Disequilibrium

There is increasing evidence to suggest that arctic cultures and ecosystems have followed non-linear responses to climate change. Norse Scandinavian farmers introduced agriculture to sub-arctic Greenland in the late tenth century, creating synanthropic landscapes and utilising seasonally abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Using a niche-construction framework and data from recent survey work, studies of diet, and regional-scale climate proxies we examine the potential mismatch between this imported agricultural niche and the constraints of the environment from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries. We argue that landscape modification conformed the Norse to a Scandinavian style of agriculture throughout settlement, structuring and limiting the efficacy of seasonal hunting strategies. Recent climate data provide evidence of sustained cooling from the mid thirteenth century and climate variation from the early fifteenth century. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Norse ma...

Jensen and Meckling (1994) discuss five alternative models of human behavior and conclude that humans are predominately categorized as being in the resourceful, evaluative, maximizing model (REMM). According to Jensen and Meckling (1994) REMMs are everywhere. Jensen and Meckling (1994) summary the concept where REMM consists of a number of postulates regarding their nature.

En este trabajo se evalúa la existencia del efecto tamaño en los mercados bursátiles más importantes de Latinoamérica (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú) para el periodo de 2002 a 2012, mediante la metodología de contrastes de sección cruzada del efecto tamaño en el contexto del CAPM. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que existe un efecto invertido en algunos de los mercados de América Latina.

There has been a long tradition in architectural history of trying to achieve social effects through built space. From the phalanstery to the neighborhood unit, or more recently to New Urbanism and Space Syntax based designs, architects have thought that it is possible to construct a sense of reciprocity, altruism and a general community oriented behavior through certain well defined spatial configurations and functional programming. After the 1960s and the 1970s critique, when these practices were considered forms of architectural determinism, and thus presenting a reductionist point of view, the idea that architecture can have a social role was somewhat lost. This paper tries to challenge both ideas, namely that architecture can have a precise social effects and the idea that architecture has no social effect whatsoever. For this, we rely on a larger view of both the idea of community and architecture. Instead of relying on community we will focus on the concept of social capital,...

Abstract

A theoretical model is developed of house market disequilibrium. Price and quantity adjustments occur as the consequence of inventory adjustment in the absence of a market-maker. This approach reveals a process of dynamic adjustment whereby sellers alter their reservation prices in response to implicit time on the market as a signal of excess demand. Unobservable equilibrium house prices are estimated using time on the market and house price data for Glasgow between 1999 and 2007. Empirical estimation models sellers' reservation price response to the overhang of unsold houses and the excess demand curve within an econometric framework.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that arctic cultures and ecosystems have followed non-linear responses to climate change. Norse Scandinavian farmers introduced agriculture to sub-arctic Greenland in the late tenth century, creating synanthropic landscapes and utilising seasonally abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Using a niche-construction framework and data from recent survey work, studies of diet, and regional-scale climate proxies we examine the potential mismatch between this imported agricultural niche and the constraints of the environment from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries. We argue that landscape modification conformed the Norse to a Scandinavian style of agriculture throughout settlement, structuring and limiting the efficacy of seasonal hunting strategies. Recent climate data provide evidence of sustained cooling from the mid thirteenth century and climate variation from the early fifteenth century. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Norse ma...

This critical qualitative study examines the experiences of undergraduate education students using narrative inquiry and biographical narrative analysis to understand more about being and becoming a social justice educator. Research questions include: how do prospective educators form a social justice disposition and how do they experience cognitive and affective disequilibrium along the way? Attempting to answer these questions builds upon the sprawling literature of social justice education (SJE) by providing some experiential insight into the complexity of its transformational intent. This study is conducted in light of what has been called a 'demographic imperative' for SJE practices and programming as well as a concern with institutional reproduction of domination. The author provides a conceptual and theoretical model of SJE which forwards the argument that knowledge relative to critical social theory (CST) can constitute an ethico-onto-epistemology necessary for social justice praxis in education, and that the pursuit of such a disposition inherently involves the experience of disequilibrium. In substantiating such an understanding, it is hoped that the investigative findings provide teacher educators with a deeper view of the dynamics of dispositional change and identity formation and offer some opportunity for reflection and pedagogical refinement. Additionally, it is hoped that this study contributes to ideologically driven debates over teacher preparation and the purpose of schooling. Finally, this study hopes to help facilitate the development of teacher education programs with explicit social justice outcomes.

AMériCA lAtinA en lA historiA eConóMiCA, núM. 34 Resumen Este ensayo explora el casi simultáneo desarrollo de la fiebre de oro y la producción de cereales en la década de 1850 en California. Modelos económicos predicen que la producción de bienes de consumo, como el trigo, no se puede expandir durante un auge del sector minero si existe una fácil disponibilidad de importación, debido a que los costos del trabajo y otros insumos son altos. Diversos historiadores han enfatizado los impactos de la inmigración y el crecimiento del mercado local. Una mirada más cercana del tiempo y la secuencia de los cambios en la producción muestran que un declive de la producción de los bienes comerciales concuerdan relativamente bien con el caso californiano. Sin embargo, hubo fenómenos adicionales que facilitaron el crecimiento de la producción del trigo y otros cereales, incluyendo los cambios tecnológicos en el sector minero, el empleo de población indígena, el relativo aislamiento de California en la economía atlántica del norte y el descubrimiento de oro en Australia.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that arctic cultures and ecosystems have followed non-linear responses to climate change. Norse Scandinavian farmers introduced agriculture to sub-arctic Greenland in the late tenth century, creating synanthropic landscapes and utilising seasonally abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Using a niche-construction framework and data from recent survey work, studies of diet, and regional-scale climate proxies we examine the potential mismatch between this imported agricultural niche and the constraints of the environment from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries. We argue that landscape modification conformed the Norse to a Scandinavian style of agriculture throughout settlement, structuring and limiting the efficacy of seasonal hunting strategies. Recent climate data provide evidence of sustained cooling from the mid thirteenth century and climate variation from the early fifteenth century. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Norse ma...

"Intelligence development and the Process of Initiation: Two different developmental principles which overlap to the cognitive developmental process we observe" - 

Around the year 1990 Vienna was one of the centres of the rising international debate on evolution and cognition. The debate focused on Piaget as an empirical epistemologist and a biologist interested in human cognition but not on Piaget as father of stage theory and test methods as common in psychology. During this debate a model was developed called Process of Initiation (Kress 1993), which might be still helpful for today’s debate on Positive Adult Development.

One of the significant measures of economic development is the performance of its individual sectors. The insurance industry being an essential part of the economy's financial sector with inherent potentials to drive economic expansion deserves government consideration in its fiscal policies. This study aimed at examining the effect of government fiscal policy on the performance of the insurance sector using autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model on data from CBN bulletin 2020 and Federal Inland Revenue Service report from 1994 to 2020. The result of the study indicated that total tax revenue has a negative relationship with insurance premium both in the short run and in the long run. While government expenditure has a positive effect on insurance performance in the short run and in the long run. The co-integrating equation also signified that for any movement into disequilibrium is corrected within one period. The study therefore recommend among others that government should utilize its expansionary fiscal policy in a manner that it will create an enabling environment for sectorial development, improve investments and relatively increase the activities of the insurance sector.

Gamma-ray measurements on samples from two unusually radioactive barite-rich chimneys on Axial Sea-mount, Juan de Fuca Ridge, gave equivalent concentrations of-0.190 Th and O.2Vo U. The gamma-ray emitting nuclides in both the Th- and U-decay series were found to be unsupported by their parents a2Th *6 238[J and are therefore orphans. Measurements on three chimney frag-ments showed that zzoTh was not in radioactive equilibrium with aRa, which allowed their apparent ages and initial %Fra/%Ra ratios to be determined. Based on the n\h/nePia ages of 3 and 6 years for tlro adjacent samples, a maximum growth rate of 6 cm per year was established. Calculated iiltial %R.a/uRa ratios indicare that the fluids which precipitated the barite took 20 years to acquire their radiochemical signatures from mid-ocean ridge basalts.

Thermodynamic disequilibrium is a necessary situation in a system in which complex emergent structures are created and maintained. It is known that most of the chemical disequilibrium, a particular type of thermodynamic disequilibrium, in Earth's atmosphere is a consequence of life. We have developed a thermochemical model for the Martian atmosphere to analyze the disequilibrium by chemical reactions calculating the entropy production. It follows from the comparison with the Earth atmosphere that the magnitude of the entropy produced by the recombination reaction forming O 3 (O + O 2 + CO 2 O 3 + CO 2) in the atmosphere of the Earth is larger than the entropy produced by the dominant set of chemical reactions considered for Mars, as a consequence of the low density and the poor variety of species of the Martian atmosphere. If disequilibrium is needed to create and maintain self-organizing structures in a system, we conclude that the current Martian atmosphere is unable to support large physico-chemical structures, such as those created on Earth.

The Housing Market Evolutionary System (HoMES) is the updated housing market module for the Integrated Land Use, Transportation, Environment (ILUTE) model system. HoMES is a disaggregate, agent-based microsimulation of the owner-, location choices and valuations, the endogenous supply of housing by type and location, and the endogenous determination of sale prices and rents. The new model offers significant improvements over previous attempts by including a reformulated market clearing mechanism, market dependency on macro-economic conditions, and improved computational performance. A 100% synthesized population is validated against historical data for the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area.