Responsive web design

International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION, 2017

First introduced by Ethan Marcotte in 2010 in his article Responsive Web Design, responsive design concept refers to the ability of a website to adapt to different resolutions and devices on which it is displayed (PCs, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.) without undergoing degradation. The site should recognize what device it is displayed on and automatically respond to user preferences. This approach comes to the aid of those who were forced to do a lot of versions of the site, so that it can be accessed from the iPad, Blackberry, Kindle, netbook, iPhone and so on[1], and becomes today a necessity. While using the same code and URL, a responsive website can provide an optimum viewing experience-without resizing, panning or scrolling on most of the devices. Web designers approached approach the new challenge with many and various solutions. To keep up with the transformations emerging in web design, this article intends to discuss the issues applied to the Land Forces Academy's official site.

Today’s extra smile devices i.e. mobile phones, smartphones; small devices i.e. tablets, mini laptops; medium devices like laptops, desktops; and large devices like new age TVs, LEDs, and projector screens capable of accessing websites have changed the approach towards website design and development. These high-tech devices and gadgets have placed the web designers and developers to serious issues of user experience and accessibility. Thanks to Ethan Marcotte for inventing the technique of Responsive Web Design by which developers can now produce device agnostic websites which respond, with respect to their layout and content presentation, on all kinds of device resolutions without requiring any special modifications. This means a single Responsive Website is now sufficient to serve all device sizes. But being device agnostic is only the first milestone towards responsiveness. This monograph discusses the factors that reasoned the Responsive Web Design (RWD). RWD is discussed in detail with respect to present scope and finally a debate is presented on future trends in RWD, and proposed future enhancements which show how responsiveness can be further extended to meet with complete user needs in the light of content and context

Responsive web design is delivering web content across wide variety of display devices in an elegant way. The generic way of achieving responsiveness using relative width approach does not work well for all HTML elements. This paper deals with handling various non-responsive elements which can break the responsive layout. Different approaches for making them responsive using HTML5 and CSS3 web technologies are discussed. Furthermore, a case study on different approaches for making responsive site is carried out and its level of support across different browsers has been analyzed.

Developments that have been realized regarding software and hardware in the communications industry have led to compulsory developments in approaches to website designs. The problem of providing and sustaining compatibility of websites with devices on the market has led to the development of new approaches. As a result of this situation, a responsive web design approach that solves the problem of hardware compatibility has been developed in addition to software and software development methods that allow for the application of this approach. This design approach, which has been more frequently used since 2011, has been preferred by both individuals and companies because it is more sustainable and easier to use. Responsive web design principles and the reasons behind their necessity have been analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the frameworks that have been developed based on this design approach were analyzed and their characteristics and qualities were compared in reference to responsive web design principles. The criteria necessary for choosing a powerful and effective framework have been laid out.

Nowadays, flexible web site or responsive layout design are no more hidden materiality, as different classification like static page layout, liquid page layout, adaptive page layout & responsive page layout, but responsive designs and responsive layouts get real intention and begin to be more popular this day and age. It's a hard to give solution in brief way for every device, that's why we require a suitable technique which made web design's implementation effortless. In spite of that we see more difficulties in data driven websites where we have to use controls which must be lightweight and rapid, so proposed method help us to get rid of this problem. With the assist of this we'll able to solve different problems of web implementation, this technique farther conceivably can be used in web design implementation.

2018

for their support and guidance throughout the duration of the project. Thanks to Mr. Prakash Prabhu (CEO, Atyati) and Mr. Balaji (Vice President, Atyati) for their valuable inputs during our one-to-one interactions, presentations, reviews, and meetings. I also would like to thank Mr. Neelkanthan (Asst. Prof.), Dr.Prasad Onkar (Asst. Prof.) and Mr. Delwyn Remedios (Asst. Prof.) for their constant guidance throughout my academic session at Department of Design IIT Hyderabad. Lastly to my friends Pranay Sute, Vimal Krishnan R, Vijay Kumawat, Garima, Shakthi Prasad and all my colleagues and friends at IIT Hyderabad who have helped me in some way or the other to bring this project to completion through their suggestions and comments during various discussions.

Abstract: The introduction of smartphones with their accompanying capacity to access the Internet, changed the way the Internet is used. Many people now use mobile devices to browse the Web. However, the varying screen sizes of these devices portend some impact on their users' experience, as the Web content on the devices vary in size and the navigation of pages are also different in the various devices. The advent of the responsive web design (RWD) philosophy, revolutionized the way Web pages are designed and the way they appear to the users in the various devices. RWD makes Web pages to adjust to the size of any devices' screen irrespective of the device type. In this study, the effect of responsive web design of the user experience witha laptop and smartphone devices while using the e-Ebola Awareness System, (a Web based health awareness portal for Ebola virus disease), was measured and evaluated. The results revealed that users had a better user experience with Smartphones than with laptops while using the system, however, for most of the metrics collected, users' experiences with the two device types were not significantly different at 95% level of confidence, implying that for those metrics, the responsive web design had a similar effect on the users' experiences and attitudes

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering, 2013

This document provides insight around how responsive web should work on Smart Phones and Feature Phones (Older phones with touch screen). This document covers all the best practices of a responsive web application, implications of the implementation and describes various view pints and its handling.

Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology, 2007

Mobile devices have made the world a small place. They are also being used widely, to access the Web. However, because most available web pages are designed for desktop PC in mind, it is inconvenient to browse these large web pages on a mobile device with a small screen. With the enormous increase in mobile users since last decade, to such an extent that it even exceeds the number of desktop users in many developing countries, it becomes crucial to design systems for Web Manipulation, there by providing easier and greater accessibility and device independence. In this paper, we propose a new browsing technique to facilitate efficient web access and provide a better user experience on a device with rather small screen as compared to the usual desktop. It also proposes a novel technique to handle multimedia content, especially the images and video on a web page. In order to solve the problem of incomplete tags in HTML, an equivalent XML is generated for the desired webpage. For efficient browsing, the web page is represented as a multi level hierarchy, with the index of major sections on the first level and the sections indexed again in to subsections on the second level and so on, until we reach subsections that can be represented as sub-pages that fit in the small screen. We also propose an efficient algorithm for navigating through the subpages, thereby providing better user experience. The proposed technique provides better and efficient web browsing on mobile small displays up to user satisfaction.

Responsive design allows software developers to build a Web page that can dynamically adapt to the size of the devices. This development philosophy enables the rendering of Web pages in a fast and optimized way, ensuring a good user experience on mobile devices, tablet and desktop. In the scope of this study, we intend to explore the main advantages and limitations associated with responsive Web design. We adopted a quantitative approach based on a questionnaire filled by 181 professionals in the industry that allowed us to identify the reasons that lead software developers to the adoption of the responsive design and also address the limitations felt by them. The results obtained indicate that offering a good user experience and increasing accessibility stands out as being the most important advantages. On the other hand, the main limitations include the compatibility with older Web browsers, the higher loading time and the difficulties in optimizing user experience. Finally, it was found that the perception of the advantages and limitations of responsive design is distinct for professionals with more professional experience in the field and for freelancer developers.