrease in body weight, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocyte and tissues and the levels of reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E in plasma and tissues. Treatment with diosmin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) brings back all the above parameters to near normal level, in which 50 mg/kg body weight showed the highest effect than that of other two doses. Histopathology of heart and kidney also confirmed the protective effect of diosmin. Thus the experiment clearly showed that diosmin acts as an antihypertensive agent against DOCA-salt induced hypertension.

We investigated the antihypertensive and antioxidant potential of vanillic acid (VA) in N ω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)treated adult male albino Wistar rats. Treatment of rats with L-NAME (40 mg/kg Bw for 30 days) caused a sustained increase in systolic-(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and significantly decreased the concentration of nitrite/nitrate (NO x) in plasma as compared with that in the control. Rats treated with VA restored SBP and DBP to normal level and preserve the plasma NO metabolites concentration. Moreover, VA reduced lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes) and significantly restored enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione) in the plasma. To assess the toxicity if any of VA treatment, hepatic and renal function markers were measured. Our results showed that the effect at a dose of 50 mg/kg Bw of VA was more pronounced than that of the other two doses, 25 and 100 mg/kg Bw. These results were supported by histopathology studies. We conclude that VA possesses an antihypertensive and antioxidant activity in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

In our previous studies, veratric acid (VA) shows beneficial effect on hypertension and its associated dyslipidaemia. In continuation, this study was designed to investigate the effect of VA, one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from vegetables and fruits, on cardiovascular remodelling in hypertensive rats, primarily assessed by functional studies using Langendorff isolated heart system and organ bath system. Hypertension was induced in male albino Wistar rats by oral administration of N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) in drinking water for 4 weeks. VA was orally administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. L-NAME-treated rats showed impaired cardiac ventricular and vascular function, evaluated by Langendorff isolated heart system and organ bath studies, respectively; a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides in aorta; and a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and levels of GSH, vitamin C and vitamin E in aorta. Fibrotic remodelling of the aorta and heart were assessed by Masson's Trichrome staining and Van Gieson's staining, respectively. In addition, L-NAME rats showed increased heart fibronectin expression assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. VA supplementation throughout the experimental period significantly normalised cardiovascular function, oxidative stress, antioxidant status and fibrotic remodelling of tissues. These results of the present study conclude that VA acts as a protective agent against hypertensionassociated cardiovascular remodelling.

An adequate prooxidant–antioxidant balance—which may be influenced by body composition and biochemical status—is essential to maintain human health, especially in circumstances under which the antioxidant defense decreases, such as menopause. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between body composition and biochemical parameters with antioxidant status in a healthy cohort of postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 78 postmenopausal women aged 44–76 years. The body composition profile was assessed through bioelectrical impedance. The determination of the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity was conducted by the colorimetric method, and glutathione peroxidase activity was determined by the enzymatic immunological method. The vitamin D levels were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The mineral status was assessed through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. T...

In de periode 1996 tot en met 1998 is door het PAV in het zuidoosten van Nederland onderzoek gedaan binnen het project &quot;Beregenen op Maat&quot;. Achterliggend doel van de provincies Noord-Brabant en Limburg was het verbruik van grondwater terug te dringen

In recent years, it has been increasingly suggested that the consumption of natural polyphenols, in moderate amounts, is beneficial for health. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a red wine (the administered dose of 7 mL/kg/day being equivalent to ~16.5 mg/kg/day total polyphenols) compared to a white wine (the administered dose of 7 mL/kg/day being equivalent to ~1.7 mg/kg/day total polyphenols), on the prevention of acrylamide-induced subacute hepatic injury and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Hepatic damage due to acrylamide intoxication (the administered dose being 250 µg/kg body weight, for 28 days, by intragastric gavage) was assessed by employing biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) and by histopathological studies. Markers of oxidative damage were measured in terms of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and liver antio...

The tumor growth delay produced by the combination of etoposide with the alkylating agent CDDP or BCNU and Fluosol-DA with carbogen breathing in three model tumor systems was examined. The addition of Fluosol-DA to etoposide treatment increased tumor growth delay 2.8-fold, 3.3-fold and 2.2-fold in the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma, the Lewis lung carcinoma and the SW2 small-cell xenograft, respectively. In both the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma the combination of etoposide treatment with CDDP produced an additive effect. When Fluosol-DA was added to this combination the tumor growth delay increased 1.9-fold and 1.4-fold in the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma, respectively. Adding Fluosol-DA to a treatment regimen with etoposide and BCNU produced a 2.2-fold, 2.0-fold and 1.6-fold increase in the tumor growth delay of the FSalIC fibrosarcoma, the Lewis lung carcinoma and the SW2 small-cell xenograft, respectively. The effect of these various treatment combinations on tumor cell survival was assessed in the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma. When the alkylating agents CDDP or BCNU were prepared in Fluosol-DA, there was an additional increase in tumor cell kill, so that with CDDP there was 2.1-fold and 4.7-fold increase in tumor cell kill and with BCNU there was 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold increase in tumor cell kill compared to the drug plus Fluosol-DA and the drug plus Fluosol-DA/carbogen breathing, respectively. The combination of etoposide and CDDP led to less than additive cell killing, and the combination of etoposide and BCNU appeared to be additive, as predicted by simple product summation, in all of the treatment conditions examined. Both etoposide + CDDP and etoposide + BCNU produced additive or less than additive toxicity to bone marrow as measured by CFU-GM.

The EMT6 mammary carcinoma sublines resistant to antitumor alkylating agents were produced by repeated exposure of fresh tumor-bearing hosts to each drug. These tumor lines have been used to extend understanding of drug resistance in a host organism. It is becoming clear as our knowledge of growth factors and cytokines has increased that the proliferation and metabolism of tumor cells, like those of normal cells, are influenced by these naturally occurring growth regulators. Our findings and those of others support the notion that the metabolism of tumor cells can be altered to enhance their survival via mechanisms that involve the autocrine and paracrine functions of growth factors and cytokines. Therapeutic resistance of a tumor in a host organism can evolve by a phenotypic change in the tumor cells that does not confer drug resistance on the isolated tumor cells but, which, through alterations in the handling of the drug by host.

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), a serious cerebrovascular condition, is accompanied by a series of biochemical and pathological events constituting the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and thus altering the antioxidant mechanisms and antioxidant enzymatic levels. In studying these antioxidant cascades, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis offers the most innocuous tool as it is in close connection with the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed at assessing the difference in the activities of Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (Gred), glutathione transferase (GTS) activities in CSF samples of healthy and ICH patient. The level of oxidative damage was highlighted by malondialdehyde (MDA) as a parameter of lipid peroxidation. Total nitrite levels were also measured. During ICH, the decrease in the activity of SOD, CAT and GPx is accompanied by a significant increase in the activities of GST and Gred. Total nitrite and MDA levels both increased significantly. In present study we may conclude that ICH alters antioxidants levels and several of these parameters can be used as biomarkers of extreme cerebral oxidative stress.

The various complications related to diabetes are due to the alteration in plasma components and functional activity of blood cells, hence the search for preventive remedies that would ameliorate the clinical condition of patients is a relevant problem today. The main aim of the present study was to examine the antidiabetic potency and antioxidant effects of loganic acid (LA) in blood of diabetic rats. LA showed a restoration of balance between functioning of antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress in leukocytes without notable effects on blood glucose levels when administered orally to rats (20 mg/kg b.w./day) for 14 days. LA ameliorated antioxidant status in leukocytes, as indicated by increasing the content of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase along with decreasing levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, we observed the ability of LA to protect against formation and accumulation of glycat...