Entitlement Approach

What does it mean by the word “our”/”my-ness”/“my-dentity” or possedness(svatva) in the context of four Ls: Language, Labour, Land and Love ? The author of this paper has dealt with only two Ls: Language and Labour taking his cues from Raghunatha Siromoni and Karl Marx. My-dentity as a category does not depend on the exchange value as ascribed by the market economy, therefore the author has paraphrased “fit for use” (viniyogayogyata) as “use value” and it eradicates the self-other differences in the context of my-ness. The author is not talking about I-dentity or I-ness, but on my-dentity or my-ness, i.e., what “I” possesses or what belongs to “me”—my ownership, endowment, possessed-ness or rather entitlement . Thus this paper is a psychoanalytic shift from the individual ego to the possession of ego as imagined and symbolized. This paper starts with some problematic questions: Do “I” possesses something or something is imposed upon my I-dentity or as my “own” following certain rules of socio-cultural or politico-economic legitimacy? As a homo sapiens, except my supposed genetic endowment, do I have something as my “own”? Do I have my ownership of four Ls in the context or locus of this planet or universe ? Then what is about the legal entitlement as proposed by Amartya Sen? Without questioning the stipulated value ascribed to a currency note, Sen puts “etc.” at the beginning of the exchange process .This is the paradox of his framework as it leads to fallacy of infinite regress.The author elaborates his arguments by following age old dialogic forms.He concludes his paper by following Derrida and by introducing the concepts of Anti-Grammar, n-glossia, Bhasa-samavaya.
Note: This paper is an elaborated English version of the Bangla paper "On My-ness and Economic Entitlement" paper ID: 2032594. Therefore, the abstract is same.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 21

Keywords: my-dentity/my-ness, linguistic entitlement, svatva,“gift” or zakat, governmentality, nihsvatva, baikhari, madhyama, pasyanti, paravak, Bhasa-samavaya, n-glossia, reverse mimicry,anti-grammar =grammEr

This short communication argues that Arrow’s Social Choice Theory, popularly known as the Arrow Impossibility Theorem (AIT), is a misnomer. For, rational social choices are perfectly possible within Arrow’s own conceptual framework. Using Locke’s theory of human understanding, the paper additionally highlights why ordinary academics fail to see this obvious truth.

The article dismisses most of the objections previously forwarded in this journal by Khandakar Qudrat-I Elahi against Amartya Sen's framework for famine analysis: the entitlement approach. Instead, the article argues that even 30 years after the conception of the entitlement approach, it remains a potent framework for famine analysis, as illustrated by the recent 2005 famine in Niger. However, as contemporary famines are increasingly linked to factors that have hitherto received limited attention in entitlement analysis - conflicts, legal collapses and political struggles - the article calls for supplementary famine analysis on the meso and macro levels.

This paper examines access to health care by poorer residents in Chennai, India. It reveals constraining and enabling conditions for impoverished users seeking treatment. We explore patterns of health-seeking behaviour through the reasoning of residents themselves as well as stakeholders involved in providing care for these users. Particular attention is paid to the needy residents’ preference for private health care providers despite the costs involved and that free public facilities are available. We address this issue by combining Sen’s entitlement approach with Penchansky and Thomas’ work on access to health care. Based on data gathered in a qualitative field-based research design including interviews with 14 residents and 58 stakeholders involved in caring for poor people, we argue that the availability of health care facilities within walking distance is a necessary but not sufficient precondition for satisfactory access. Rather, we demonstrate the influence of ‘entitlements to health care’ which allow poor households that are endowed with resources such as income, knowledge and social networks to realise access. The narratives we present reveal not only experiences of health care, but also feelings about its utilisation. The latter, we contend, are crucial in determining choice of health care facilities. This finding suggests that analyses of affordability and physical access to health care in less developed countries should include a focus on emotional dimensions of utilisation. In other words, there is a need to consider not only effective access to health care, but also affective dimensions of treatment for poorer citizens.

En el 2000, el Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora inició una propuesta novedosa a fin de dar contenido más sólido a las acciones de cooperación internacional de nuestro país. Entre otras acciones, el Instituto Mora inauguró la maestría en Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, cuyos resultados han sido la formación de recursos humanos altamente calificados, que se han integrado exitosamente a las diversas instancias públicas o privadas encargadas de la cooperación internacional de México.

En segundo lugar, el Instituto Mora se ha dado a la tarea de desarrollar una interpretación teórica sobre el papel de la cooperación internacional desde la perspectiva mexicana, lo que tiene, entre otros fines, reducir en la medida de lo posible la dependencia de las producciones de otras regiones y países, sin excluirlos, buscando entablar un diálogo entre la interpretación mexicana de la cooperación internacional y los diversos análisis de los actores más relevantes en el mundo.

Los Cuadernos de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo buscan ofrecer un espacio de divulgación y expansión de la cultura de la cooperación internacional, vinculado a los procesos y los problemas del desarrollo. Se presentan como textos, material de apoyo y manuales de trabajo, auxiliares en el aprendizaje de las temáticas y la gestión de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo. También buscan abrir un espacio para la divulgación de la práctica y el debate nacional e internacional sobre los problemas actuales, los actores, los temas y las areas de mayor interés de la cooperación internacional y el desarrollo, en México y el mundo. Por tal motivo, van dirigidos a los profesionales de la cooperación internacional, gestores, facilitadores, funcionarios públicos, estudiantes y personas que inician su inmersión en la materia.

En este contexto, el Instituto Mora y el Departamento de Estudios Internacionales (DEI), de la Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA), presentan este número de los Cuadernos de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo, que busca interesar a los estudiantes de la material de cooperación internacional, a los profesionales de la gestión, a los diseñadores de política pública, a los facilitadores y al público en general, sobre los debates más actuales en el ámbito de la cooperación internacional.

En esta ocasión se presenta Tres acciones de cooperación internacional para promover la seguridad alimentaria, la sustentabilidad agrícola y la superación de la pobreza en el México rural, de la autoría de Horacio Rodríguez Vázquez y Sarah Gammage. Este texto invita al lector a comprender el enfoque de titularidades y capacidades derivadas del paradigma del desarrollo humano; en este caso, desde el análisis de la pequeña agricultura en México. También ofrece un amplio estudio de la situación de la pobreza rural en México en el contexto de las profundas desigualdades socioeconómicas, así como de las causas que han sido acentuadas por el entorno global, la fluctuación de los precios y el cambio climático.

Haciendo una revisión teórico-conceptual de las titularidades, las capacidades individuales, la pobreza y la seguridad alimentaria, se posiciona el análisis de estas variables en la población rural mexicana más vulnerable a la inseguridad alimentaria, debate que es sustentado con fuentes fidedignas. Asimismo, en la búsqueda del vínculo entre la pobreza rural y la inseguridad alimentaria, los autores nos muestran que el problema no es tanto una falta de recursos, sino la carencia de medios, así como una serie de decisiones políticas mal tomadas para garantizar las titularidades y las capacidades de los agricultores. Es decir, nuevamente el problema de la desigualdad merma en las diferentes esferas productivas y capas socioeconómicas de la población mexicana.

La perspectiva de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo es abordada desde tres acciones concretas que dan título a este volumen, y que se basan en las experiencias de organizaciones multilaterales especializadas que involucran recursos financieros y técnicos nacionales, fortalecen las capacidades institucionales locales y utilizan herramientas de la cooperación técnica y financiera en acciones específicas relacionadas con la seguridad alimentaria. Esto, no sin reiterar que la responsabilidad de solucionar la pobreza rural, garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo sostenible es responsabilidad de las políticas públicas nacionales y que la cooperación solamente coadyuva a su fortalecimiento.

Del mismo modo, aspectos como el desarrollo local, las capacidades locales y los liderazgos, tomados en gran medida del paradigma del desarrollo de capacidades, demuestran que el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio, número 1, sobre la erradicación de la pobreza, no podrá ser alcanzado si no se logra reducir la pobreza rural.

Desde el Instituto Mora y el Departamento de Estudios Internacionales de la UIA, esperamos que esta investigación contribuya a la consolidación del bagaje colectivo en materia de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo y sus diversos temas, a la vez que se constituya en un espacio para el diálogo, el debate, el intercambio de opiniones, de cara a la construcción de una voz mexicana consistente, sólida y argumentada en la materia, y sobre el papel que debe asumir el país en un sistema internacional cada vez más complejo.



Javier Urbano Reyes y Citlali Ayala Martínez

Disasterassessmentisquitecomplicatedconsideringthenatureofthedisasterandmethodological ambiguitygeneratedduetodifferentguidelinesofdifferentinstitutions.Thisstudyanalyzedvarious availabletechniquesand,afterthat,proposedamodeltoestimatebothdirectandindirectlosseswith asingleequation.Thestudyusedmultidisciplinarytoolsandtechniquestoassessthe2017floodin amicro-levelareainBangladesh.Theanalysisfoundthatthefloodinundatingaround78.37%of thearea,damagedcrops,andvariousinfrastructures.Thecostofdamagesaccountsfor2.44%ofthe incomeofthepeople,whereastheyexperiencea21.49%reductionintheiryearlyincome.Thestudy explainshowafloodcreatesobstaclesinaccessingland,labor,andcapitalinsuchawaythatpeople experiencesignificantlossesintheirincome,beyondthedamage.Hence,iftheseaccessfactorscan bekeptoperatingduringanydisaster,ahugeamountoflosscanbeavoided.Thestudyattheend proposedasolutiontoovercomesuchlosses.

through which access is negotiated ) to better understand implications and outcomes for water quality, affordability, health, and equity concerns . If we take these broader studies seriously regarding the diverse pathways and modalities of water access, we can appreciate the possibility that extending and improving access need not rely entirely on infrastructural improvements, but might also involve social and institutional considerations, as well as efforts to work with existing modalities of access to improve water quality, reliability, and affordability. In this sense, needed improvements might be realized by recognizing existing modes of access, and working with those structures and opportunities, which would likely include, but not be limited to, municipal piped infrastructure (cf. Bakker, 2003). In Accra, specifically, it has been noted that the piped water network is often erratic and unreliable, leading residents to engage in diverse coping strategies such as shared connections, informal resale and vending, or illegal tapping of pipelines . In addition to the ways that unreliable infrastructure leads residents to engage in a range of informal connections and relationships to ensure access, other studies further suggest that the ways in which the poor access water affects the quality of water, also complicating the very definition of what 'access' might mean . For instance, Songsore (2008, p. 8) suggests that "given the widespread practice of unhygienic water handling and storage in deprived lowincome areas, it is not enough to focus on bringing "water to the tap"; what is happening "between the tap and the mouth" is also critical in determining health outcomes". Mahama et al.

The various crises of 20 th century are still alarming the present era. Developing working models or action plans to combat these crises is the need of the time. In this context the existing philosophies, theories and the approaches can be referred to innovate new ways to combat these crises. This paper focuses on the point that the 'Entitlement Approach' of Prof. Amartya Sen, which analyzes poverty and famine, can be applied in the field of education to involve the students of colleges and universities to combat present crises through valuable social work. The application of the 'Entitlement Approach' in the field of education demands interdisciplinary approach in teaching and framing of the curriculum. The paper presents that how the interdisciplinary approach in teaching, leads to the development of effective understanding among students. The paper finally presents that how the 'entitlement approach' to education can contribute to the development of a healthy atmosphere in colleges and universities.

There is no question that transparency is an essential element of effective philanthropy.  Foundation-grantee relationships are enhanced by mutual transparency and impeded by opaque practice.  However, there are questions about the legitimacy of certain external stakeholders, beyond grantee partners, in private philanthropy.  Further, there are unique advantages to the specific setting in which private philanthropy exists.  Such advantages include the ability to shield grant decisions from unwanted, unhelpful outside influences and political considerations, as well as the ability to take big risks in pursuit of innovation.  Private foundations, and their grantee partners, can take risks and fail without damaging their public reputations or injuring prospects for future grant making capacity.  In this specific regard, are there benefits to opaque practice with certain external parties?

Im Schweizer Kanton Glarus herrschte nicht erst im 'Hungerjahr' 1816/17 große Not, sondern bereits in den beiden Jahrzehnten davor, seit 1798. Ein wesentlicher Grund war die Massenarbeitslosigkeit der Baumwoll-Handspinner, die neu durch Spinnmaschinen konkurrenziert wurden. Der Blick auf Hunger jenseits von Missernte-Jahren zeigt, wie wichtig Arbeitslosigkeit und 'Hungerlöhne' für die Geschichte von Hunger und Armut sind.