Breast Cancer Research

To correlate the clinical features of women presenting with locally advanced breast cancer with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) and to evaluate the patterns of relapse. A total of 200 patients presenting consecutively over 9 years with Stage III breast cancer were evaluated for age, socio-economic status (SES), tumour size and grade, number of involved lymph nodes, stage III sub-categories, estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status, treatment profiles and responses, and sites of relapse. EFS and OS at 5 and 10 years were calculated. Median age was 45 years. Poorly differentiated tumours were found in 127 patients, while 128 had larger tumours (T3 and T4). Eighty women had extensive nodal involvement (N2 and N3), and 86 had Stage IIIA tumours. Chemotherapy was given to 44 patients before surgery and one of these patients achieved pathological complete response. At 5 and 10 years, EFS was 25% and 7%, and OS was 52% and 31%, respectively. By Cox regression a...

Purpose Quality of life is the most important psychological factor affecting breast cancer patients. This study aimed to examine the health related quality of life of breast cancer patients in Iran. Methods International (PubMed, Web of science, Scopus and Google scholar) and national (SID, Magiran) databases were searched for related studies to September 2017. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Hoy tool. Results Out of 232 initial studies, 18 studies performed on 2263 people were included in the final stage of the study. Based on the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and random effect method, the pooled mean score of quality of life in 1073 people was 57.88 (95% CI 48.26–67.41, I 2 = 97.90%) and the pooled mean score of quality of life based on WHOQOL-BREF in 357 people was 66.79 (95% CI 45.96–87.62, I 2 = 99.50%). Conclusion According to the results of the study, a moderate level of quality of life in women with breast cancer was indicated. Therefore, the use of multidimensional approaches can improve their quality of life. Keywords Quality of life · Breast Cancer · Iran · Systematic review

Heparin-like polysaccharides possess the capacity to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, heparanase-mediated cancer cell invasion, and cancer cell adhesion to vascular endothelia via adhesion receptors, such as selectins. The clinical applicability of the antitumor effect of such polysaccharides, however, is compromised by their anticoagulant activity. We have compared the potential of chemically O-sulfated and N,O-sulfated bacterial polysaccharide (capsular polysaccharide from E. coli K5 [K5PS]) species to inhibit metastasis of mouse B16-BL6 melanoma cells and human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in two in vivo models. We demonstrate that in both settings, O-sulfated K5PS was a potent inhibitor of metastasis. Reducing the molecular weight of the polysaccharide, however, resulted in lower antimetastatic capacity. Furthermore, we show that O-sulfated K5PS efficiently inhibited the invasion of B16-BL6 cells through Matrigel and also inhibited the in vitro activity of heparanase. Moreover, treatment with O-sulfated K5PS lowered the ability of B16-BL6 cells to adhere to endothelial cells, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin, but not to E-selectin. Importantly, O-sulfated K5PSs were largely devoid of anticoagulant activity. These findings indicate that O-sulfated K5PS polysaccharide should be considered as a potential antimetastatic agent.

We have carried out a cell-based screen aimed at discovering small molecules that activate p53 and have the potential to decrease tumor growth. Here, we describe one of our hit compounds, tenovin-1, along with a more water-soluble analog, tenovin-6. Via a yeast genetic screen, biochemical assays, and target validation studies in mammalian cells, we show that tenovins act through inhibition of the protein-deacetylating activities of SirT1 and SirT2, two important members of the sirtuin family. Tenovins are active on mammalian cells at one-digit micromolar concentrations and decrease tumor growth in vivo as single agents. This underscores the utility of these compounds as biological tools for the study of sirtuin function as well as their potential therapeutic interest.

INTRODUCTION: Core biopsy (CB) has increasingly gained importance in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer due to its cost effectiveness and high accuracy. However, it is debatable whether this method is particularly suitable for the characterization of histological type and tumor differentiation, since the biopsied region may not be representative of the tumor as a whole. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the concordance between the biopsy and the surgical specimen anatomopathological findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study involving all patients with breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy or quadrantectomy in our service from January 2007 to December 2009, thus analyzing the concordance rate between the results of breast tumor CB and surgical specimen anatomopathology. Histological type, tumor differentiation grade and lymphovascular invasion were assessed as variables. RESULTS: The results show a concordance rate of 76% for the histological type between both methods. As to tumor grade, concordance rate was 50%, in which CB was prone to underestimate grade. Regarding the presence of lymphovascular invasion, the concordance was 62.09%, with 100% positive predictive value but low sensitivity (29%). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CB is a suitable method for histological diagnosis of breast cancer, although it has a high discordance rate for tumor grade and lymphovascular invasion in comparison with specimen anatomopathologic exam, tending to underestimate tumor aggressiveness.

Introduction: Breast cancer stem cell with CD44 hi /CD24 lo phonotype is described having stem cell properties and represented as the main driving factor in breast cancer initiation, growth, metastasis and low response to anti-cancer agents. Glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) are heat shock protein family chaperons that are charged with regulation of protein machinery and modulation of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis whose important roles in stem cell development and invasion of various cancers have been demonstrated. Here, we investigated the expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94 in CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Methods: MCF7, T-47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were used. CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype cell population were analyzed and sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Transcriptional and translational expression of GRP78 and GRP94 were investigated by western blotting and quantitative real time PCR. Results: Results showed different proportion of CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype cell population in their original bulk cells. The ranking of the cell lines in terms of CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype cell population was as MCF7<T-47D<MDA-MB-231. Our results also indicated that CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype cells exhibited higher mRNA and protein expression level of GRP78 and GRP94 compared to their original bulk cells. Conclusion: Our results show a relationship between overexpression of GRP78 and GRP94 and exhibiting CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype in breast cancer cells. We conclude that upregulation of GRPs may be an important factor in the emergence of CD44 hi /CD24 lo phenotype BCSCs features.

The fundamental cause of death among women in developed nations of the world is breast cancer. Breast cancer has been identified as one of the most deadly type of cancer prevalent among women globally. There have been a dramatic increase of breast cancer cases among women of recent. Machine learning algorithms are effective tools that have found application in the field of medical imaging for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. This paper investigate the performance of eight (8) machine learning algorithms that have been applied for timely detection of breast cancer. Diagnosing breast cancer involves making a distinction between benign and malignant breast lumps. Our experimental results indicated that Support Vector Machine (SVM) have the best performance in term of classification accuracy (97.07%) and lowest error rate compared to Radial Based Function (96.49 %), Simple Linear Logistic Regression Model (96.78%), Naïve Bayes (96.48%), k-Nearest Neighbour (96.34%), AdaBoost (96...

Elk jaar worden er wereldwijd nagenoeg anderhalf miljoen diagnoses van borstkanker gesteld. Twintig tot veertig % van de borstkankers vertonen een mutatie in PIK3CA, genen met een rol in de carcinogenese. De biomerker PIK3CA heeft een prognostische waarde die van belang is in klinische beslissingen omtrent therapie en follow-up.
Het doel van deze studie is de prognostische waarde in functie van PIK3CA op het herval van borstkanker te bepalen. Hiervoor worden het primaire eindpunt relapse free survival en het secundaire eindpunt distant metastases free survival bestudeerd. Daarbovenop wordt voor de eerste keer in de literatuur als een secundair eindpunt de relapse free survival in functie van een PIK3CA- en Akt1-mutatie op herval van borstkanker bestudeerd.
Er wordt een retrospectieve cohort studie uitgevoerd waarbij 10.000 patiënten, ingedeeld in de drie verschillende subtypes (TN-, HER2+, luminaal subtype), worden gevolgd gedurende tien jaar. Een PIK3CA- en AKT1-mutatie worden opgespoord in het beschikbare tumorweefsel door middel van een massARRAY-systeem, gebaseerd op MALDI-TOF massa spectrometrie, en met het commercieel verkrijgbare OncoCarta Panle v1.0.
Met deze studie wordt er inzicht verworven in de prognostische waarde in functie van een PIK3CA-mutatie op herval en het optreden van metastases bij borstkanker. Eveneens is deze studie vernieuwend, omdat er voor de eerste keer meer inzicht wordt verworven in de prognostische waarde in functie van een PIK3CA- en AKT1-mutatie op herval bij borstkanker.

Tuberculosis of the breast is uncommon globally and its diagnosis may not be straightforward.  The disease may present as breast lump, abscess or sinus and it may sometimes mimic breast cancer. A history of previous or recent tuberculosis is helpful with regard to suspicion of the diagnosis. Radiological investigations including chest X-ray, mammography, ultrasound scan of the breast, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging scan are useful tools in the investigation of the disease. The diagnosis can be achieved by demonstration of AFB in the breast tissue by Ziehl-Neilson stain or culture but not in all cases.  Incorporation of PCR can aid in the confirmation of the diagnosis early. The disease is curable with anti-tubercular drugs, and surgery may rarely be required. The disease can be encountered in all countries globally. Confirmation of the diagnosis may be obtained by the use of Ziehl Neilson stain demonstration of Acid fast bacillus or culture of biopsy or aspirate specimen from the breast lesion or by means of PCR technique. It is curable with anti-tubercular therapy.

The fundamental cause of death among women in developed nations of the world is breast cancer. Breast cancer has been identified as one of the most deadly type of cancer prevalent among women globally. There have been a dramatic increase of breast cancer cases among women of recent. Machine learning algorithms are effective tools that have found application in the field of medical imaging for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. This paper investigate the performance of eight (8) machine learning algorithms that have been applied for timely detection of breast cancer. Diagnosing breast cancer involves making a distinction between benign and malignant breast lumps. Our experimental results indicated that Support Vector Machine (SVM) have the best performance in term of classification accuracy (97.07%) and lowest error rate compared to Radial Based Function (96.49 %), Simple Linear Logistic Regression Model (96.78%), Naïve Bayes (96.48%), k-Nearest Neighbour (96.34%), AdaBoost (96...

Breast cancer is a major health problem in underdeveloped countries including Sudan. Immunohistochemical typing is important for diagnosing and understanding the biology of such heterogeneous disease. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between estrogen receptors (ER) expression and carbohydrates in breast tissue. Mammographic high density, a major risk factor, is partially attributed to carbohydrates. This study aimed to determine the type of carbohydrates in malignant and benign breast lesions and detect if there is any association between ER expression and carbohydrates using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. A total of 60 diagnosed samples of different breast lesions were reexamined for ER status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and for carbohydrates by histochemical staining methods i.e. periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue. Strong relationship was discovered between ER positivity and presence of acid mucin, but not with sulfated mucin. Furthermore, strong relationship was found between ER positivity and PAS positive materials, but not with glycogen. Since there was a significant correlation between ER and carbohydrates, these positive PAS materials might be PAS positive acid mucin. These findings are useful in understanding the behavior of breast lesions. Also, these findings suggested an underlying molecular relationships and that ER expression might be predicted using histochemical demonstration of carbohydrates in female breast tissue particularly when immunohistochemistry is out of reach.

Chapter in the Edited book "Sick and Tired: Health and Safety Inequalities", Edited by Stephanie Premji

Recognition, prevention and compensation are predicated on prevailing social discourses about hazards and health problems. Jane McArthur, in Chapter 6, considers the role of the media in perpetuating dominant representations of breast cancer, a disease that claims the lives of over half a million women worldwide each year (WHO 2016). Based on an analysis of Toronto Star newspaper articles, McArthur determines that constructions of breast cancer risk in media discourses centre on lifestyle, genetics and personal responsibility, while occupational and environmental risks and primary prevention are largely omitted. She argues that discourses that emphasize individual choice and modifiable personal behaviours fail to account for the current scientific understandings of breast cancer risks and reflect neoliberal dogmas and policies.

Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination in different groups of women in São Paulo.Application of a questionnaire to 392 women divided in four groups. Group one: 101 patients of the National Health Service, Group two: 95 female physicians; Group three: 95 female medical students; and Group four: 101 wives of gynecologists.Self-examination was performed by 90.3% of women, Group 1 having the lowest rate, 69.3%. However, proper self-examination (performed monthly or once per cycle, after menstrual period, with at least one stage in standing or sitting up position) was performed by only 30.4%, the poorest performance being found in Group 1 (15.7%) and the best one in Group 2 (43.6%). For women in Group 1, “mass media” was the most important source of information on breast self-examination, whereas for the other groups, it was “medical sources”.The majority of women are knowledgeable about breast self-examination but perform it improperly, this finding being more common among women who depend on the National Health Service, who represent a section of the general population. As breast self-examination remains an important tool in countries with limited resources, this study confirms the importance of disseminating proper information, and that more investment should be made in awareness campaigns.

Lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer usually shows lymphatic drainage to the ipsilateral axilla. Drainage to extraaxillary or contralateral axillary regions is rare and there is still controversy about its management. Due to the significant clinical impact of an accurate staging, a literature research is made based on a case of a patient with recurrence of left breast cancer with contralateral axillary sentinel lymph node detection, without evidence of lymphatic drainage to other locations. © 2018 Published by Elsevier Espã na, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedad Espã nola de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular. Drenaje del ganglio centinela a axila contralateral en cáncer de mama: controversias y manejo según la literatura. A propósito de un caso Palabras clave: Cáncer de mama Linfogammagrafía Ganglio centinela Contralateral Drenaje extraaxilar r e s u m e n En el cáncer de mama la linfogammagrafía muestra generalmente drenaje linfático hacia axila ipsilateral. De manera infrecuente, se observa drenaje hacia regiones extraaxilares o axilar contralateral, y su manejo aún genera controversias. Dado el impacto clínico que supone una correcta estadificación, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica a raíz del caso de una paciente con recidiva de cáncer de mama izquierda con detección de ganglio centinela axilar contralateral, sin evidencia de drenaje linfático hacia otras localizaciones.

Cancer is a disease that develops in the human body due to gene mutation. Because of various factors, cells can become cancerous and grow rapidly, destroying normal cells at the same time. Support vector machines allow for accurate classification and detection of the classes. The advantage of kernel selection is to derive global learning rates for SVMs using the Genetic Folding algorithm. The developed GF algorithm outperforms traditional SVMs in the UCI Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnostic (BCWD) dataset under a certain comparative analysis, which is conducted under a set of conditions that describe the behavior of the compared algorithms. The observation that relates the GF performance appears to be comparable with SVM. The statistical analysis relies on a careful analysis of the ROC curve. Moreover, the GF algorithm shows that accuracy rates are obtained adaptively, that is, without knowing the parameters resulting from the margin conditions. The experimental results show that the ...

“Global Cancer Vaccine Market & Pipeline Analysis” Report Highlights:
• Global Cancer Market Overview
• Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Progress & Possibilities
• Platforms for Cancer Vaccines Delivery
• Cancer Vaccines: Mechanism & Innovations
• Global Cancer Vaccines Clinical Pipeline by Phase, Indication, Company & Country
• Global Cancer Vaccine Clinical Pipeline: 289 Vaccines
• Marketed Cancer Vaccines: 12 Vaccines
• Regulatory Framework for Cancer Vaccines Development & Marketing

Introduction : Cancer Care is complex and often requires multiple health care professionals to work in a coordinated and integrated fashion to deliver most effective care available. A team based approach from surgeons, medical oncologists, radiologists, nurse specialists and social worker is required to ensure quality and continuity in care. Specific nursing roles in cancer services are expanding and evolving.

Background: This study reports the reliability and validity of a questionnaire designed to measure the time from detection of a breast cancer to arrival at a cancer hospital, as well as the factors that are associated with delay.
Methods: The proposed questionnaire measures dates for estimation of the patient, provider and total intervals from detection to treatment, as well as factors that could be related to delays: means of problem identification (self-discovery or screening), the patients’ initial interpretations of symptoms, patients’ perceptions of delay, reasons for delay in initial seeking of medical care, barriers perceived to have caused provider delay, prior utilisation of health services, use of alternative medicine, cancer-screening knowledge and practices, and aspects of the social network of support for medical attention. The questionnaire was assembled with consideration for previous
research results from a review of the literature and qualitative interviews of patients with breast cancer symptoms. It was tested for face validity, content validity, reliability, internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, sensitivity and specificity in a series of 4 tests with 602 patients.
Results: The instrument showed good face and content validity. It allowed discrimination of patients with different types and degrees of delay, had quite good reliability for the time intervals (with no significant mean differences between the two measurements), and fairly good internal consistency of the item dimensions (with Cronbach’s alpha values for each dimension between 0.42 and 0.85). Finally, sensitivity and specificity were 74.68% and 48.81%, respectively.
Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published report of the development and validation of a questionnaire for estimation of breast cancer delay and its correlated factors. It is a valid, reliable and sensitive instrument.

As an Ob & Gyn, member of National Breast Cancer Foundation and a woman I find it very important to raise awareness about the importance of early detection of Breast Cancer. Make a difference! Spread the word about mammograms and encourage communities, organizations, your friends and family members to get involved! Your help matters. Breast cancer is the most common type of tumors among the female population of the United States. One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime.

OBJECTIVES:

To perform qualitative analysis of phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant test in leaf extracts of Tradescantia spathacea.

To study the in-vitro anti-cancer properties of Tradescantia spathacea extracts by MTT cell line such as PC-3, HePG-2, MCF-7 and A549.

To study about overexpression of beta-catenin in PC-3, HePG-2, MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines.

To inhibit or suppress the overexpression of beta-catenin using Tradescantia spathacea medicinal leaves extract as a drug.

According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of malignant neoplasms and endocrine, blood, and immune disorders will increase in the upcoming decades along with the demand of affordable treatments. In response to this need, the development of biosimilar drugs is increasing worldwide. The approval of biosimilars relies on the compliance with international guidelines, starting with the demonstration of similarity in their physicochemical and functional properties against the reference product. Subsequent clinical studies are performed to demonstrate similar pharmacological behavior and to diminish the uncertainty related to their safety and efficacy. Herein we present a comparability exercise between a biosimilar trastuzumab and its reference product, by using a hierarchical strategy with an orthogonal approach, to assess the physicochemical and biological attributes with potential impact on its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity. Our results showed that the high degree of similarity in the physicochemical attributes of the biosimilar trastuzumab with respect to the reference product resulted in comparable biological activity, demonstrating that a controlled process is able to provide consistently the expected product. These results also constitute the basis for the design of subsequent delimited pharmacological studies, as they diminish the uncertainty of exhibiting different profiles.

We read with interest the article by Blanco et al regarding serratus plane block [1] and agree that this is a novel technique. This technique was first described by Fajardo et al at the ESRA Spain Congress 2012 and published in September 2012 [2].

Background: Breast cancer brings negative impacts to women, particularly those who have undergone chemotherapy, not only physically but also mentally. The negative impacts on patients' mental include a feeling of being failed playing their role as a woman, not having abilities to do anything, low self-esteem, and confidence loss. Thus, family support is necessary in anticipating negative self-esteem in breast cancer patients. Family support helps the patients maintain and increase their self-esteem. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between family support and self-esteem in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy at Haj Adam Malik Central Hospital. Methods: The study employed analytical correlational design with cross sectional approach. The research samples included all breast cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy at Haj Adam Malik Central Hospital in Medan City. The sampling selection of this study used total sampling technique; hence the total sample number was 34. Spearman test was performed in data analysis. Result: The study suggested that 64.7% of the respondents received good family support and 66.7% of the respondents had high level of self-esteem. Besides, it was also obtained that there was a moderate correlation between family support and self-esteem of patients with breast cancer (p=0.01< α 0,05 with r = 0.432). The results imply that the better family support is the higher the level of self-esteem of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy will be. Therefore, it is recommended that each of family members gives support to patient in the form of care, information, and instrumental support, so that the patient will have better self-esteem and quality of life.

While dozens of studies now show a bra-cancer link, breast cancer research is still routinely ignoring bras. In fact, the discussion of the bra-cancer link is taboo in medicine, for political and economic reasons. This paper discusses the reasons why this issue is being suppressed and censored by the medical community, and describes a new study from Iran that is breaking through the wall of silence and pointing to a revolution in the breast cancer field.

Statistical information from cancer studies show that the Philippines has the highest incidence rate of breast cancer in Asia. Efforts on creating awareness are being spearheaded by the country's health department, local governments, and cancer-interest organizations. Despite these, discussions on the issue remain a forbidden topic among many Filipinos, particularly the patients and their families themselves. This study aims to know the central discourses behind the prevailing treatment of Filipinos on female breast cancer as taboo and the correlation to the slow development of awareness on the illness. A quality circle was conducted on three middle-aged women from General Santos City, southern Philippines. All of the respondents were breast cancer survivors. A discourse analysis on the data figured that there are two central and interconnected discourses hindering the awareness and acceptance of breast cancer: (i) fear and denial due to financial instability, and (ii) folk belief. The researchers suggest that instead of coursing breast cancer treatment budget through the Philippine government's health insurance provider, it should be directly allocated to the country's health services program. They concluded that beyond creating awareness, it is with the accessibility of treatment that the Filipino people will be liberated from the prevailing central discourses on breast and any type of cancer.

How do you know when medical news is fake?  Can you trust what you read simply because it comes from an allegedly reputable source?

Surely, you can trust information coming from the American Cancer Society, right? 

Wrong!

The case in point: the link between breast cancer and bras.

Can obesity, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer and other cardiovascular diseases be prevented and reversed?
Absolutely!
How so? Very simple, just put out the oxygen that keeps the flame of these diseases burning!
Simply put, these modern ‘lifestyle’ diseases, as they are commonly called, are not so much obtained genetically or through heredity as they are obtained through a perverted eating lifestyle and habit. The genes you now have were obtained from your parents, who also obtained theirs from their parents. However, it beats the imagination that such diseases were not common in previous and earlier centuries. So, if it is hereditary, why are they surfacing now? Why did they not occur in our earlier ancestors?
The answer is simple: their lifestyles were different from ours and the problem is not with our genes, but with our diet and sedentary habits.
Many people have been able to manage and reverse their cardiovascular conditions through radical, and on some occasions, gradual, dietary changes.
You might wonder, why do medical science and the greatest physicians not know this?
Again, the answer is simple: medical science is not healthcare, it is disease care! Medicine is not supposed to heal the healthy, but the sick. It is based on three main arms: drugs/medicines (chemotherapy), surgery, and radiation. If your disease cannot be treated by any of these three arms, then medical science cannot help you!
In addition, physicians by their training cannot go outside these three arms of medicine to provide alternative healthcare. Physicians are not dietitians and they only prescribe drugs, not diet. And even dietitians and their standard dietetic recommendations, have failed to save their patients from these diseases.
In this brief diet plan for health, the author presents a background to good and sound health and suggests the simple foods that can secure a disease-free life.
That all may read and be able to apply these healthy principles for a sound and enduring health is the utmost aim of the Author.

Recent studies are showing that lymph stasis causes cancer by reducing immune function. This article draws on these studies to further explain how constriction from tight bras results in lymphatic impairment in the breasts and an increased incidence of breast cancer.

Knowledge is power only if you use it, and if it is not suppressed. The bra-cancer link is supported by many studies, but there is still denial from the cancer industry and from some committed bra users. Why do women still choose to wear bras despite the evidence it causes breast disease, including cancer? This article explores some of the reasons.

The purpose of the International Bra-Free Study is to assess the changes a woman experiences once she stops using bras. The study began in 2018 and is still recruiting participants from around the world. Participants pledge to stop using bras and their progress is followed through open and closed-ended questions. The study is ongoing, but we have seen some amazing patterns in the experience of women who stop wearing bras. We believe it is extremely important to share these preliminary findings with the public at this time, hoping to warn as many women as possible about the effect of bra usage on health. We started our study considering the effect of bras on breasts, and expected improvement in breast pain, cysts, and reduced cancer incidence in our group of bra-free women. What we discovered was that, in addition to the above, we also found that women recovered from many other bodily ailments that seemed completely unrelated to bra usage. We are discovering the many ways tight bras harm health, including every part of the body. As you will see, bras cause more than breast cancer.

UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
NURSING SCIENCE STUDY PROGRAM

Thesis, January 2018
Liananda Indri Putri

Correlation between Family Support and Illness Perception in Breast
Cancer Patients who undergo Chemotherapy at Dr. Mohammad
Hoesin Hospital of Palembang

Breast cancer is malignant neoplasm from parenchyma. Chemotherapy is one of the treatments for breast cancer. It has impacts on physical function, such as hair fall, dry skin and stiff body. It also can cause negative illness perception that the patients undergoing it need family support. Therefore, this study aims at finding out the correlation between family support and illness perception in breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. It was a cross sectional study with 67 respondents chosen using total sampling. The data were analyzed using an alternative test, fisher exact test. The results show that there is a significant correlation between family support and illness perception in breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy with pvalue of 0.004.
Family support can contribute in increasing positive illness perception, this shows that breast cancer patients need their family support

Kata Kunci : Kanker Payudara, Family Support, Illness Perception.
Daftar Pustaka : 113 (1984-2017)

Cancer is a disease that develops in the human body due to gene mutation. Because of various factors, cells can become cancerous and grow rapidly, destroying normal cells at the same time. Support vector machines allow for accurate classification and detection of the classes. The advantage of kernel selection is to derive global learning rates for SVMs using the Genetic Folding algorithm. The developed GF algorithm outperforms traditional SVMs in the UCI Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnostic (BCWD) dataset under a certain comparative analysis, which is conducted under a set of conditions that describe the behavior of the compared algorithms. The observation that relates the GF performance appears to be comparable with SVM. The statistical analysis relies on a careful analysis of the ROC curve. Moreover, the GF algorithm shows that accuracy rates are obtained adaptively, that is, without knowing the parameters resulting from the margin conditions. The experimental results show that the ...

We have reported before on the early results from the ongoing International Bra-Free Study.  Many participants in the study have shared that becoming bra-free was life-changing, and life-saving. 

We want to share the comments of some of these women, who have rediscovered their breasts since freeing them from bras. All bra-users should know about the hazards of bras, as witnessed by these women.

These comments are presented as written. They were in reply to open-ended questions about their experiences after becoming bra-free.

Metformin may reduce the incidence of breast cancer and enhance response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in diabetic women. This trial examined the effects of metformin on Ki67 and gene expression in primary breast cancer. Non-diabetic women with operable invasive breast cancer received pre-operative metformin. A pilot cohort of 8 patients had core biopsy of the cancer at presentation, a week later (without treatment; internal control), then following metformin 500mg o.d. for one week increased to 1g b.d. for a further week continued to surgery. A further 47 patients had core biopsy at diagnosis, were randomized to metformin (the same dose regimen) or no drug, and 2 weeks later had core biopsy at surgery. Ki67 immunohistochemistry, transcriptome analysis on formalin fixed paraffin embedded cores and serum insulin determination were performed blinded to treatment. 7 patients (7/32, 21.9%) receiving metformin withdrew due to gastrointestinal upset. The mean percentage of cells staining for Ki67 fell significantly following metformin treatment in both the pilot cohort (p=0.041, paired t-test) and in the metformin arm (p=0.027, Wilcoxon rank test) but was unchanged in the internal control or metformin control arms. Messenger RNA expression was significantly down-regulated by metformin for PDE3B (phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited; a critical regulator of cAMP levels which affect activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK), confirmed by immunohistochemistry, SSR3, TP53 and CCDC14. By Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling pathway was most affected by metformin: TGFB, MEKK were up-regulated and cdc42 down-regulated; mTOR and AMPK pathways were also affected. Gene Set Analysis additionally revealed that p53, BRCA1 and cell cycle pathways also had reduced expressed following metformin. Mean serum insulin remained stable in patients receiving metformin but rose in control patients. This trial presents biomarker evidence for anti-proliferative effects of metformin in women with breast cancer and provides support for therapeutic trials of metformin.