Energetics

The paper presents novel tools for model-based control system design based on FMI/FMU standard (Functional Mock-up Interface / Unit). It is focused on application of FMI standard for easy integration of control system development cycle starting with Model-in-the-Loop (MIL) simulation and finishing with Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation. It is shown, how the Functional Mock-up Units (FMU) containing dynamic differential-algebraic equations of various parts of the device (mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, thermal, etc.) can be easily deployed to unified simulation environment where the control system is designed, consequently. The procedure allows to combine inputs from various Modelica-based tools at the process model side, utilizing power of Matlab/Simulink for design, analysis and optimization of control system and perform final test via HIL scenario where both the model and control system are simulated in real-time on separated HW units. The pros and cons of both FMI concepts...

Self-aggregation of mixed binary nonionic and ionic surfactants comprising N -methyl-N -decanoyl glucamide (MEGA 10) and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C 12 -, C 14 -, and C 16 TAB) has been investigated in detail by different physical methods. The counter-ion binding, aggregation number, and polarity of the mixed micelles have been determined. The results have been analyzed in the light of the theories of Rubingh and Maeda. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellization process have been evaluated and discussed. The interfacial adsorptions of the mixed amphiphiles including their surface excesses and head-group areas have also been evaluated. Based on the head-group areas, the overall shapes of the mixed micelles have been predicted from the estimation of the amphiphile packing parameters.

The addition of trimetazidine to standard treatment has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study is to non-invasively assess, by means of in vivo 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P-MRS), the effects of trimetazidine on LV cardiac phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio in patients with heart failure. Methods and results Twelve heart failure patients were randomized in a double-blind, cross-over study to placebo or trimetazidine (20 mg t.i.d.) for two periods of 90 days. At the end of each period, all patients underwent exercise testing, 2D echocardiography, and MRS. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, ejection fraction (EF), maximal rate-pressure product, and metabolic equivalent system (METS) were evaluated. Relative concentrations of PCr and ATP were determined by cardiac 31 P-MRS. On trimetazidine, NYHA class decreased from 3.04 + 0.26 to 2.45 + 0.52 (P ¼ 0.005), whereas EF (34 + 10 vs. 39 + 10%, P ¼ 0.03) and METS (from 7.44 + 1.84 to 8.78 + 2.72, P ¼ 0.03) increased. The mean cardiac PCr/ATP ratio was 1.35 + 0.33 with placebo, but was increased by 33% to 1.80 + 0.50 (P ¼ 0.03) with trimetazidine. Conclusion Trimetazidine improves functional class and LV function in patients with heart failure. These effects are associated to the observed trimetazidine-induced increase in the PCr/ATP ratio, indicating preservation of the myocardial high-energy phosphate levels.

Information-theoretic notion of entropy (in Shannon sense) is a versatile avenue in analyzing bioinformatic details as well as in mining data pertinent to molecular biology. Also, the informatics of bio-and medical-imaging can be comprehended via entropy considerations. Presented in this paper is a comprehensive review on salient methods, newer techniques and open-questions on unexplored efforts vis-à-vis the entropy principles cast on bioinformatic computations and bio-/medicalimage informatics. Supplementing energetics algorithms are indicated

Rawinsonde data collected from the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) were used to investigate the mean and temporal characteristics of large-scale heat and moisture budgets for a 2-week period in June 1992. During this period a large apparent heat sink and an apparent moisture source were observed near inversion base. Analyses from other budget studies show that similar convective signatures occur in a wide variety of regimes when trade wind-type inversions are present. In the lowest kilometer the vertical eddy flux of moist static energy over the ASTEX domain (centered at 33ЊN with an average sea surface temperature of 19.4ЊC) is about 60% of that observed in the undisturbed trade wind regime of BOMEX (centered at 15ЊN with an average sea surface temperature of 28.1ЊC). The apparent heat source, apparent moisture sink, and convective flux of moist static energy over ASTEX were strongly modulated on a synoptic timescale by the passage of fronts and by fluctuations in the subsidence rate associated with changes in the strength and position of the subtropical high. The influence of midlatitude disturbances on convection over ASTEX further distinguishes this region from the trade wind and tropical regimes. Daily budgets are examined for three different convective regimes during ASTEX to determine the mechanisms contributing to the large synoptic variability over this region.

The factors influencing the basal rate of metabolism (BMR) in 639 species of mammals include body mass, food habits, climate, habitat, substrate, a restriction to islands or highlands, use of torpor, and type of reproduction. They collectively account for 98.8% of the variation in mammalian BMR, but often interact in complex ways. The factor with the greatest impact on BMR, as always, is body mass (accounting for 96.8% of its variation), the extent of its impact reflecting the 10 6.17-fold range of mass in measured species. The attempt to derive mathematically the power relationship of BMR in mammals is complicated by the necessity to include all of the factors that influence BMR that are themselves correlated with body mass. BMR also correlates with taxonomic affiliation because many taxa are distinguished by their ecological and behavioral characteristics. Phylogeny, reflecting previous commitments, may influence BMR either through a restriction on the realized range of behaviors or by opening new behavioral and ecological opportunities. A new opportunity resulted from the evolution by eutherians of a type of reproduction that permitted species feeding on high quality resources to have high BMRs. These rates facilitated high rates of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between a pregnant eutherian and her placental offspring. This pattern led to high rates of reproduction in some eutherians, a response denied all monotremes and marsupials, thereby permitting eutherians to occupy cold-temperate and polar environments and to dominate other mammals in all environments to which ecologically equivalent eutherians had access.

Marsupial and eutherian mammals inactivate one X chromosome in female somatic cells in what is thought to be a means of compensating for the unbalanced X chromosome dosage between XX females and XY males. The hypothesis of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was first published by Mary Lyon just over 50 years ago, with the discovery of XCI in marsupials occurring a decade later. However, we are still piecing together the evolutionary origins of this fascinating epigenetic mechanism. From the very first studies on marsupial X inactivation, it was apparent that, although there were some similarities between marsupial and eutherian XCI, there were also some striking differences. For instance, the paternally derived X was found to be preferentially silenced in marsupials, although the silencing was often incomplete, which was in contrast to the random and more tightly controlled inactivation of the X chromosome in eutherians. Many of these earlier studies used isozymes to study the activity of just a few genes in marsupials. The sequencing of several marsupial genomes and the advent of molecular cytogenetic techniques have facilitated more in-depth studies into marsupial X chromosome inactivation and allowed more detailed comparisons of the features of XCI to be made. Several important findings have come from such comparisons, among which is the absence of the XIST gene in marsupials, a non-coding RNA gene with a critical role in eutherian XCI, and the discovery of the marsupial RSX gene, which appears to perform a similar role to XIST. Here I review the history of marsupial XCI studies, the latest advances that have been made and the impact they have had towards unravelling the evolution of XCI in mammals.

Energetics as a science of energy transformations studies how to exploit and apply various energy resources. In the economy, the energy sector is mostly characterized by the oligopolistic market system, whose competitiveness is the basic precondition for market liberalization. The focus of this research paper is on the Polish energy system, whose structure has changed significantly since the early 1990s. The biggest problem and threat to the Polish energy system is the huge import dependence on Russia, from which gas through the gas pipeline Yamal comes to Poland and also supplies the market of Western Europe. To reduce the dependence on Russian energy sources, the Swinoujscie LNG terminal was built, the largest Polish energy company PGNiG took over majority ownership over Yamal gas pipeline, and in the end Poland would import American gas into the LNG terminal. However, PGNiG, because of the lower cost, complements its energy market by Russian gas. Mutual 'games' between the two largest energy companies, Polish PGNiG and Russian Gazprom, are presented through game theory. In the analysis, game theory finds optimal solutions and presents all available strategies. Two forms of game theory are presented: non-cooperative game in the form of a ‘prisoner’s dilemma’, and a cooperative game.

When platypuses are in their burrows, microhabitat is of great importance for energy conservation, especially where air temperatures frequently fall below freezing in winter. In this study, we investigated burrow temperatures of platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) living at a sub-alpine Tasmanian lake. Nine individual platypuses were equipped with time-depth recorders with integrated temperature sensors measuring ambient temperature. Burrow temperatures were recorded in two minute intervals for a total of 61 resting periods (duration: 5.45 to 27.20 hours) and were averaged over the period of resting. Mean burrow temperatures were 17.5 and 14.2°C (SD=2.76 and 0.89, respectively, n=9) in summer and winter, respectively, and ranged between 12.2 and 22.8°C for individual resting periods. In winter, burrow temperatures were held fairly constant over the resting period while in summer larger variations were observed. Burrow temperature in winter was found to be up to 18°C higher than outside air temperature.

An improved understanding of the metabolic physiology of larval spiny lobsters will aid the development of spiny lobster propagation. The study describes an intermittent flow-through respirometer system for larval crustaceans and discusses its benefits over typical static respirometry methods. The technique is used to determine the standard metabolic rate of the nektonic puerulus stage of the spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi. Respiration rates of intermoult pueruli (n=5) were determined every 20 min for 16 h. Pueruli metabolism was elevated for 2 h after introduction to the respirometer chamber due to the effects of transfer stress. Thereafter, metabolic rates fluctuated due to spontaneous activity. S. verreauxi pueruli mean standard metabolic rate, determined as the lowest 10% of metabolic recordings, was 0.39 ±0.03 mg h -1 gDW -1 . This is substantially lower than previous recordings of Panulirus cygnus pueruli metabolism using static methodologies. The lower recorded metabolism of S. verreauxi appears due to the use of improved methods which allowed the exclusion of measurements elevated by stress or activity. The results of the current study demonstrate that the standard metabolism of pueruli is substantially reduced to previous recordings of pueruli routine metabolism. Pueruli may have reduced metabolism due to lower maintenance costs associated with lecithotrophy which may be a mechanism of preserving energy during the non-feeding stage. Lower maintenance costs would help pueruli achieve the energetic challenge of swimming from open-ocean to find suitable benthic substrate.

Dezvoltarea activităţilor cu caracter energetic de-a lungul timpului a cunoscut diferite stadii de organizare a acestora, mergând de la caracterul separat al rezolvării aprovizionării cu agenţi energetici de către fiecare consumator, până la stadiul actual al organizării de tip sistem, permis de posibilităţile tehnice de realizare a instalaţiilor, impus de cerinţele de siguranţă în funcţionare şi de eficienţă economică [3]. Sistemul energetic (SE) cuprinde ansamblul activităţilor de producere şi distribuţie a energiei de toate formele, organizate pe un anumit teritoriu (regional, naţional, continental).

Those who are on the path to Ascension, nowadays probably find the urge to often go WITHIN and explore the deeper side of their consciousness. The Light of consciousness has accelerated (at the same time, giving rise to the acceleration of time [134-136] that is commensurate with the upshift of planetary and personal natural frequency of consciousness vibration). There is now a tendency for transfiguration, translocation, eventually leading to transmigration of our consciousness to the higher dimensions with the intermediatory visitations of the Zero-Point Field. It is clear that there is now an outpour of Cosmic Light of Consciousness from the 6th Harmonic Universe, the 7 Higher Heavens, and the Cosmic Divine Rays emanating from the Trinity of the Godhead that include the Emerald Order, The Amethyst Order and the Gold Order, containing the highly potent plasmic Light of Aurora that is purposed to re-encrypt our damaged and reversed morphogenetic system, as well as clearing and cleansing our bioenergetics system of the alien AI genetic implants and mutations caused by the Black Goo [137-138] as well as the Miasma [139] contaminating our consciousness field that epitomizes a byproduct ‘exhaust effect’ of the negative aliens AI machinery. It is clear that many windows have opened to the higher dimensions of consciousness and that there are countless benevolent Light beings who currently have an active presence in the consciousness field of Earth trying to help with the process of Earth-humanity Ascension, including having readily access to one’s future selves and the HIGHERSELF. These spiritual identities currently are striving to guide humanity to ‘awaken’ [140] from their ‘amnesia’ traditionally imposed by the negative aliens, as well as providing humanity with spiritual guidance towards attaining a higher-expanded consciousness [141-143]. And, if you are among the spiritual educators who strive to awaken and spiritually enlighten the public, especially by trying to relay such divine messages to the public, especially via producing tutorials and written materials for the public, no doubt you would be indulging in such higher dimensional discourse and communications, leading to aspired publications for your fellow human beings. As a result, you often find your energies highly focused on such pure higher consciousness sojourns that epitomize visiting higher dimensional space-times. And, for those of you who spend a great deal of time in spiritual meditation, you will find yourself in a similar situation of expending a considerable amount of your energies converted to pure free flow, with your quanta of energy spinning at increased velocity (or acceleration) to visit such higher dimensional planes. And, if you are doing this for an extended time, you may find that you will put your bodies in a more deprived congealed energetic state due to its conversion to free flow energies of potent (high frequency) consciousness. As a result, as you return back to synchronize your congealed physical and free flow consciousness energetic, you may experience a new form of Ascension Symptom pertinent to feeling ‘ungrounded.’ This paper discusses such a new uncompromising energetic state and how to go about it to synchronize your physical and spiritual energies.  Finally, a simple exercise is suggested for sharpening you skills, acting on everything from the Zero-Point Field that serves to add to your tranquility, calmness, seeing pixels of reality with clarity as to experience your consciousness embodiment and life non-judgmentally and from a point of neutrality, acumen, and utter intelligence.

This book, explores a subject of growing significance. Acknowledging that the use of monetary value as a measuring rod is of limited applicability in assessing environmental and resource questions, "Ecological Economics" focuses instead on the crucial role played by the flows of energy and materials in the economy. Despite the dramatic increase in attention paid to ecological economics by mainstream economists since the first energy crisis of the early 1970s the subject is by no means as new as is often supposed. On the contrary, as Dr Martinez-Alier shows, it has a long and distinguished history and an extensive literature, much of it generated by the physicists, biologists and chemists of the 19th century. His discussion of these writers brings into the open for the first time a tradition of investigation and analysis which is of great contemporary relevance.

TAGS
Agricultural energetics. The 'entropy law' and the economic process. Social-darwinism and ecology. Ecological and pecuniary economics. 'Social engineering' and the 'history of the future'. 'Modern' agriculture: a source of energy? Ethanol form sugar cane. The energy cost of modernizing chinese agriculture. The energy balances of Spanish agriculture (1950s - 1970s). Boussingault, liebig, guano and agrarian chemistry. The history of agricultural energitics: podolinsky. One of the Narodniki. Eduard Sacher's formulation of Podolinsky's principle. Rudolf Clausius: 'On the energy stocks in nature'. The electrical revolution. The club of ideologists. The kaiser's birthday. The coal question. Patrick geddes' critique of economics. Ruskin and geddes. An ecological critique of industrial urbanization. The carrying capacity of the earth, according to pfaundler. The energy cost of horizontal transport. The availability of energy and the energy requirements of humankind. Limits of the growth of food production. A simple account of the second law of thermodynamics. Henry adams''Law of acceleration' in the use of energy. Life against entropy. Soddy's critique of the theory of economic growth. Lancelot Hogben v. Hayek. Methodological individualism and inter-generational allocation. Neo-corporatist and neo-liberal macro-economics. Externalities. Max Weber's chrematistic critique of wilhelm ostwald. Ecological utopianism: popper-lynkeus nad ballod-atlanticus. The history of the future. Marxism and ecology. Political epilogue.

Uzemljenje stubova srednjenaponskih vodova SN  Osnovni kriterijumi za dimenzionisanje uzemljenja stubova su: 1) zaštita od povratnih preskoka pri udaru groma u stub ili zaštitni provodnik (zaštitno uže, ako postoji); 2) zaštita od napona dodira; 3) toplotna naprezanja temelja stuba pri zemljospoju; 4) pouzdano delovanje zemljospojne zaštite.  Kriterijum 1) -zaštita od povratnih preskoka ne tretira preskoke na izolaciji duž voda pri udaru groma u fazne provodnike, što je kod SN vodova bez zaštitnih provodnika mnogo verovatnije  I dok po kriterijumu 1) niža vrednost otpornosti uzemljenja stuba smanjuje verovatnoću pojave povratnih preskoka, u drugom slučaju niže vrednosti otpornosti uzemljenja stubova povećavaju verovatnoću pojave preskoka pri udaru groma u fazne provodnike, ali apsorbuju energiju pražnjenja duž voda i tako štite dragocenu opremu u TS, posebno energetske transformatore

Laser hardening is a surface treatment method which is successfully used especially when localized hardening of surface is desired. The correct choice of laser hardening parameters must be verified experimentally because the fundamentals of the process rest in structural changes of the material, namely the phase composition and real structure such as appropriate state of residual stress. X-ray diffraction represents the experimental method that has the capability to give these parameters non-destructively in the thin surface layer. In our study, the focus was to ascertain the effect of laser beam width on the depth distribution of residual stresses. The diffraction approach was thus combined with hole-drilling method. The obtained results from both the methods show that the depth distributions of residual stresses have advantageous hook-like shape with tensile stresses on the surface, gradually decreasing to compressive stresses in the depth of approximately 0.3 mm beneath the surface. This is beneficial for prolongation of service life of the industrial components.

This manuscript discusses an unfortunate problem eventuated by the so-called 'New Age' in this auspicious time of Pre-Ascension in which a group of apathetic and narcissistic individuals in 'service to self only' who are not properly spiritually awakened-enlightened themselves and who do not have any appreciation for the true significance of the Law of One, under the pretense of being "readers," "past life regression analyst," "exorcists," multidimensional "healers" and facilitators, "Ascension Coaches," Light Body-DNA "Activators," and generally "spiritual masters-teachers," have selfishly embarked on hitching a ride on the bandwagon of securing 'easy money' for themselves by financially preying on their fellow humans. In particular, in the case of the latter ("Ascension Coaches" and Light Body-DNA "Activators") with the contention that they can conjure up high and extra dimensional beings such as "Ascended Master," Arc-Angels" (particularly Metatron) and such things as"28 Star Nations Higher Beings," and "13 Star Nation Guardians," etc., it is perilous to become fallen under the spell of the negative aliens, as the seances these imposters conduct may be described as quasi Luciferian or Satanic Abuse Rituals that may involve directly or inadvertently recruiting victims for 'tagging' and constant future parasitic-vampiric attachments and possessions, preying upon their precious organic energies. Furthermore, all this involves drastic derailment from the Ascension path and process where the victims are actually seeking to receive some spiritual guidance also leading to their Light Body-DNA activations.

La saga des Chevaucheurs du Vent est née indépendamment d'une relation consciente à François Brousse, auquel ce nouveau colloque rend une nouvelle fois hommage. Elle s'est inscrite de prime abord dans une perspective anthroposophique. Le motif le plus saillant de la trame romanesque en est sans doute cette dualité au sein des forces des ténèbres qui s'opposent à l'humanité et à ses héros. Je parle des forces que Rudolf Steiner qualifie « d'arhimaniennes », en référence au côté sombre d'Ahura-Mazda, et des forces « lucifériennes ». Dans Les Chevaucheurs, la graphie d'Arhiman est décomposée en trois syllabes « Ar-i-Mâhn » suggérant, si l'on veut, la triple influence de ce dernier sur les trois canaux énergétiques Ida, Pingala, Suchumna ou les trois énergies Yin, Yang et divine. Lucifer n'est nommé qu'à travers des périphrases comme le « Voleur de Lumière » ou « le Serpent des nuées » qui sont autant de titres pompeux manifestant le suprême orgueil de cette entité tout en caractérisant son action. L'aventure que constitue la rédaction du premier volume de cette saga que j'ai intitulé « L'héritage d'Eliumangar » a intégré des thèmes plus particulièrement chers à François Brousse. L'exemple le plus manifeste en est sans doute l'aventure initiatique de Geirya. La jeune héroïne traverse en effet des épisodes parfois incongrus qui permettent de décrire des éléments iconographiques ou plus largement symboliques des archétypes du tarot et son aventure se déroule à travers des mondes parallèles étranges ; son retour étant décidé par les Seigneurs Juges du Karma. Ce roman d'inspiration anthroposophique et broussienne s'inscrit dans la veine de l'Heroic Fantasy anglo-saxonne.

I argue in this essay that Derrida understood the logic operative in Freud’s thinking over the course of his entire life in a way that justifies my showing its presence in Freud’s earliest neurological texts. I show that in their radicality: an interactionist neurology based on inscription and archiving, opposition to the 19th century cortico-centrism (and the homunculus model of psychic sovereignty), and an opposition to traditional “localizationism” the Freudian model of the brain and mind would have advanced the understanding of the mental “archive” about a hundred years before this upheaval took place in neuroscience.
In Mal d’archive Derrida brings Freud’s logic into dialogue with Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, author of Freud’s Moses: Judaism Terminable and Interminable (1993). Yerushalmi’s argument, based on his reading of the dedication Freud’s father inscribed on the Bible that he returned to his adult son, amounts to this question: how best to take seriously the idea that psychoanalysis is, or was, a Jewish science? What does it mean to create a “Jewish” science; how is a Jewish science different from a Christian science, or a Muslim science? In various studies on Freud, Derrida proposes responses to Yerushalmi’s question (Mal d’Archive, Être juste avec Freud, and La bête et le souverain II). I examine these herein.

Sexual segregation is best known in sexually dimorphic ungulates. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of sexual segregation in ungulates, but all are reducible to the influence of two factors: body size and sex-specific reproductive strategy. Definitive tests of these hypotheses are lacking in ungulates because these factors are confounded, all males being somewhat larger than females. Kangaroos represent a parallel radiation of terrestrial herbivores, but their populations are composed of a spectrum of adult body sizes, ranging from small males the same size as females to large males more than twice the size. We exploited this heteromorphism to assess the independent influences of size and sex in these ungulate analogues. We conducted a preliminary study of western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) in north-western Victoria, Australia. Adult males predominately occupied grassland habitat, whereas females occurred mostly in lakebed, woodland and shrubland...

It has been widely recognized that for many cultures the prominent display of wealth by an emerging elite is of fundamental importance to the expression and maintenance of social hierarchy. Participation in this practice of conspicuous consumption provides a vital means of creating and preserving the positions of power and authority held by the higher status members of society by demonstrating their access to superior resources. This approach has been successfully applied to the study of state formation in Bronze Age Greece, where great emphasis has been placed upon the role of the acquisition and production of luxury artifacts such as pottery, metal and stone vases, jewelry and weapons. Yet, these objects do not represent the only means through which this competition was engaged. Perhaps the most visible means of exhibiting wealth in a conspicuous manner is through large-scale public construction, which serves both to advertise the superior wealth and power of its builder(s) and to act as a mechanism that attracts labor and prestige away from the smaller social units with whom its owners are in competition.

The present study examines the function of monumental architecture as an instrument of conspicuous consumption at Late Bronze Age Mycenae and evaluates its role as a driving force in the processes of social stratification and state formation. It demonstrates that the evolution of monumental building practices at the site in the Early Mycenaean period can be divided into three distinct stages, each of which is characterized by the adoption of a new type of monumental construction: the shaft grave, in the late MH-LH II period; the tholos tomb, in the LH II-IIIA:1 period; and the palace, in the LH IIIA:1-2 period. Each new building category is examined from a number of different qualitative and quantitative perspectives (e.g., function [funerary vs. non-funerary], location, materials and techniques of construction, amount of labor investment required), and on the basis of these analyses, it is argued that the changes evident in the application of monumental architecture at Mycenae both reflected and inspired corresponding changes in the sociopolitical system that produced them.

It has long been observed that emerging élites utilize the practice of conspicuous consumption as a means of expressing and maintaining their positions of power and authority. Perhaps the most obvious application of this practice can be seen in the use of large-scale architecture, which provides those élite with both the means through which to produce a lasting testament to their wealth and power and a mechanism by which to attract the prestige and resources from their competitors. The fertile world of the southern Peloponnese during the late Middle Bronze and early Late Bronze Age provides one example of such a process at work. Here, over the course of several generations, small segments of the native population succeeded in transforming the socio-political landscape from one inhabited by a rural, largely isolated people to one characterized by a series of palace centres whose products, influence and perhaps even inhabitants stretched across the central and eastern Mediterranean. While this process of state formation continued at different rates and in a variety of manners in different areas of the Peloponnese and Central Greece, its course can be divided into three broad phases in the Argolid. During the first phase, the so-called Shaft Grave period (i.e., late MH through LH I/II), despite the absence of true monumental architecture, there are clear indications of an exponential growth in the wealth and status of individuals at the site of Mycenae through the construction of elaborate graves and the deposition of exotic and rich burial goods in Grave Circle B. The second phase, which covers the period roughly LH II-LH IIIA:1, sees a shift in the method of burial, marked by the introduction of the first instance of monumental architecture in the area: the tholos tomb, a large corbel-vaulted structure whose monumentality, already evident in its design and size, was frequently enhanced through the incorporation of ashlar masonry elements. The final phase, which spans roughly LH IIIA:1 through LH IIIB and which is characterized by the first certain appearance of palatial structures, is marked by both a switch in the technique of constructing monumental walls, from ashlar to Cyclopean masonry, and a shift in the types of structures to which this monumentality was applied. The present paper attempts to show how this evolution in architectural practice reflects concurrent changes in the socio-political system which produced these monuments.

México, como muchos otros países ricos en recursos naturales, sustenta gran parte de su desarrollo económico y social en su riqueza energética y,  en épocas recientes, el gobierno enfocó sus esfuerzos en para el desarrollo de hidrocarburos en yacimientos no convencionales (shale gas/oil -gas lutitas-),  Sin embargo, es importante dimensionar y evitar los impactos ambientales relacionados con la producción del gas y aceite proveniente de yacimientos no convencionales, en particular en cuanto al uso y reciclaje de agua para la fracturación hidráulica, la correcta cimentación de los pozos y los efectos secundarios de los químicos empleados en el proceso. Ya que una parte de los recursos se ubican en la región del norte del país, la más árida, por lo que algunos acuíferos han sido catalogados con déficit de disponibilidad. De manera que será imperativo considerar las preocupaciones sociales y ambientales asociadas a su extracción.

Applied Big History is a guidebook to doing good and well in a fast-changing world. With the help of numerous experts, author William Grassie builds a lattice work of diverse disciplines—physics, chemistry, geology, cell biology, energetics, informatics, evolution, anthropology, psychology, economics, and more. Grassie explores the significant of chaos and complexity, and the dynamics of discovery and innovation, in evolution and economics. He does so with a practical eye to how these new sciences can help better understand and better practice economics, business, and finance in the face of uncertainties. Applied Big History weaves many specializations together in a useful framework that you can use every day in your work and in your life.

Foreword by Mitch Julis, Canyon Partners

1. Thriving in a Complex World
Out Performing the Market/Caveat Emptor/Applied Big History/Wikipedia

2. The Great Matrix
Size/Time/Matter/Energetics/Electromagnetism/Sound/Information-Ingenuity/Sentience-Intelligence/Evolved Cultural Hierarchies/Emergent Complexity/A Multi-Dimensional Matrix

3. The Economy of a Single Cell
The Central Bank of Chemistry/The Currency of Life/New Business models/The First Agricultural Revolution/The First Industrial Revolution/The Whole Economy of Nature

4. Complexity Economics
‘All Hell Breaks Loose’/Big Money/Short and Long-Term Oscillations/Scaling Effects/Complex Adaptive Systems/Complicated versus Complex/The Fluid Dynamics of Markets/Natural and Economic Selection

5. Death and Taxes
Energy Density Flow/Goldilocks Gradients/Energy Regimes/Instability and Resilience

6. Your Hunter-Gatherer Brain
A Really Great Ape/The Great Cooperators/What We Don’t Know/Survival/Reproduction/Gendered Differences/The Cognitive Revolution/Stone Age Brains/Divided Self/System 1 and System 2/Luck of the Genes/Our Inner Demons/Our Better Angels/Elephant Morality/Caveats and Cautions

7. The Big Lollapaloozas
Welcome to the Anthropocene/The Secret of Our Success/Collective Learning/Network Effects/Imaginary Worlds and Artificial Instincts/Energy Capture/Information-Ingenuity Capture/Gene-Culture Coevolution of Collective Brains

 

8. Existential Challenges
Anthropogenic Existential Risks/Natural Existential Risks/Case Study: Peak Humanity/Case Study: Climates Change/Useless Arithmetic/Next Great Leap

9. The Bottom Line
Creating and Capturing Value/Parasites or Symbionts/Species of Specialization/Little Bets and Big Wins/Picking Winners/Diversification/The Alphas and the Rest of Us/Teams work/Inventing the Future/Bad Things Happen to Good Investors/Disaster Preparedness/Investing in Values/Universal Values/Impact Investing/Our Big Future/Bottom Line

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Bibliography

ISBN-10: 171985307X
ISBN-13: 978-1719853071

A comprehensive mechanistic study regarding acetone peroxides reveals that water has a profound effect on the formation of the solid cyclic peroxides, TATP, and DADP. The identification and rate of occurrence of reaction intermediates as well as compositions of the final products offer explanation for previously reported results indicating that acid type and hydrogen peroxide concentration affect the acid catalyzed reaction between acetone and hydrogen peroxide. A kinetics study of the decomposition of TATP revealed the effects of water and alcohols. They generally retard conversion of TATP to DADP and lead to complete decomposition of TATP by acid. A mechanism is proposed for the production of TATP and DADP.

Calvert K and Simandan D (2010) Energy, space, and society: a reassessment of the changing landscape of energy production, distribution, and use Journal of Economics and Business Research XVI(1), pp. 13-37.
ABSTRACT: While geography has always mattered for the energy sector, the relative effects of location and distance on the economics of energy regimes are increasing as we begin to deploy more renewable energy technologies. This reintroduction of the friction of distance is leading to an energy landscape that is far different from fossil-based regimes. The new energy paradigm, based as it is upon the physics and the economics of renewable energy, is being reflected in the landscape as distributed, decentralized, and diversified patterns of energy generation. Because the increased use of renewable energy technologies is beginning to change the spatial patterns of political and socioeconomic activities, a thorough understanding of these patterns is crucial to increasing the socio-political acceptability of new technologies and to avoiding the socially costly unintended consequences of policy and investment decisions.  This paper proposes a theoretical foundation upon which economists and economic geographers could scaffold their analyses of the spatial characteristics of the economics of energy use.  To this end, we bring together two complementary conceptualizations of economic geography: firstly, as the study of the effects of location and distance on energy economics, and secondly, as the study of the ways in which political, economic, and technological energy-related practices give rise to particular spatial patterns of socio-economic welfare. We end the paper by developing the concept of energy rationality and showing how it relates to discussions of metarationality, common sense, and wisdom.

This paper takes an energetics-based approach in reexamining the cargo of the famous Marzamemi 2 shipwreck as evidence for the maritime transport of architectural stone and the logistics of religious building projects during Late Antiquity. Drawing on recent discoveries at the site alongside re-assessment of previous finds, it aims to reconstruct the labor investment represented by the partial pre-fabrication of individual components and cargo as a whole, and to contextualize this within a broad understanding of the later ancient stone trade. First, a new inventory of architectural elements and liturgical furnishings from the site is provided. The traces of carving on these elements are then assessed in order to calculate the labor involved in their production. Comparison of this investment to labor costs visible in earlier Roman and contemporary shipwreck cargoes reveals the Marzamemi assemblage as particularly large and ornate-representing perhaps more than 50,000 person-hours-but otherwise typical for the staging of building shipments during the period. These results highlight the significance of the Marzamemi 2 shipwreck within studies of sixth-century CE architectural patronage and trade in decorative stone, while also demonstrating a new application of architectural energetics methodologies to the logistics of complex building programs.

Kreativität kann Freiheit bedeuten, aber als Zwang zur Kreativität wird sie zum Inbegriff einer neuen Unfreiheit. Dieses Buch versucht, Michel Foucaults Rede vom Dispositiv der Sexualität gegen Foucault zu wenden und analysiert die Verstrickung seiner Konzeption von Lebenskunst und Selbstkultivierung als Selbstkreation in den modernen/postmodernen Kult der Kreativität. Foucaults Spätwerk wird gelesen als ästhetische Transformation jenes Verhältnisses von Kapitalismus und Askese, das Max Webers Religionssoziologie skizziert hat. Die Verschiebung des Akzents asketischer Kultivierung vom Religiösen zum Ästhetischen wird eingebettet in die antimetaphysische Tendenz moderner europäischer Philosophie und die mit dieser verflochtene Enthierarchisierung menschlicher Vermögen. Die Problematisierung des kreativen Menschen wird verbunden mit Foucaults Gedanken einer allgemeinen Geschichte der Selbsttechniken. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt eine Theorie der Selbstkultivierung Gestalt, die nach drei Richtungen bestimmt wird: als Kritik am hierarchischen Primat des Spirituellen, als Kritik am Ästhetizismus des Körpers und als Kritik an der energetischen Maximierung des Leibes. Unter Rückgriff auf die kritische Theorie insbesondere Adornos und Benjamins wird die Konzeption kreativer Askese, Foucaults eigener Beitrag zur Geschichte der Selbsttechniken, analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich der kreative Mensch von seiner satanischen Seite, als rastloser Vampir seiner selbst.

Specific dynamic action (SDA) is the term used to refer to the increased metabolic expenditure that occurs in postprandial animals. Postprandial increases in metabolism were first documented in animals over two hundred years ago, and have since been observed in every species thus far examined. Ironically, the ubiquity of this physiological response to feeding understates its complex nature. This review is designed to summarize both classical and modern hypotheses regarding the causality of SDA as well as to review important findings from the past century of scientific research into SDA. A secondary aim of this work is to emphasize the importance of carefully designed experiments and systematic hypothesis testing to make more rapid progress in understanding the physiological processes that contribute to SDA. I also identify three areas in SDA research that deserve more detailed investigation. The first area is identification of the causality of SDA in 'model' organisms. The second area is characterization of SDA responses in novel species. The third area is exploration of the ecological and potential evolutionary significance of SDA in energy budgets of animals.

Aegean scholars have long recognised the pivotal role played by funerary architecture in the process of early state formation that unfolded in the northeast Peloponnese during the Early Mycenaean period.  Of particular importance are two burial types, the shaft grave and the tholos tomb, which served as the primary instruments of conspicuous consumption amongst emerging elite in the Argolid prior to the construction of the earliest palaces.  While previous attempts to assess the significance of these monuments in the competitive, socio-political landscape of the region have tended to focus on the quantity, quality and diversity of grave offerings, few have utilised the actual process of construction itself as a measure of socio-political complexity.  This paper seeks to address this lacuna in the scholarship by approaching the funerary landscape from a perspective of energetics, an approach pioneered by archaeologists working in the Mayan world that calculates the total amount of labour investment required for the construction of a specific monument.  This approach injects a new, easily quantifiable yet rarely considered dimension to current discussions of “wealth” and “status” and offers a fresh, new insight into the nature of the socio-political transformations that swept over the Argolid in the Early Mycenaean Period.

Who am I? What am I? Where am I from? Why am I here? Where am I going? Our Evolution responds to these five classic questions as well as more than 100 others.

The author analyzes evolution beyond philosophical inquiry and even the scope of biology. He focuses on evolution of the consciousness - our personal world.

Our evolutionary process has progressed over thousands of years. Life after life, we accumulate innumerous experiences and knowledge that results in our present state: complex consciousnesses who are full of nuances. Transcending societal superficiality, this book has a profound, yet objective and practical, approach. It shows how to optimize our performance in this life and even prepare for our next existence.

It is not by chance that we have a certain family or friends, for example. Also, when we are reborn and what we realize in this life are not randomly determined. We prepare for our impending physical existence in the non-physical dimension before being reborn onto this planet.

If we are truly the result of what we construct in our evolutionary progression, which is conquered step-by-step, let us work towards engendering a more agile and aware rhythm in Our Evolution.

Is is a coincidence the reason why we have specific family or friends? Is it the law of the coincidence that determines when we are born and what we should carry out in this life? Before being born, we prepare and plan the objectives of our existence. There is a reason for every situation we experience. Understanding them is vital to take lucid control of our life.

This book addresses topics directly related with our conception of life and of ourselves. It is a perfect material to give an overview of IIPC studies, being the ideal gift to present to a someone who wants to take contact with these studies. The development of consciousness evolution is millennial. Life after life, we accumulate numerous experiences and knowledge that result in what we are today: complex consciousnesses, with numerous subtleties and different facets. Going beyond the superficiality of human studies, Our evolution is a deep study, but yet objective and practical. It guides us on how to optimize this life and, furthermore, on how to prepare our next physical life. If it is ourselves who create our evolutionary path, advancing each step by ourselves; why couldnt we impose a more agile and lucid rhythm in our evolution? Our Evolution shows us why it is possible to accelerate evolution and how to do it. This book seeks to answer the five classic philosophycal questions below, and more than 100 basic queries.

In this paper, the wind potential of Ouargla region was assessed using by Weibull distribution function. Ten years (2006-2015) daily wind database was utilized. The Weibull parameters were determined using conventional methods as well as optimization based methods. These methods are used to calculate the wind power density. In addition, the assessed wind power density of each method been compared with the actual data. The results show that, PSO has the best performance compared to other methods. A set of simulation results obtained during this study is presented. These results show the atmosphere is not stable throughout the year. This indicates the existence of seasonal winds and power increases considerably after extrapolation to 50 m, giving estimated energy of 953.77 KWh/m².

Si è aperto all'insegna dell'energia l'attività dell'Osservatorio sulla Regolazione Amministrativa dell'Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, che la scorsa settimana ha ospitato il seminario su "Le novità normative in materia di regolazione del settore energetico".

Extant mammals are divided into sub-and infraclasses that are distinguished by their mode of reproduction. The monotremes lay eggs, the marsupials give birth to altricial young that typically develop in a pouch, and the eutherians have prolonged in utero development, resulting in well developed young at birth. The three groups exhibit what appears to be a nice progression of evolution towards the well developed newborn young of eutherian mammals. However, marsupials do not represent a step in the progression of producing well developed young, but maintain a reproductive strategy that has evolved to prosper in their specific niche. The production of undeveloped young with increased development in the pouch (or counterpart) provides specific advantages to those species living in diverse environments. The evolution of this reproductive strategy provides a clever solution to the uncertain and often adverse conditions encountered by many species, and the survival of the developing young in a pouch containing potentially harmful microorganisms is truly remarkable. In this review, we explore the unique features of the pouch, highlight the research questions that remain unanswered regarding this unique marsupial attribute and discuss the advantages of the marsupial reproductive strategy and the potential role of the pouch in mammalian diversification.

Felieton porusza jeden z ważnych problemów współczesnej energetyki - kwestię gromadzenia energii produkowanej przez ekologiczne źródła energii (wiatr i światło słoneczne). Energia z takich odnawialnych źródeł jest na ogół wytwarzania nie wtedy, gdy jest potrzebna, więc trzeba ją gromadzić. W felietonie jest wzmianka o elektrowniach szczytowo-pompowych oraz o próbach wykorzystanie do tego celu nieczynnych kopalni - ale opisane jest także najbardziej niezwykłe rozwiązanie, oparte na zasadzie dźwigania bloków betonowych.

Excavations conducted at the site of Azoria (East Crete) since 2002 have brought to light an unparalleled collection of architectural data, largely unobscured by later building activity, that has transformed our understanding of polis formation and urbanisation as they occurred on Early Iron Age and Archaic Crete (ca. 1200-480 BC). Analysis of the new urban landscape unearthed by these excavations has provided valuable insight into the nature and extent of a wide variety of the social, political, and economic developments that accompanied these processes. Changes in the nature of the traditional family- and kin-shaped relationships that had governed the design of domestic buildings in the Early Iron Age, for example, are reflected in corresponding changes in the form and layout of houses in the Archaic Cretan city, while the appearance of new social and political bodies operating beyond the limits of the family- and kin-based groups that had characterised earlier periods can be discerned in the division of the urban environment into zones reserved for specific functional activities (e.g. ritual, economic, political), the restriction of certain areas of the city to public, rather than private, use, and the erection of new building types (e.g. the Communal Dining Building and the Monumental Civic Building) that served as physical and highly visible expressions of these new corporate bodies.

This paper seeks to add a new dimension to our understanding of Archaic Cretan urbanisation by analysing the built environment from the perspective of architectural energetics. This approach provides a means of translating constructions into approximate labour costs, and posits that the quantity of labour expended upon any particular building project correlates more or less directly with the socio-political complexity of the society (or portion thereof) responsible for its execution. Since one aspect of socio-political power is defined by differential access to human labour resources, the values generated by this approach serve as quantifiable and easily comparable measures of the relative wealth and status of such groups. Applying this approach to the new urban environment at Azoria promises to offer new insight not only into the physical transformations associated with the appearance of the Archaic Cretan city, but also into the nature, composition, and relative positions of the various social and political groups that populated it.