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Ethical, Social and Legal Issues in Organizational Culture

Issues’ relating to the evaluation of job performance rests on an organizations ability to fully explain its culture through its organizational policies, practices, and procedures.

Ethical, Social, and Legal Issues Erenne' Nicole Tinsley-Coleman University of Phoenix Ethical, Social, and Legal Issues Issues’ relating to the evaluation of job performance rests on an organizations ability to fully explain its culture through its organizational policies, practices, and procedures. Ritchie (2000) states, “It has been suggested that organizational culture affects such outcomes as productivity, performance, commitment, self-confidence, and ethical behavior (p. 1)”. This statement can be used as an introduction in looking at ethical, social, and legal issues that arise when developing measurement criterion in organizations. One issue such as discrimination can be applied to organizational performance review when factors pertaining to unethical measurement practices of human workers are involved. The cause of the issue can be found in underlying beliefs in individuals of a higher authority within an organization. As an organization can be examined from the top down perspective, consideration should be given from the input/output measurements that fairly assess human performance. The establishment of fair practices is the basis of discrimination complaints as a result of this matter. Discrimination An area of concern pertaining to discrimination and bias factors in the evaluation of human performance within an organization could find it liable through federal or state municipalities if a claim has been discovered. As a general notion each organization attempts to establish policies and procedures that universally address issues related to performance by implementing practices that indicate the fair treatment of an individual as a result. Organizations that use sound selection criteria practices when implementing strategies in conducting evaluations of human performance embrace a culture that values the integrity of an individual within. According to de Waal (2010), “Recent research states that both the instrumental and the behavioral dimensions of performance management have equal influence on the performance of an organization (p. 1)”. As we advance as a society, dimensions into performance management take a different realm when applied to the social aspects of evaluation of human performance. Avoidance of Discrimination Organizations may be faced with problems in respect to these factors if it is not aware of its ethical responsibility to improve its overall performance. The use of individuals within a work environment should respect the quality of talent and skills identified in a job application. Measurements pertaining to selection processes can have an impact on criterion used in evaluation performance. Positive changes that relates to society in general are in the efforts from decision makers to control and support organizational change. As many elements impact performance, the need for control takes on a different perspective when trying to enforce change heading into the future. Johnson, Cassell, Close, & Duberley (2001) state, “ Companies have found that the presumed benefits of organizational change initiatives have not been forthcoming because managers have failed to support those developments through the simultaneous adaptation of the company's performance and control systems (p. 1)”. To further illustrate the statement, an example could be provided when a worker has expressed concern of fair evaluation of job performance. Organizations concerned with return on investment can also consider a worker an investment as well. As a foundation of organizational learning, Kearns (2005) states, “Although evaluating learning outcomes at higher levels is important to some, it is relatively meaningless unless the outcomes are referenced to the value for the organization (p. 135)”. This statement impacts the concern of individuals in respect to value of human integrity over financial gain. It is important for an organization to recognize the issue of discrimination as it relates to an individual person. Evaluation of performance metrics includes instrumentation tools such as 360 degree surveys to better understand the behaviors of individual performance. Jansen and Vloeberghs (1999) state, “The conditions and implications for the use of multi-rater feedback or “360-degree" methods are studied from both a psychological and an organizational perspective (p. 455)”. This reference can be used to create frameworks that encompass the value issue that arises from a social standpoint of view when performances of individuals within a work environment are being examined. Conclusion To conclude this individual framework of referencing the issue of discrimination in respect to ethical, social, and legal problems that organization may face, the practices, principles, and theories studied in Industrial and Organizational are foundational. As I/O practioners approach organizations that seek council in advisement of strategies that can eliminate these factors, the respect of an individual takes preference in effectively helping organizations change their approach to performance evaluations as a result. References de Waal, A.,A. (2010). Performance-driven behavior as the key to improved organizational performance. Measuring Business Excellence, 14(1), 79-95. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683041011027472 Jansen, P., & Vloeberghs, D. (1999). Multi-rater feedback methods: Personal and organizational implications. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 14(6), 455-476. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/215864519?accountid=35812 Johnson, P., Cassell, C., Close, P., & Duberley, J. (2001). Performance evaluation and control: Supporting organizational change. Management Decision, 39(10), 841-850. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/212074765?accountid=35812 Kearns, P. (2005). From return on investment to added value evaluation: The foundation for organizational learning. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(1), 135-145. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/221207320?accountid=35812 Ritchie, M. (2000). Organizational culture: An examination of its effect on the internalization process and member performance. Southern Business Review, 25(2), 1-13. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/228280410?accountid=35812 ETHICAL, SOCIAL, AND LEGAL ISSUES 5 Running head: ETHICAL, SOCIAL, AND LEGAL ISSUES 1