Data minning

an artifact such as image has its importance in human's activities to the extent that we hardly can do away with it in our daily lives. As important as this artifact is, several constraints may inhibit its usefulness. Some of these constraints include noise, object identification and image feature extraction.

In today's modern times food and lifestyle has become integral part of human system. People today aspire for good day at work and sumptuous and delicious food to eat at the end of the day. Hospitality sector has come up in a big way and in this business serving good food with great ambience has become mandatory to attract customers. So, in this paper we try to collect data from a restaurant in Bangalore and evaluate its popularity based on ratings given by customers. In this paper we use K-Means clustering techniques to cluster the popular restaurants. This analysis would help people to choose restaurants for better food and ambience

Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) dirumuskan sebagai upaya peningkatan kepedulian dan peran serta masyarakaat melalui batas usia perkawinan, pengaturan kelahiran, pembinaan ketahanan keluarga, peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga, untuk mewujudkan norma keluarga kecil bahagia dan sejahtera. Pemilihan tempat untuk diadakannya program keluarga berencana dipilih secara acak, maka  untuk itu perlu dilakukan analisis sistem dalam data mining dengan menggunakan metode rough set. Berdasarkan hasil implementasi dan analisis maka didapatkan rule-rule yang dapat menjadi acuan dalam menentukan lokasi untuk program keluarga berencana.

Electricity is the nucleus of operations and the engine of growth for all sectors of the economy. Thus, an acknowledgment and examination of existing theoretical and empirical studies whereby arguments between the trends and effects of privatisation of electricity in an economy may or may not affect the level of tariff imposed and electricity consumptions in an economy is looked into, within electricity sector and its level of electricity consumption in Nigeria. This study Contribute to the existing framework of research, by applying an Auto-Regressive Distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to co-integration for a period 1970-2012. Findings in the paper posit that, with the employment of bound testing approach to co-integration framework, in examining the trends of privatization and electricity consumption during the period. Results indicate that in the long run, income and price are the main determinants of electricity consumption while in the short run, electricity generation in the presence of privatization, with the conclusion that an increment in price of electricity per kW due to privatization will help reduce consumption given the level of income of individual

Background: Erinaceidae is a family of small mammals that include the spiny hedgehogs (Erinaceinae) and the silky-furred moonrats and gymnures (Galericinae). These animals are widely distributed across Eurasia and Africa, from the tundra to the tropics and the deserts to damp forests. The importance of these animals lies in the fact that they are the oldest known living placental mammals, which are well represented in the fossil record, a rarity fact given their size and vulnerability to destruction during fossilization. Although the Family has been well studied, their phylogenetic relationships remain controversial. To test previous phylogenetic hypotheses, we combined molecular and morphological data sets, including representatives of all the genera.
Methodology and Principal Findings: We included in the analyses 3,218 bp mitochondrial genes, one hundred and thirty- five morphological characters, twenty-two extant erinaceid taxa, and five outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using both partitioned and combined data sets. As in previous analyses, our results strongly support the monophyly of both subfamilies (Galericinae and Erinaceinae), the Hylomys group (to include Neotetracus and Neohylomys), and a sister-relationship of Atelerix and Erinaceus. As well, we verified that the extremely long branch lengths within the Galericinae are consistent with their fossil records. Not surprisingly, we found significant incongruence between the phylogenetic signals of the genes and the morphological characters, specifically in the case of Hylomys parvus, Mesechinus, and relationships between Hemiechinus and Paraechinus.
Conclusions: Although we discovered new clues to understanding the evolutionary relationships within the Erinaceidae, our results nonetheless, strongly suggest that more robust analyses employing more complete taxon sampling (to include fossils) and multiple unlinked genes would greatly enhance our understanding of the Erinaceidae. Until then, we have left the nomenclature of the taxa unchanged; hence it does not yet precisely reflect their phylogenetic relationships or the depth of their genetic diversity.

Molecular substructure mining is currently an intensively studied research area. In this paper we present an implementation of an algorithm for finding frequent substructures in a set of molecules, which may also be used to find substructures that discriminate well between a focus and a complement group. In addition to the basic algorithm, we discuss advanced pruning techniques, demonstrating their effectiveness with experiments on two publicly available molecular data sets, and briefly mention some other extensions.

Background: Erinaceidae is a family of small mammals that include the spiny hedgehogs (Erinaceinae) and the silky-furred moonrats and gymnures (Galericinae). These animals are widely distributed across Eurasia and Africa, from the tundra to the tropics and the deserts to damp forests. The importance of these animals lies in the fact that they are the oldest known living placental mammals, which are well represented in the fossil record, a rarity fact given their size and vulnerability to destruction during fossilization. Although the Family has been well studied, their phylogenetic relationships remain controversial. To test previous phylogenetic hypotheses, we combined molecular and morphological data sets, including representatives of all the genera. Methodology and Principal Findings: We included in the analyses 3,218 bp mitochondrial genes, one hundred and thirtyfive morphological characters, twenty-two extant erinaceid taxa, and five outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using both partitioned and combined data sets. As in previous analyses, our results strongly support the monophyly of both subfamilies (Galericinae and Erinaceinae), the Hylomys group (to include Neotetracus and Neohylomys), and a sister-relationship of Atelerix and Erinaceus. As well, we verified that the extremely long branch lengths within the Galericinae are consistent with their fossil records. Not surprisingly, we found significant incongruence between the phylogenetic signals of the genes and the morphological characters, specifically in the case of Hylomys parvus, Mesechinus, and relationships between Hemiechinus and Paraechinus. Conclusions: Although we discovered new clues to understanding the evolutionary relationships within the Erinaceidae, our results nonetheless, strongly suggest that more robust analyses employing more complete taxon sampling (to include fossils) and multiple unlinked genes would greatly enhance our understanding of the Erinaceidae. Until then, we have left the nomenclature of the taxa unchanged; hence it does not yet precisely reflect their phylogenetic relationships or the depth of their genetic diversity.

Basket market analysis is one of the most widely used groups of data mining and have been extensively utilized for analyzing data to extract interesting information from huge amount of data. Also, Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on semantic web as it is part of (World Wide Web Consortium) W3C. Both data mining and semantic web have several key features to mine semi-structured dataset and having an accurate result. The methodological approach taken in this study is combining both Éclat algorithm and RDF (Resource Description Framework) dataset based on the process of converting RDF into dataset and mining it. Firstly, RDF data is checked for validation, and then it needs to convert into traditional dataset. This process requests SPARQL as a query language. Thus, it needs to imply Éclat (Equivalence class Transformation) algorithm on traditional dataset. This experiment illustrates that semantic web and data mining have significant results in mining semi-structured dataset. This paper hands out how mixing RDF and Éclat algorithm is influent. For this technique different data source can be used, however, for this paper particularly products in a supermarket are going to use as a main dataset. ‫ال‬ ‫ملخص‬ : ‫البيانات‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫في‬ ‫استعماال‬ ‫االكثر‬ ‫مايزال‬ ‫و‬ ‫كان‬ ‫وقد‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخداما‬ ‫التقنيات‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحدا‬ ‫التسوق‬ ‫سلة‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫من‬ ‫هائل‬ ‫كم‬ ‫من‬ ‫هامة‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫الستخالص‬. ‫بمعلومات‬ ‫الماضية‬ ‫السنوات‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫زودتنا‬ ‫ولقد‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫هامة‬ ‫السيمانتك‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫جمعية‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزءا‬ ‫كونها‬. ‫لتعريف‬ ‫عديدة‬ ‫خصائص‬ ‫السيمانتك‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫و‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫من‬ ‫كال‬ ‫تمتلك‬ ‫و‬ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫و‬ ‫دقيقة‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجزئية‬ ‫االنشائية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫ملف‬. ‫نظام‬ ‫دمج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫المتبع‬ ‫النهج‬ (‫ئيكالت‬) ‫وصف‬ ‫اطار‬ ‫ونظام‬ ‫الحسابية‬ ‫للحلول‬ ‫الموارد‬ (‫اف‬ ‫دي‬ ‫آر‬) ‫تحويل‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫على‬ ‫بناءا‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫لتحليل‬ (‫اف‬ ‫دي‬ ‫اآلر‬) ‫تعريفها‬ ‫و‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫الى‬. ‫اوال‬ , ‫بيانات‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫يتم‬ (‫اف‬ ‫دي‬ ‫اآلر‬) ‫فاعليتها‬ ‫تأكيد‬ ‫لغرض‬ , ‫البيانات‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تحويلها‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫التقليدية‬. ‫لغة‬ ‫تتطلب‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫سباركل‬ ‫االستعالم‬ ‫كلغة‬. ‫ل‬ ‫تحتاج‬ ‫وهكذا‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫تطبيق‬ (‫ئيكالت‬) ‫الملفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحسابية‬ ‫للحلول‬ ‫التقليدية‬. ‫شبكة‬ ‫من‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫بان‬ ‫التجربة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫توضح‬ ‫السيمانتك‬ ‫الجزئية‬ ‫االنشائية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫و‬. ‫دمج‬ ‫بان‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يبين‬ (‫اف‬ ‫دي‬ ‫اآلر‬) ‫و‬ (‫ئيكالت‬) ‫مؤثر‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الحسابية‬ ‫للحلول‬. ‫ا‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫التقنية‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫معلوماتية‬ ‫موارد‬ ‫ستخدام‬ , ‫االسواق‬ ‫احدى‬ ‫منتجات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وفي‬ (‫السوبرماركت‬) ‫بيانات‬ ‫كملف‬ .