Fisheries Technology

Naturally available seaweeds has not been utilized significantly in Bangladesh. In order to make a way for effective utilization of seaweeds, this study was focused on manufacture of different value added seaweed products and their acceptance to consumers. Four value added seaweed food products; namely, seaweed jelly, soup, ice-cream, curd; two functional food products, namely, seaweed singara, samucha/samosa, and two cosmetic products, namely, seaweed face pack, shampoo were prepared at Fish Processing Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Hypnea sp. seaweed powder was used in manufacture of all the products. For seaweed jelly, soup, ice-cream and curd consumer acceptance was 66.67%, 50%, 41.67% and 83.34%, respectively. For seaweed singara and samucha/samosa, 100% acceptance was found. Seaweed face pack and shampoo got 100% and 66.67% consumer's acceptance, respectively. Thus, all these products have potential to be produced commercially.

A profilistic study on the socioeconomic status of the fishermen community of Jamuna River under Sirajganj Sadar, was conducted for a period of 1 year and 6 months from August 2014 to February 2016 by employing PRP tools. A total sample of respondent was 120 families and head of the family was considered as respondents for accuracy of information. In this investigation information on fishing gears, fish diversity and social status such as education level, religion, age, occupation, housing condition, sanitary condition, electricity facilities and other facilities was studied. The surveyed result identified total 11 types on fishing net under 5 major groups of net of which Current jal, Chandi jal under the group of Gill net and Ber jal under Seine net group was responsible for large-scale caught. A total of 55 species under 44 genera and 28 families were identified from River Jamuna in the catches of different gears. Among different families Cyprinidae contributes highest number (10 species) of species and genus (7 genera) which was followed by Schilbeidae had 4 species under 4 different genera. The socio-demographic study revealed that most of the fishermen had aged 30-50 (62%) indicated middle class family. The majority of fishers are Muslim (69%). 62% fishermen were engaged in fishing as their main occupation. But, 53% had no educational knowledge. Monthly income varied from 3-25 $ of fisher community. About 61% house had no electricity because of bad communication system. Social condition is not good because majority of them are landless. All of these situation can be promoted if the government and non-governmental organisation trying their best affort and increase their facilities among the fisher folk community of Jamuna River around Sirajgonj district.

The Northwest Coast (NWC) halibut hook is both an indigenous fishing technology, and an iconic object of rich cultural history. This study utilizes biological , statistical, ecological, and ethnographic data to examine the function(s) of NWC halibut hooks, and how and why dimensions are changing through time. Analyses of measurements from 143 specimens, dated from 1867 to 2015, suggest a statistically significant increase in overall length through time. These findings support the hypothesis that as the use of modern fishing technologies became more prevalent, and traditional NWC halibut hooks largely lost their original function (i.e., catching halibut), dimensions changed to favor decorative or symbolic content over utilitarian/ functional requirements. Archival data, peer-reviewed literature, and ethnographic interviews with contemporary carvers and fishers support the assertion that average dimensions of early NWC halibut hooks targeted fish between 20 and 100 lbs., thus promoting sustainability of Pacific halibut breeding populations. Whether the hooks were designed intentionally to promote sustainability or this size of fish was targeted for other reasons remains an open question.

ABSTRAK
Alat tangkap modern Longline merupakan alat tangkap yang dioperasikan dengan sasaran ikan hasil tangkapan yaitu ikan demersal (dasar laut) diantaranya ikan tuna sirip biru, tuna mata besar, ikan tuna sirip kuning, madidihang, albacore jenis – jenis Longline diantaranya Longline dasar, Longline permukaan, Longline pertengahan, Longline vertical, Longline tegak, Longline cucut.  Longline memiliki bagian yang berbeda dengan alat tangkap jarring dikarenakan alat tangkap ini menggunakan pancing sebagai metode utamanya, bagian- bagian Longline adalah tali utama, tali pelapung, tali cabang, pemberat, pelampung. Umpan yang digunakan oleh alat tangkap Longline adalah bandeng, lemuru, layang, cumi-cumi yang masih segar dengan tujuan ikan yang melihat akan mengira bahwa ikan tersebut masih hidup. Dalam pengoperasian alat tangkap Longline memiliki alat bantu penangkapan untuk memudahkan dalam melakukan setting maupun hauling yaitu line thrower, line arranger, slow conveyor, line hauler, branch line ace, side roller. Daerah penangkapan untuk pengoperasian alat tangkap Longline adalah Perairan dalam dan berkadar garam tinggi (diatas 30%) dan Perairan bersih terhindar dari pencemaran dan penyebaran luas.

Kata Kunci : Longline, Tuna

Secara morfologis ikan Guppy jantan lebih diminati karena memiliki corak warna yang lebih indah, menarik, dan tubuh lebih ramping dibandingkan dengan ikan Guppy betina.Sehingga budidaya ikan Guppy jantan lebih menguntungkan daripada ikan Guppy betina.Penggunaan hormone steroid sintetik (metyl testosterone) dalam kegaitan produksi benih ikan secara monosex jantan perlu dihindari karena sudah ada larangan dari pemerintah, sehingga perlu pengkajian sumber-sumber hormone testosterone alami untuk pembenihan secara monosex. Salah satu sumber hormone testosterone alami adalah testis sapi. Penggunaan testis sapi pada maskulinisasi ikan guppy diharapkan mampu meningkatkan prosentase anakan jantan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak testis sapi terhadap nisbah kelamin anakan ikan guppy melalui metode perendaman induk bunting.Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Universitas Airlangga PDD Banyuwangipada bulan juni-Nopember 2016. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima taraf perlakuan dengan empat kali ulangan. Perlakuan dengan berbagai dosis perendaman ekstrak testis sapi dengan lama perendaman 24 jam. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah rata-rata jumlah anakan yang dihasilkan setiap induk, presentase jumlah anakan jantan, kelangsungan hidup anakan, dan perkembangan gonad ikan perlakuan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah anakan tertinggi pada perlakuan P3, presentase jumlah anakan jantan tertinggi pada P+ dan kelangsungan hidup semua perlakuan tertinggi (100%).

The jellyfish fishery in Malampaya Sound, Palawan was studied in 2004 as one of the recommendations of the participatory strategic planning workshop for the General Management Plan of Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape (MSPLS) in July 2001. Fishermen engaged in jellyfish harvesting from the seven coastal barangays around Malampaya Sound were interviewed as to the methods of harvesting, processing techniques, collecting sites and its economic conribution. Key Informant Interviews (KII) were conducted with jelly fish traders to determine the quantity of dried jellyfish exported to other countries and their marketing strategies, while, BFAR and PAMB personnel were interviewed as to the agencies’ conservation and regulatory policies on jellyfish fishing. Six jellyfish species have been identified from Malampaya Sound with Lion’s mane, Lobonema smithii as commercially harvested for export to Japan, Korea and Hongkong. Harvesting of jellyfish is by scope net and the peak months are from February to May. In processing, for initial salting, 60kg of jellyfish umbrellas are removed of its water content and marinated in a brine solution (3kg of alum and 37 kg of iodized salt dissolved in 100L water) for 4-5 days. The salted jellyfish are then transferred to another container and treated three times a freshly mixed salt and alum and drained, piled up and left to dry at room temperature for 2-3 days. In terms of production trends, from the 12 tons in 1978 it increased to 267 in 1997 and declined to 198 tons in 1998 to 27 tons in 2005 and then in 2003 and 2006 the medusa stage jellyfish were absent. These are considered as signs of the negative impacts of the intense harvesting. On the otherhand, this fishery provided livelihood to 1,728 fishers in the coastal communities surrounding Malampaya Sound with 1,471 of them earning Php 400.00 to 800.00/day by harvesting while women and children age 13 to 17 are paid Php 150.00 to 200.00/day as workers in the processing plants. While this fishery is highly seasonal, it is promising due to the continued demand of dried jellyfish to Japan, Korea and Hongkong. Although, this need scientific validation, some fisherfolks claimed that eating raw and cooked jellyfish their ailments such as hypertension, bakc pains and arthritis were cured. The symbiotic relationship between the juveniles of some small pelagic fishes and the medusa stage of jellyfish were also observed. Juveniles of these fishes are not affected by the nematocysts, as they take refuge from predators in the tentacles of jellyfishes. While jellyfish easily trap its prey when attracted to the juveniles of small pelagic fishes. Unless the unabated and massive harvesting of jellyfishes in Malampaya Sound is regulated by the concerned government agencies with out compromising the livelihood of the fisherfolks, then this resource is going to get depleted in the near future.

Prehistoric artifacts have been found by fisherman and/or watermen using a diverse array of fisheries technologies.  The range of harvesting technologies greatly influence the retrieval rates and the size of the artifacts exhumed from the bottom.  The following summarizes the types of gear used by fishermen, outlines the range of chance finds made as a result of these harvesting methods, and provides a perspective on how the documentation of chance discoveries can lead to a better understanding of how humans once used currently inundated landscapes.  Cultural resource managers in the United States have typically discounted the chance discoveries made by fishermen.  Some archaeologists ardently believe that objects exhumed by fishermen from the bottom are “not ordinary”, “lack context”, and “barely rise above the level of hearsay”.  With this discussion, I provide a synopsis of the finds made by hydraulic soft-shell clam dredgers within the central Chesapeake Bay region where literally thousands of diagnostic artifacts have been exhumed from the bay’s bottom.  Discounting these underwater chance finds would be analogous to ignoring archaeological discoveries made in agriculturally-tilled fields.

Türkiye Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin ilk ve tek Fen Mühendislik ve Tasarım Dergisi / Turkey's first and only Science Engineering and Design Journal of the Eastern Anatolia Region.

Uluslararası Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendislik ve Tasarım Dergisi'nin kapsamı, fen mühendislik ve tasarım ile ilgili tüm konulardaki orijinal araştırmalardan oluşur. Bilim ve teknolojinin çeşitli alanlarında orijinal araştırma sonuçları, bilimsel yorumlar ve kısa iletişim notları yayına kabul edilir. Dergi bilimsel ve hakemli bir dergi olup, Temmuz ve Aralık aylarında olmak üzere yılda 2 kez çevrimiçi ortamda yayımlanır. Derginin yayın dili Türkçe ve İngilizce'dir.

Makaleler en az iki hakem tarafından kör hakemlik uygulamasıyla değerlendirilmektedir.

https://dergipark.org.tr/ijeased (International Journal of Eastern Anatolia Science Engineering and Design) / International peer-reviewed free journal. We expect your shipments. ( Uluslararası Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendislik ve Tasarım Dergisi / Uluslararası hakemli ücretsiz dergi. Gönderilerinizi bekleriz. )

Study was conducted to know the socio-economic condition of the fishermen and intermediaries of fish marketing chain in Cox’s Bazar area, Bangladesh. Socio-economic condition of the fishermen and intermediaries were not so good in the study area. It was found that about 35% fishermen and intermediaries were illiterate, 16% fishermen and intermediaries were semiliterate who only could write their names. 55% household of the fishermen and intermediaries had tin shed house with tin wall. Average income for most of fishermen and intermediaries was about Tk. 400-500 and 66% were found to borrow money from different source for continuing their business. Poor road and transport facilities, lack of credit facilities, insufficient supply of ice, inadequate training facilities and large number of intermediaries in the chain were the main problems of the marine fish marketing chain. It is therefore necessary to provide institutional and organizational support, government support, extension service and training facilities to the market operators for sustainable fish marketing systems.

Humans have been fishing for more than 100,000 years, and until c. 1900 most fishing practices were sustainable. During the last 100 years, almost every corner of the oceans has been heavily impacted by modern industrial fishing. The amount of wild-caught fish peaked in 1980, but due to the rapidly emerging aquacultural sector, total production of fish had doubled as of 2011.

This is part of a book which consist of chapters submitted by contributors from various parts of the maritime sector. The key issues that the book aims to address are:
* What research has been done and what technologies have been developed in the maritime sector and its sub-sectors, and for what purposes can this work be applied?
* What research and technology gaps exist in the maritime sector and its sub-sectors, and what is required to address these ? (the entire book can be downloaded here:
http://www.waternet.co.za/aquarius/docs/MarineMaritimeBook_Final10Feb2015(2).pdf)

Seit einigen Jahren stehen Fischliftsysteme im Zentrum wasserbaulicher Überlegungen, die um die Wiederherstellung der Gewässerdurchgängigkeit kreisen. Aktuelle Studien beschreiben diese Sonderform der Fischwege als eine neuartige und innovative Techniklösung. Allerdings gehen die Entwicklungspfade dieser Technik auf die um 1900 entwickelte recken`sche Fischschleuse zurück. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Konstruktionsformen vergangener Tage befördert Technik- und Umweltwissen, das vor dem Hintergrund aktueller gewässerökologischer Herausforderungen wieder relevant erscheint.

An experiment was carried out on the effects of periphyton on monoculture of Thai sharputi, Puntius gonionotus at the Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 7 th August to 8 th November. In treatment-1 bamboo poles were used as artificial substrate for periphyton production and in treatment-2 there was no artificial substrate (control). Each of the six ponds was stocked with 150 fingerlings of average size 6.41 cm and 3.60 g. The ponds were fertilized fortnightly with manure (cow dung) at a rate of 10 kg decimal-1 , urea 60 g decimal-1 and triple super phosphate 90 g decimal-1. During the experimental period, the ranges of physico-chemical parameters viz. air temperature (31.0-35.5 0 C), water temperature (29-32 0 C), water depth (0.56-0.84 m), transparency (32-63 cm), dissolved oxygen (3.5-7.8 mg L-1), pH (6.8-7.9), total alkalinity (44-92 mg L-1), free CO2 (1.5-4.0 mg L-1), phosphate-phosphorus (0.31-1.07 mg L-1) and nitrate-nitrogen (1.12-2.30 mg L-1) were within the productive range and more or less similar in the ponds under treatments-1 and 2. Among the observed biological parameters, there were 35 genera of phytoplankton composed of five groups and 13 genera of zooplankton composed of four groups in the experimental ponds. Thirty three genera under the groups of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae formed the periphyton on bamboo poles in the experimental ponds. Net fish production of the ponds with periphyton under treatment-1 was about 1.5 times higher than those of the ponds without periphyton (treatment-2). By analysis of variance, it was found that the net fish production of Thai sharputi under treatment-1 was significantly higher than that under treatment-2 (p< 0.05). Finally, it can be concluded that periphyton is one of the preferable food item of Thai sharputi and it is also suggested that growth and production of Thai sharputi can be increased if arrangement is made for periphyton production.

Lan honen helbururik garrantzitsuena, XIX. mendean euskal arrantzu sektorean hasitako aldaketa teknikoen
sorrera eta bilakaera aztertzea da. Honen protagonistak lurrununtziak eta arraste sareak izango dira.
Prozesu honen ezaugarriak eta ekarritako berrikuntza ugariak aztertuko ditugu; horien artean, arrantza
eredu kapitalista berriaren agerpena garrantzitsuena izanik. Baina, horrez gain, arrantza berri eta moderno

The study was carried out in IAPP commanding areas from July to September 2015. A total of 8 hatchery and 240 farmers were selected for this study from Rangpur and Barisal region. About 153% Tilapia production increased which was from 34 to 86 lakh, which was 148% in Rangpur district. Thai koi production was increased about 320% in Rangpur and it was 152% in Barisal. It was observed that, per hatchery Tilapia profit was Tk. 17.35 lakh and Tk. 17.18 lakh in Rangpur and Barisal, respectively. While, total profit was 3.9 times more for Thai koi in Rangpur and it was about 1.7 times more in Barisal after IAPP-BFRI project implementation. Impact of improved germplasm on grow out system was estimated. Finding shows that before IAPP-BFRI project the average harvesting weight of tilapia fish was 122g but after using IAPP-BFRI germplasm, it increased to 194g in Rangpur district. In case of Thai Koi, the harvesting weight gain was 26% in Rangpur district and it was statistically significant at 1% level. Survey results also show that per acre profit was only Tk.86671 for Tilapia farming before IAPP whereas it was increased to Tk. 234853 after IAPP-BFRI intervention. At the same time, profit from Thai Koi was increased about 189% after IAPPBFRI activities. Similarly, profit was increased about 86% in case of Pangus farming and this positive impact was statistically significant at 1% level. Therefore, it may conclude that, farmers can significantly increase Tilapia, Thai Koi and Pangus production as well as can maximize profit using IAPP technology.

The present  study  assessed  the effect of hot smoke  at 50-90°C  for  5-6 h
using  hard  sawdust  of  beech  wood  and  two  salt  levels  (10%  and  16%)  on
keeping  quality  of  grass  carp,  Ctenopharyngodon  idella,  fillets  stored  at
4±1°C.  Chemical composition, physiochemical aspects,  minerals and sensory
analysis were determined.
Results  showed  that,  the  mean  values  of  moisture,  proteins,  lipids,
carbohydrates,  ash,  calorific  value,  pH,  TVBN  and  TBA  were  78.11±0.69,
16.55±0.84,  2.31±0.01,  1.16±0.01,  1.87±0.01,  91.63±1.49,  6.55±0.01,
4.43±0.05  and  0.43±0.01,  respectively  for  raw  grass  carp;  while  it  was
recorded  48.22±0.23,  23.38±0.18,  13.88±0.11,  8.14±0.01,  6.38±0.09,
251.05±1.33,  6.15±0.05,  12.42±0.03  and  2.54±0.05,  respectively  for  hot
smoked  grass  carp  fillets  with  10%  salt  concentrations  and  48.01±0.23,
23.01±0.18,  14.66±0.17,  5.41±0.03,  8.50±0.03,  247.27±2.22,  5.52±0.03,
8.88±0.02,  2.04±0.07,  for  the  hot  smoked  grass  carp  fillets  with  16%  salt
concentrations,  respectively.  Mean  values  of  the  tested  minerals  and  heavy
metals (mg/100g,  on dry weight basis) of raw; hot smoked fillets with 10%
and  16%  salt  concentrations  were  as  follows:  Ca  (170±0.27,  233±1.11,
236±1.21);  K  (197±0.26,  349±3.01,  448±4.55),  P  (187±0.12,  343±3.33,
375±4.88),  Na  (93.80±0.35,  103±12.76,  115±12.77),  Cd  (0.07±0.001,
0.023±0.001,  0.020±0.001);  Cu  (1.33±0.01,  2.46±0.01,  3.46±0.04);  Fe
(25.15±0.47,  60.87±0.21,  69.23±1.31);  Mn  (0.98±0.01,  0.78±0.001,
0.76±0.02);  Ni  (0.64±0.003,  0.77±0.001,  0.60±0.001)  and  Zn  (9.92±0.51,
24.38±0.04,  18.80±0.05),  respectively.  Statistical  analyses  showed  that,
moisture,  pH  value,  TVBN  and  TBA  were  significantly  increased  with  the
increasing  storage  time,  while,  proteins,  lipids  and  ash  were  significantly
decreased.  Physicochemical  aspects  and  sensory  scores  showed  that,  16%
salted hot smoked fish was better than 10% with prolong  the  shelf life of hot
smoked grass carp to 40 days of cold storage.

Technology has politics and plays a role in societal governance. This article explores the fishing community of Karanrang island (Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia) to consider how fishing technologies reinforce existing power structures in the local informal governance system. Informal governance actors deploy the politics of technology in order to manage a socially problematic and environmentally destructive fishing economy. In the punggawa-sawi system of patron-client relationships, fishers are economically dependent on patrons, who supply them with fishing technologies like boats, bombs, and cyanide. The patrons themselves are embedded in a complex governance network, encompassing corrupt police and officials, importers, and live food fish traders. The politics of technology contribute to maintaining the local informal governance system of patron-client relationships. This paper draws upon theories from science and technology studies and network governance to argue that although ...

Technology has politics and plays a role in societal governance. This article explores the fishing community of Karanrang island (Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia) to consider how fishing technologies reinforce existing power structures in the local informal governance system. Informal governance actors deploy the politics of technology in order to manage a socially problematic and environmentally destructive fishing economy. In the punggawa-sawi system of patron-client relationships, fishers are economically dependent on patrons, who supply them with fishing technologies like boats, bombs, and cyanide. The patrons themselves are embedded in a complex governance network, encompassing corrupt police and officials, importers, and live food fish traders. The politics of technology contribute to maintaining the local informal governance system of patron-client relationships. This paper draws upon theories from science and technology studies and network governance to argue that although patron-client relationships are problematic in themselves, the politics of technology further maintain power imbalances.

The study was carried out in IAPP commanding areas from July to September 2015. A total of 8 hatchery and 240 farmers were selected for this study from Rangpur and Barisal region. About 153% Tilapia production increased which was from 34 to 86 lakh, which was 148% in Rangpur district. Thai koi production was increased about 320% in Rangpur and it was 152% in Barisal. It was observed that, per hatchery Tilapia profit was Tk. 17.35 lakh and Tk. 17.18 lakh in Rangpur and Barisal, respectively. While, total profit was 3.9 times more for Thai koi in Rangpur and it was about 1.7 times more in Barisal after IAPP-BFRI project implementation. Impact of improved germplasm on grow out system was estimated. Finding shows that before IAPP-BFRI project the average harvesting weight of tilapia fish was 122g but after using IAPP-BFRI germplasm, it increased to 194g in Rangpur district. In case of Thai Koi, the harvesting weight gain was 26% in Rangpur district and it was statistically significant at 1% level. Survey results also show that per acre profit was only Tk.86671 for Tilapia farming before IAPP whereas it was increased to Tk. 234853 after IAPP-BFRI intervention. At the same time, profit from Thai Koi was increased about 189% after IAPP-BFRI activities. Similarly, profit was increased about 86% in case of Pangus farming and this positive impact was statistically significant at 1% level. Therefore, it may conclude that, farmers can significantly increase Tilapia, Thai Koi and Pangus production as well as can maximize profit using IAPP technology.

A profilistic study on the socio-economic status of the fishermen community of Jamuna River under Sirajganj Sadar, was conducted for a period of 1 year and 6 months from August 2014 to February 2016 by employing PRP tools. A total sample of respondent was 120 families and head of the family was considered as respondents for accuracy of information. In this investigation information on fishing gears, fish diversity and social status such as education level, religion, age, occupation, housing condition, sanitary condition, electricity facilities and other facilities was studied. The surveyed result identified total 11 types on fishing net under 5 major groups of net of which Current jal, Chandi jal under the group of Gill net and Ber jal under Seine net group was responsible for large-scale caught. A total of 55 species under 44 genera and 28 families were identified from River Jamuna in the catches of different gears. Among different families Cyprinidae contributes highest number (10...

Lan honen helbururik garrantzitsuena, XIX. mendean euskal arrantzu sektorean hasitako aldaketa teknikoen sorrera eta bilakaera aztertzea da. Honen protagonistak lurrununtziak eta arraste sareak izango dira. Prozesu honen ezaugarriak eta ekarritako berrikuntza ugariak aztertuko ditugu; horien artean, arrantza eredu kapitalista berriaren agerpena garrantzitsuena izanik. Baina, horrez gain, arrantza berri eta moderno

A profilistic study on the socioeconomic status of the fishermen community of Jamuna River under Sirajganj Sadar, was conducted for a period of 1 year and 6 months from August 2014 to February 2016 by employing PRP tools. A total sample of respondent was 120 families and head of the family was considered as respondents for accuracy of information. In this investigation information on fishing gears, fish diversity and social status such as education level, religion, age, occupation, housing condition, sanitary condition, electricity facilities and other facilities was studied. The surveyed result identified total 11 types on fishing net under 5 major groups of net of which Current jal, Chandi jal under the group of Gill net and Ber jal under Seine net group was responsible for large-scale caught. A total of 55 species under 44 genera and 28 families were identified from River Jamuna in the catches of different gears. Among different families Cyprinidae contributes highest number (10 ...

Lan honen helbururik garrantzitsuena, XIX. mendean euskal arrantzu sektorean hasitako aldaketa teknikoen sorrera eta bilakaera aztertzea da. Honen protagonistak lurrununtziak eta arraste sareak izango dira. Prozesu honen ezaugarriak eta ekarritako berrikuntza ugariak aztertuko ditugu; horien artean, arrantza eredu kapitalista berriaren agerpena garrantzitsuena izanik. Baina, horrez gain, arrantza berri eta moderno