Electrical Machines

A new four quadrant Field Orientation-Controlled (FOC) three-phase induction motor drive based on Hysteresis Current Comparison (HCC) has been developed. The direct relationship between current and torque in the Direct-Quadrature (dq) reference frames has been exploited to develop an HCC scheme that offers accurate tracking of current and torque based on the pulse width modulation technique. The parameters of the inner HCC and the outer Proportional-Integral (PI) speed controllers have been optimised to obtain effective current and torque tracking. The complete closed loop system being speed-controlled, four quadrant operation has been obtained using step speed input while the suitability of the developed model has been tested under full load stress during steady state. The results obtained satisfy the four quadrant operation requirements of advanced drives where controlled starts and stops are essential in both forward and reverse directions. This is evident in the effectiveness of current and torque tracking and ease of speed transition from motoring to regeneration and vice versa. The developed model finds applications in advanced industrial drives as an energy-efficient and cost-effective alternative to eliminate the effects of supply voltage drops and mechanical load variations.

Two original numerical techniques are developed for the finite element (FE) transient analysis of induction and permanent magnet motors operating in demanding aerospace applications. The first technique is the electromagnetic and thermal analysis weak coupling using a multiple slices 2D FE model. The advantage of the specific technique is the representation of complex actuator geometries including skewed magnets and winding ends, by using a low computational cost 2D model while taking into consideration temperature dependent material attributes. The second technique consists in the development of properly defined boundary conditions for the emulation of the cooling housing of actuators. Those boundary conditions are applied at the outer surface of the actuators in contact with the housing and eliminate the need of modeling complex 3D geometries of highly integrated actuator housings.

Nhà phân phối chính hãng Máy hút bụi công nghiệp Hiclean giá tốt nhất thị trường HICLEAN là một trong những thương hiệu thiết bị vệ sinh công nghiệp uy tín hàng đầu tại Thái Lan. Máy hút bụi Hiclean hiện là một trong những dòng sản phẩm được tiêu thụ mạnh nhất tại thị trường Việt Nam và thị trường các nước châu Âu, đồng thời cũng là sản phẩm bán chạy nhất tại Điện máy Hoàng Liên. Máy hút bụi Hiclean có tốt không? Theo thống kê từ những nhà phân phối máy hút bụi, Hiclean luôn nằm trong TOP những thương hiệu bán chạy nhất. Vì vậy, bạn hoàn toàn có thể yên tâm về chất lượng cũng như giá cả của thương hiệu này.
Nguồn: https://dienmayhoanglien.vn/may-hut-bui-hiclean.html

The aim of this paper is to present a new fuzzy control scheme for real time drive efficiency improvement by the adaptive flux reduction at light loads during steady states and by the optimum flux recovery during transient states. The optimum flux recovery instead of the rated flux does not sacrifice the drive dynamic response since the torque capacity remains the same and accelerates the search convergence in steady states. The control scheme is cooperated with an Indirect-Field-Oriented-Control (IFOC) motor drive. The design of the new fuzzy control scheme is focused to recognize the motor state operation in order to control under the corresponding circumstances. The proposed fuzzy control scheme includes three main units: one Fuzzy-Logic-Search Controller FLSC1, one Fuzzy-Logic-Controller FLC2 and a State detector unit. The State detector unit decides which of the FLSC1 or FLC2 controllers is used, in accordance to the operation circumstances. The fuzzy controllers utilize the stator flux-producing current component into d-q reference frame (stator current direct axis i sd) as control variable, in order to estimate the next optimal change of Δi sd. The drive efficiency improvement and the drive dynamic response is currently validated in laboratory using an experimental array of a 3phase 1 Hp induction motor drive. The control scheme is implemented using the platform eZdsp from Digital Spectrum based on the fixed point 32 bit DSP TMS320F2812 from TI.

We present an analytical solution for the magnetic field, induced eddy currents, and the corresponding losses generated in the rotor of a slotless permanent-magnet (PM) motor. The field excitation is a current sheet placed at the stator interior surface. The solution is based on an analytical solution of the diffusion equation using double Fourier series and in the complex domain. The first and the second Fourier series correspond to the time and space harmonics, respectively. We have analyzed the effect of each time harmonic in detail, and verified the results with FEM software.

Transformer design optimization is determined by minimizing the transformer cost taking into consideration constraints imposed both by international specifications and customer needs. The main purpose of this work is the development and validation of an optimization technique based on a parallel mixed integer nonlinear programming methodology in conjunction with the finite element method, in order to reach a global optimum design of wound core power transformers. The proposed optimization methodology has been implemented into software able to provide a global feasible solution for every given set of initial values for the design variables, rendering it suitable for application in the industrial transformer design environment.

This paper presents a new synchronous motor drive with high performances, fed by an IGCT Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) conversion system, conceived for high power and medium voltage applications. A very powerful and reliable control system, based on a VME-bus and Power PC technology architecture, has been developed. The whole system and the related experimental results are presented.

The paper deals with the analysis of two solutions for light electric vehicles propulsion units. The propulsion machines taken into study are the switched reluctance and variable reluctance synchronous machines. Variable reluctance machines were chosen because there are cheep and reliable machines, these being key points for such applications. The analysis is performed by means of finite element method program coupled with MATLAB-Simulink in order to simulate the machine controlled by its electronic converter. The co-simulation is chosen in order to create realistic simulation conditions for both machines. The propulsion unit in study can be used for light electric vehicles, in particular for an electric vehicle used for people with disabilities. In the paper the two possible propulsion solutions are analyzed and compared, emphasizing benefits and drawbacks for each of them. This study will help designers in future decisions to be taken when the proper solution for such applications has to be selected. The study is focused on the torque development and machines performances point of view.

The present work deals with a renewable energy based microgrid (MG) with ANFIS controller for standalone operation. The places where renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro etc. are in abundance, use them to generate electricity by developing wind-hydro based MG. The main control unit of MG is VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) in which an indirect current control is applied. This VSI is used for power quality improvements through harmonics suppression of nonlinear loads; voltage regulation during contingencies such as load unbalance; reactive power compensation at PCC (Point of Common Coupling) according to the system requirement. It is capable of providing power balance under various changes among the generation, storage and demand units. For appropriate functioning of VSI, a reweighted zero attractor least mean square (RZALMS) control algorithm is applied to generate PWM switching pulses for VSI. A model of MG with ANFIS controller is developed in MATLAB/ Simulink environment to simulate its performance in normal and dynamic conditions at linear and nonlinear loads. A renewable wind-hydro based microgrid has been developed. The performance of MG has been demonstrated using RZALMS control approach to provide power quality solutions i.e. harmonics suppression, reactive power compensation, load balancing and voltage control. It has also managed the power balance in the microgrid during various states such as high wind power generation, load unbalancing and peak load demand. Such MG provides energy independence in rural areas and contributes in reducing the fossil consumption and its bad impact on the environment. A single voltage source inverter has performed power quality improvement and power balancing. The PMBLDCG does not require speed sensor, position sensor and wind speed sensor for MPPT control. Individual inverters and converters are not being used on various units viz. wind, hydro, battery bank etc. Therefore, the overall system cost and maintenance is reduced. The performance of the proposed controller with ANFIS and PI controller results were evaluated by using Matlab/Simulink software.

Lidinco chuyên cung cấp các dòng máy cắt băng keo nhập nhẩu Hàn Quốc và Nhật Bản chất lượng, giao hàng miễn phí toàn quốc, chính sách bảo hành và đổi trả dễ dàng đảm bảo an toàn cho việc mua sắm của bạn
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RESUMEN.-En este artículo se expone una metodología donde se pretende hacer la identificación paramétrica de las generaciones de calor en el devanado y el circuito magnético en estatores de máquinas eléctricas rotatorias. Se lleva a cabo la identificación de estos parámetros a través de observaciones de temperatura en el régimen de trabajo continuo y para el caso de una geometría simple de una pared cilíndrica construida de dos materiales. Durante la misma se hacen constantes los demás parámetros que intervienen en el proceso de termotransferencia.

Power transformer analysis and design focusing on the equivalent circuit parameter evaluation by magnetic field numerical calculation is presented. The proposed method adopts a particular reduced scalar potential formulation enabling 3D magnetostatic problem solution. This method, necessitating no source field calculation, in conjunction with a mixed finite element-boundary element technique, results in a very efficient 3D numerical model for power transformer design office use. Computed results are validated through measurements. Such a methodology is very promising for investigation concerning losses and short circuit voltage variations with the main geometrical parameters.

The study focused on three phase induction motor because it is playing a vital role in production development. The motor may get the problem in some parts may effect in the wholeefficiency. Biannually maintenance increases the life of the machine, but many companies, especially in the third nation, do the maintenance as soon as the machine gets fail. The studyapplied two strategies to diagnosis and improve the efficiency of the machine. Design of experiment conducted to extract the main effect and interactions between variables. Three variables current, voltage, and power factor applied to understand the main effect in the exploited power (P). Power factor recorded the most important factor impacts the exploited power. Then, data mining utilized with two algorithms; random forests and linear regression. These algorithms used to predict the power factor-six variables collected for data mining, current, power losses, voltage, apparent power, resistance, and exploited power. These variables used to predict the power factor. From both strategies, we found that there is a strong relationship between exploited power and power factor, and those variables have a positive impact on the efficiency of the machine. Also, power losses and current have a negative impact on the power factor. Voltage did not give significant important whether in the design of experiment or data mining. Therefore, power losses and current must be controlled to keep the efficiency, and this can be done by regular maintenance by professional workers.

Classical Potier model is widely used to predict the behavior of isotropic synchronous machines in steady state conditions keeping into account the main effects of core saturation. Its parameters are usually determined using a popular traditional procedure, but the obtained model proved to appreciably lack accuracy in some machines at high loads. It also requires a short-circuit test, rather unpractical in large
machines. This paper proposes a generalization of such procedure, retaining its basic simplicity while allowing a much wider flexibility in the selection of test points. In fact, it uses 2 correlated null-power-factor tests, possibly carried out at the same voltage even with machine connected to the grid, avoiding the short-circuit test and permitting a more focused parametrization for operating range around the rated point.

This paper proposes the use of Taguchi method to optimize the annealing process of magnetic cores of wound core type transformers. By using orthogonal experimental design and analysis techniques, the proposed method allows the transformer cores annealing process to be optimized with only a small number of experiments. Assessment of these experiments differs from conventional methods in that it is of first importance to minimize the variation in response. This then gives an optimized annealing process, which is insensitive to the effects of uncontrollable factors. Results from the application of the optimal conditions of the transformer cores annealing process demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method since it helps reducing core losses as well as the divergence of actual core losses from the theoretical ones.

Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and inexhaustible. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the maximum power point (MPP). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control the dc/dc converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current for the maximum output power.

Selection of an industrial robot for a specific purpose is one of the most challenging problems in modern manufacturing atmosphere. The selection decisions become more multifaceted due to continuous incorporation of advanced features and facilities as the decision makers in the manufacturing environment are to asses a wide varieties of alternatives based on a set of conflicting criteria. To assist the selection procedure various Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches are available. The present investigation endeavours to mitigate and unravel the robot selection dilemma employing the newly proposed Multiplicative Model of Multiple Criteria Analysis (MMMCA) approach. MMMCA is a novel model in which all performance ratings are converted into numerical values greater than and equal to unity and converting all non-benefit rating into benefit category. Each normalized weight is used as the index of corresponding normalized ratings those are multiplied to obtain the resultant ...

Construction equipment emissions in civil engineering are a major sustainability issue. However, the industry continues investing in diesel (and/or biodiesel) machines - which, even if compliant with EU regulations, are far from “clean”. Cleaner technologies in construction equipment, like electrical engines, are considered more expensive investments; moreover, they are dependent on the available power supply while operating in confined areas. So, transitioning these machines sustainably involves changing technologies, business models, and public regulation. In Scandinavia, heavy-duty engines (over 25 tons) have only recently become (limitedly) available. Therefore, the current paper analyzes enablers and barriers for a sustainable transition of civil engineering construction equipment to onsite electrical machines in Scandinavia. The sustainable transition theory, combined with sustainable business models, serves as the framework of understanding. Empirically, a desk study of governance and regulation is combined with material from four fossil-free test building sites in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. The results highlight the importance of a public-private business model, where public client-driven transition is subsidy-supported (e.g., making electrical equipment available through concession, and encouraging small innovative machine manufacturers to develop electrical equipment), while waiting for international construction equipment players to become transition-ready. Recommendations for the transition thus include strengthening public private collaboration.

The article describes multidisciplinary design process of high-performance electric generator for advanced aircrafts by analytical methods and computer modeling techniques (electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical calculations). New technical solutions used in its development are described. The main ideas are revealed of the method of EG voltage stabilization we used. To improve the heat dissipation efficiency, we have developed a new cooling system, and provide its study and description in this paper. The advantages of this cooling system include the fact that EG is made with dry, uncooled rotor. This allowed eliminating additional pumps, and significantly reducing the size of CSD. According to the results of our study, we created an experimental full capacity layout, and its studies are also provided in this paper.

A superluminal quantum-vortex model of the electron and the positron is produced from a superluminal double-helix model of the photon during electron-positron pair production. The two oppositely-charged (with Q = ±e sqrt (2/α) = 16.6e) open-helix spin-½ half-photons compose the double-helix photon. These half-photons separate and curl up their separated superluminal single-helical trajectories to form an electrically-charged superluminal closed-helix spin-½ quantum-vortex electron model and a corresponding positron model. The helical radius and the Dirac equation's zitterbewegung angular frequency of the quantum vortex electron and positron models equal the helical radius and zitterbewegung angular frequency of the two spin-½ half-photons, each of energy E = mc^2 , that composed the double-helix photon model of energy E = 2mc^2 from which the electron and positron models were produced. The photon and electron models are also compatible when a photon of energy E > 2mc^2 produces a relativistic electron-positron pair. Implications of the quantum vortex electron model for electron stability are discussed.

Η ενεργειακή φτώχεια αποτέλεσε έναν από τους παράγοντες επιδείνωσης της θέσης των μικρών και πολύ μικρών επιχειρήσεων στην Ελλάδα, σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα ποιοτικής και ποσοτικής έρευνας που διενεργήθηκε μεταξύ Μαΐου και Αυγούστου 2019. Αιτία της εμφάνισης και της επιδείνωσης της ενεργειακής φτώχειας είναι η άνοδος των τιμών του ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος (κατά 28% για τις μεσαίου μεγέθους βιομηχανίες και 177% για τα νοικοκυριά από το 2006 ως το 2017) και η πτώση των εσόδων των μικρομεσαίων επιχειρήσεων (ΜμΕ). Ως αποτέλεσμα, το 15% των ΜμΕ έχουν καθυστερημένες οφειλές σε λογαριασμούς ενέργειας (ΔΕΗ, φυσικό αέριο, κ.α.) Παρότι είναι αδύνατο να εξαχθούν αξιόπιστοι μέσοι όροι, εξ αιτίας των μεγάλων αποκλίσεων που προέρχονται από τα διαφορετικά μεγέθη και τις διαφορετικές δραστηριότητες, πολλές ΜμΕ καταβάλλουν ακόμη και το 66% του κέρδους τους για ενεργειακό κόστος (όσες δραστηριοποιούνται πχ στον κλάδο της εστίασης).
Με βάση τις απαντήσεις που έδωσαν 19 επαγγελματίες προερχόμενοι όλοι σχεδόν από διαφορετικούς κλάδους, ακόμη και σήμερα σχεδόν 1 στους 3 επιβαρύνεται με την αποπληρωμή διακανονισμών σε ληξιπρόθεσμα χρέη του παρελθόντος προς ενεργειακές εταιρείες.
Παρά το τέλος της οικονομικής κρίσης και ύφεσης, το σύνολο των ερωτηθέντων (100%) απάντησε ότι συνεχίζει να λειτουργεί υπό το ίδιο καθεστώς περιορισμών στην κάλυψη των ενεργειακών του αναγκών, όπως συνέβαινε και στο αποκορύφωμα της κρίσης, σε βάρος της ποιότητας των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών, των όρων ζωής και εργασίας του. Οι περιορισμοί αυτοί αφορούσαν και συνεχίζουν να αφορούν περιορισμένη ή ακόμη και καθόλου χρήση συσκευών κλιματισμού το καλοκαίρι, και θέρμανσης το χειμώνα, θερμοσίφωνα, λαμπτήρων φωτισμού, ενώ εντατικοποιείται η λειτουργία του υπάρχοντος παραγωγικού εξοπλισμού.
Σχεδόν 2 στους 3 συμμετέχοντες προτιμούν ένα σύστημα σταθερών κι εκ των προτέρων γνωστών τιμών για το ηλεκτρικό ρεύμα, απορρίπτοντας το σημερινό απρόβλεπτο καθεστώς συνεχών αυξήσεων. Από τις απαντήσεις των ερωτώμενων αναδεικνύονται τα κόστη που προκαλεί η πολύ κακή κατάσταση του κτιριακού αποθέματος (π.χ. το 69% των κτιρίων δε διαθέτει μόνωση), που επιβαρύνει τους λογαριασμούς της ενέργειας, ενώ το γεγονός ότι η έδρα των 2 σχεδόν από τους 3 επαγγελματίες δεν είναι ιδιόκτητη λειτουργεί αποθαρρυντικά για την ανάληψη του κόστους της ενεργειακής αναβάθμισης.
Συμπερασματικά προκύπτει ότι το ενεργειακό κόστος έχει εξελιχθεί σε μια σοβαρότατη παράμετρο του κόστους λειτουργίας, που ενίοτε υπερβαίνει ακόμη και το εργατικό και σε κάθε περίπτωση έχει οδηγήσει στην άνοδο της ενεργειακής φτώχειας.

In PM machines, the fixed excitation provided by the magnets Umits its suitabiUty for high-speed appUcations. To correct this deficiency, a variety of designs capable of flux weakening have been proposed. To achieve this feature, a lower amount of magnet is considered as an approach to reduce the flux weakening current requirement. This paper investigates the appUcation of this technique to a "negative saUency" PM machine with Xd > X.. It is shown tbat, with an appropriate control of the stator current based on machine's saUency, the unfavorable effects of magnet reduction on torque production can be compensated. The torque and flux control capabiUty are quantified and an expression for the optimum pole configuration is derived. FinaDy, the effects of magnetic saturation on capabiUty curves under optimum current control are studied.

The Tweed Ring spawned a vibrant financial sector that was integral to its brief success but has never been previously examined. William “Boss” Tweed and his allies employed banks controlled or comanaged by Tammany politicians to embezzle funds, build political alliances, and invest in a wide array of business ventures. The capital of these savings and commercial banks—city money, deposits from Catholic charities, and the savings of immigrant laborers—was accumulated through political channels. During their operation between 1867 and 1871, politician-bankers engaged in a mix of patronage deals and profit-driven financial speculation. In effect, Tammany banks were ground zero for the Ring's conversion of political hegemony into a windfall of economic capital that fueled party activities and buoyed personal fortunes. Importantly, the anti-Ring mobilization by upper-class reformers was more than a revolt of wealthy taxpayers concerned with abstract goals of good government or rescuing city credit; it was also a reaction by old-line bankers in direct competition with Tammany upstarts. A dramatic bank run catalyzed by reformers in November 1871 drove them into bankruptcy, bringing this novel experiment in political capitalism to an end.

The main task of the conference is to develop scientific and creative activity of students, graduate students and young scientists, involve them in solving current scientific and technical problems in the transport industry, discuss a wide range of new scientific and practical results of modern innovations and technologies in maritime and inland water transport. tasks of modern science, the formation of a single scientific and educational space, the establishment of scientific links between young scientists.

Studies on voltage unbalance have revealed its detrimental effects on the operation of three-phase induction motors (TPIM) due to the production of negative-sequence current and torque. Voltage unbalance has been defined in different ways over the years, and each of these definitions is limited in scope in one form or the order, e.g. the neglect or inadequate consideration of the phase angle of the supply in these definitions. The complex voltage unbalance factor captures the phase angle using the ratio of the sequence components, but there is a challenge on the interpretation of the random angle θv with respect to the supply. In this study, a novel definition of phase unbalance is proposed which considers the normal 120° displacement of the three phases of the supply. A comparative analysis of all the definitions is presented using four operational supply case studies for a TPIM, and the results may ultimately impact control strategies.

This paper presents an analysis of the bibliography on transformers covering the period from 1990 to 2000. It contains all the transformer subjects: a) Transformer design, b) Transformer protection, c) Transformer connections, d) Transformer diagnostics, e) Transformer failures, f) Transient analysis of transformers (overvoltages, overcurrents), g) Modeling and analysis of transformer using FEM (thermal modeling, losses modeling, insulation modeling, windings modeling). Several international journals were investigated including the following: Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMPEL (The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power Components and Systems, Electric Power Systems Research, European Transactions on Electrical Power, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, International Journal of ...

This paper presents an analysis of the bibliography on transformers covering the period from 1990 to 2000. It contains all the transformer subjects: a) Transformer design, b) Transformer protection, c) Transformer connections, d) Transformer diagnostics, e) Transformer failures, f) Transient analysis of transformers (overvoltages, overcurrents), g) Modeling and analysis of transformer using FEM (thermal modeling, losses modeling, insulation modeling, windings mod-eling). Several international journals were investigated including the following: Systems, and IET Generation Transmission & Distribution. Due to the high number of publication in journals, we are not considering publications of conferences and symposia. A total of 700 publications are analyzed in this paper. The research presented in this paper is important because it contains and analyzes the best research papers on transformers coming from many countries all over the world and published in top rated scientific electrical engineering journals.

Many applications use dc to dc boost converter. For example, laptop chargers, dc Motor drives and any applications that require high dc voltages [1][5]. The benefit of using this circuit is to minimize from using large numbers of batteries. This circuit produces high output dc voltage. Almost this voltage is greater than or equal input voltage that depend on type of application. The aim of this paper is to make controllers for boost converter in S-domain and Z-Domain by using MATLAB SISTOOL. Also, comparison between two controllers are investigated in this paper. Keywords Boost Converter, MATLAB SISOTOOL, Controller in S-Domain and Z-Domain.

Máy nén khí piston-Chất lượng, giá thành rẻ cạnh tranh Máy nén khí piston là thiết bị sở hữu kích thước gọn nhẹ, nên việc di chuyển khá đơn giản. Bên cạnh đó, đây còn là sản phẩm có công suất lớn đáp ứng đầy đủ nhu cầu sử dụng và nhiều ưu điểm nổi trội khác; được đông đảo người tiêu dùng lựa chọn sử dụng. Bạn đang tìm kiếm máy nén khí để có thể phục vụ mục đích sử dụng của gia đình cũng như trong các tiệm rửa, sửa chữa bảo dưỡng xe. Máy nén khí Piston đang là sản phẩm được sử dụng rộng rãi ở các cửa hàng sửa xe, hoặc các đơn vị nhỏ cho hiệu suất cao nhất. Một trong những thiết bị chất lượng được người tiêu dùng ưa chuộng sử dụng mà bạn không thể bỏ qua.
https://dienmayhoanglien.vn/may-nen-khi-piston.html

The induction motors are widely used in industrial drives since of their low cost and flexibility. The control facet is very essential for any drive. This paper proposes an economical method of INDUCTION MOTOR speed control with efficient performance. The induction motor speed variation can be easily attained for a short range by stator voltage control. The terminal voltage across the stator winding of the motor can be varied to achieve the preferred speed control by controlling the firing angle of the semiconductor power devices (TRIAC in this paper). RASPBERRY PI 2(model B) plays an important in our project. Raspberry Pi is very small in size and it is a low cost device. Raspberry Pi has a Quadcore-broadcom BCM2836 900 MHz processor and 1GB RAM. It can perform all the work similar to a computer and can be referred as minicomputer. Python language must be used for this. It uses Raspbian operating system based on Debian distribution of LINUX.

The tremendous growth of scientific knowledge over the past 50 years has resulted in an intense pressure on the engineering curricula of many universities to substitute “modern” subjects in place of subjects perceived as weaker or outdated. The result is that, for some, the kinematics and dynamics of machines has remained a critical component of the curriculum and a requirement for all mechanical engineering students, while at others, a course on these subjects is only made available as an elective topic for specialized study by a small number of engineering students. Some schools, depending largely on the faculty, require a greater emphasis on mechanical design at the expense of depth of knowledge in analytical techniques. Rapid advances in technology, however, have produced a need for a textbook that satisfies the requirement of new and changing course structures.

Tháp hạ nhiệt đang được ứng dụng trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp như chế biến thực phẩm, luyện kim, dược phẩm,… V phát huy tối đa hiệu quả làm việc của thiết bị này, người dùng cần phải hiểu rõ về cấu tạo và nguyên lý làm việc của tháp nhiệt. Tuy nhiên, thực tế sử dụng cho thấy hầu hết người dùng hiện nay vẫn còn khá mù mờ về đặc điểm, cách thức hoạt động của tháp làm nước. Thấu hiểu hiện trạng này, trong bài viết hôm nay điện máy Hoàng Liên xin chia sẻ với quý khách một số thông tin cần biết về tạo và nguyên lý hoạt động của tháp làm mát nước, hy vọng sẽ hữu ích với quý khách. Có thể bạn quan tâm í ½í±‰ Hướng dẫn Bảo dưỡng tháp giải nhiệt Cấu tạo tháp giải nhiệt công nghiệp Trong các tòa nhà, xí nghiệp quy mô lớn, vấn đề làm mát không khí và giải nhiệt máy móc luôn được đơn vị chủ quản quan tâm đầu. Và sử dụng tháp giải nhiệt nước là giải pháp được nhiều doanh nghiệp lựa chọn để làm mát máy móc, giúp tiết kiệm tối đa lượng và chi phí. Bằng cách tận dụng sự bay hơi của nước vào không khí, tháp giải nhiệt đang là thiết bị đắc lực giúp giải nhiệt cho máy móc trong xưởng hay làm mát cho hệ thống điều hòa không khí tại các tòa nhà. Tháp giải nhiệt tròn có cấu tạo chắc chắn, gọn gàng Trước khi tìm hiểu về nguyên lý làm việc của tháp giải nhiệt tròn, bạn cần nắm vững về cấu tạo của thiết bị, bao gồm các bộ phận s-Vỏ tháp, đế bồn: Vỏ tháp giải nhiệt tròn làm từ vật liệu sợi thủy tinh với ưu điểm là trọng lượng nhẹ, không lão hóa, không bị g chống thấm nước, chống ăn mòn, có tuổi thọ dài lâu. Tháp có dạng hình bầu dục, gọn nhẹ và không chiếm nhiều diện tích lắp đặt, hợp với điều kiện không gian eo hẹp của nhiều đơn vị hiện nay. Bên cạnh đó, chân đỡ vỏ bồn liên thể với vỏ tháp cũng được làm từ liệu sợi thủy tinh bền chắc hoặc thép chống gỉ, tăng cường thời hạn sử dụng cho thiết bị.-Tấm giải nhiệt: làm bằng vật liệu PVC, thiết kế hình sóng hoặc mắt cáo, được sắp xếp sọc chéo nhau, cho nước phân bổ đều, khôn đóng cặn bẩn, thông gió dễ dàng nên mang lại hiệu quả trao đổi nhiệt cao.-Cánh quạt: Với các model tháp hạ nhiệt có công suất nhỏ như 10RT, 20RT,... thì cánh quạt được làm từ vật liệu nhựa ABS. Còn model tháp hạ nhiệt có công suất lớn như 125RT, 150RT,... thì cánh quạt làm từ vật liệu hợp kim nhôm. Tất cả cánh quạt trong tháp được điều chỉnh cân đối, vận hành êm ái với tiếng ồn thấp, mang lại hiệu quả trao đổi nhiệt tối ưu cho thiết bị.-Động cơ: bền bỉ, chống thấm nước, công suất đảm bảo, dễ dàng bảo dưỡng. Thiết kế chống thấm nước, các model tháp hạ nhiệt có suất trên 200RT sẽ gắn thêm hộp giảm tốc vào motor để đảm bảo thiết bị hoạt động ổn định với độ ồn thấp, ít phát sinh sự cố không m muốn.-Hệ thống phân chia nước: gồm đầu phun và ống chia nước, thiết kế với lỗ phun lớn, tránh ứ đọng nước và phân nước đều để đảm hiệu quả giải nhiệt cao. Đầu phun của thiết bị được thiết kế tối ưu, xoay vòng theo chiều kim đồng hồ, cốt đầu phun làm từ inox. Vớ ma sát thấp, đầu phun của tháp giải nhiệt không cần sử dụng tới tấm tản nước, làm giảm thiểu hiện tượng hao hụt nước trong hệ th tuần hoàn. Các model tháp hạ nhiệt có công suất 60RT sở hữu đầu phun làm từ vật liệu nhựa ABS bền chắc, còn những model công trên 70RT thì được trang bị đầu phun bằng hợp kim nhôm. Khi tháp giải nhiệt nước hoạt động, đầu phun sẽ xoay vòng theo lực đẩy nước với tốc độ quay 2-23 vòng/phút, phun nước theo đường đi của ống phun, chia đều nước trên bề mặt tấm giải nhiệt, mang lại quả trao đổi nhiệt tốt nhất. Cam kết hàng Chính hãng Giao hàng Toàn quốc Thanh toán Tại nhà Đổi trả hàng trong 10 ngày TP.Hà Nội: (024)3792 5077-0989 937 282-0987 779 6 Tp.Hồ Chí Minh: 0917 430 282 | 09666 31 546 | 09123 7 Trang chủ Giới thiệu Download Tuyển dụng Tin tức L Giỏ hàng 0 sản phẩm

The circle diagram can be drawn for alternators, synchronous motors, transformers, induction motors. To perform no load and blocked rotor test on a machines and to determine the parameters of its equivalent circuits. The circle diagram helps to identify Max. Torques , Current , slip, power factor, Efficiency and electromagnetic values, which describe the machine's operation mode at different slip values and gives them a better description when machine's operating mode is changing. The circle diagram is also of great importance for studying the case, when the parameters of the asynchronous machines operating mode are assumed to be constant values. The circle diagram is the graphical representation of the performance of the electrical machine drawn in terms of the locus of the machine's input voltage and current.

A cost-effective, automat ic Liquefied Petro leu m Gas (LP G) booking, leakage detection and real time gas monitoring system is proposed in this paper. In this system, the LPG leakage is detected through the sensor and informat ion is sent to the user by Short Message Service (SMS) and simultaneously alerts the cus tomer using a GSM module, wh ile activating the alarm and exhaust fan. The additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level o f the LPG p resent in the cylinder using load cell and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module.

As system investment and energy costs continue to increase, electric utilities are increasingly interested in installing energy-efficient transformers at their distribution networks. The cost evaluation of transformers is based on total owning cost (TOC) method that includes transformer purchasing price and cost of transformer losses. Similar to energy cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are also assigned a price by energy markets. That is why this study proposes an innovative distribution transformer cost evaluation methodology (DTCEM) by introducing the environmental cost (EC) into the conventional TOC method. This EC is due to GHG emissions associated with supplying transformer losses. The proposed method is applied for economic evaluation of distribution transformers for the Hellenic power system and the results are compared to the conventional TOC, indicating the importance of incorporating EC into transformer economic evaluation. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, investigating the impact of various parameters involved in the proposed DTCEM.

This paper describes the design aspects and analysis of dual rotor and single stator Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine. The inner stator consists of concentrated windings and the outer rotor consists of permanent magnet. Since there is no core in the stator, cogging does not occur. The modelling and analysis of the iron cored machine was done using ANSYS RMxprt. The measured performance of the prototype matches the predicted results. Finally, a prototype machine is fabricated, and experiments are carried out to test its performances by comparing with design topology. The proposed machine has advantages such as a simpler structure, operates at low speed, yield higher energy and light weight. Indexed Terms-Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Machine, low speed, Neodymium permanent magnets.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian integrated power plant equipment manufacturer and operates as engineering and manufacturing company based in New Delhi, India. Established in 1964, BHEL ushered in the indigenous Heavy Electrical Equipment industry in India. The company has been earning profits continuously since 1971-72 and paying dividends since 1976-78. It is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacture, construction, testing, commissioning and servicing of a wide range of products and services for the core sectors of the economy, viz.

— In the past year mini car has been increase in production, this type vehicle need low cost drive train and low maintenance. Motor Switched reluctance has many advantages this motor have lower manufacturing cost with low maintenance. In this paper Switched Reluctance Motor 6/4 is proposed based on sizing-motor procedure. Optimize process using design of experience (DoE) with manual iteration, the final motor design validate using using FEM method to calculate torque characteristic and thermal study. Simulation of switched reluctance motors using 2D finite element model, the result shows that the model established by the software Jmag using finite element method gives an overview characteristics of switched reluctance motors.

Objectives:
1. To familiarize with single-phase capacitor start and capacitor start/run induction motors components.
2. To investigate different characteristics (torque, speed, current, power, power factor, and efficiency) of single-phase capacitor start and capacitor start/run induction motors.
3. To demonstrate how to reverse the direction of rotation of single-phase capacitor start and capacitor start/run induction motors.
4. To understand single-phase capacitor start/run induction motors ratings.
5. To understand the effect of changing the capacitor value on the Starting Conditions of the Capacitor Start Induction Motor.
6. To understand the operation of the centrifugal switch in the capacitor start induction motor.
7. To compare between capacitor-type single-phase induction motors.

Abstract
    This paper presents analysis and operation of linear induction motor (LIM) using finite element method (FEM). The solution of magnetic field problem is performed for both two and three dimensional approaches. Magnetic vector potential, flux density, field intensity, induced rotor current, and propulsion force are computed for LIM model studied. The effect of velocity is taken into consideration. The primary winding self and mutual inductances are computed for three dimensional analysis.

Keywords- linear induction motor, finite element method, three-dimension analysis, ANSYS.

Electrical Machine laboratory is introduced to undergraduate Electrical, Sustainable Energy, Industrial Automation, and Mechatronics engineering students. The lab is designed to directly apply the theory learned in lectures to devices that will be studied in the laboratory. In this lab, students take all the information they need for all kinds of machines, such as the generators, motors, and transformers, students begin to link the theoretical material to the practical part and learns about its components, the Principle of work, characteristics, features, methods of testing, operation, diagnosis of faults and the necessary maintenance for each machine separately.

The creation of an Electrical Machines Lab at Palestine Technical University gives students the opportunity to gain some real-world experience in electrical machines. Moreover, a laboratory of this type facilitates educational opportunities. It also provides numerous additional benefits such as research.