Plants secondary metabolites for mosquito control

2019

Mosquitoes are the vectors of the major infectious diseases of Public Health concern such as Malaria, Dengue, Lymphatic filariasis, Yellow fever, Chikwungunya and Zika virus causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical Africa and the present practice of using synthetic chemical insecticides to control mosquito vectors have result in the development of serious resistance, persistent pollution and damaging the ecosystem. This work reviewed the adulticidal activities of some plants extracts and oils: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Spear mint (Mentha piperita), Lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum), Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis), Purple dead-nettle (Lamium purpurium), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaves extracted with different solvents and were established as effective bio-insecticide against different genus and species of mosquitoes which can be used as an alternative means of controlling the population of mosquito vectors that would be environmentally safe and s...

The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2012

Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya ferver, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, etc. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. Application of active toxic agents from plant extracts as an alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times. These are nontoxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, their mechanism of action on target population, variation of their larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, polarity of solvents used during extraction, nature of active ingredient and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant derived secondary metabolites have been reviewed.

Springer eBooks, 2016

Mosquitoes act as vectors for many life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, etc. Vector control is by far the most successful method for reducing the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases, but the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance and the potential environmental issues associated with some synthetic insecticides has indicated that additional approaches to control the proliferation of mosquito population would be an urgent priority research. Mosquitoes develop genetic resistance to synthetic insecticides and even to biopesticide such as Bacillus sphaericus. Also synthetic insecticides adversely affect the environment by contaminating air, water, and soil. There is an urgent need to find alternatives to the synthetic insecticides which are more potent and low cost. Plants are a rich source of alternative agents for control of mosquitoes, because they possess bioactive chemicals, which act against a limited number of species including specific target insects and are eco-friendly. Traditionally, plant-based products have been used in human communities for many centuries for managing insects. Several secondary metabolites present in plants serve as a defense mechanism against insect attacks. These bioactive chemicals may act as insecticides, antifeedants, molting hormones, oviposition deterrents, repellents, juvenile hormone mimics, growth inhibitors, antimolting hormones, as well as attractants. Plant-based pesticides are less toxic, and there is a delay in the development of resistance because of their new structure and easy biodegradability. In present article, the local and traditional uses of plants in mosquito control, current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources, and the mosquitocidal properties of secondary metabolites have been reviewed.

Environment …, 2005

Identification of novel effective mosquitocidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates, concern for the environment and food safety, the unacceptability of many organophosphates and organochlorines and the high cost of synthetic pyrethroids. An increasing number of researchers are reconsidering botanicals containing active phytochemicals in their efforts to address some of these problems. To be highly competitive and effective, the ideal phytochemical should possess a combination of toxic effects and residual capacity. Acute toxicity is required at doses comparable to some commercial synthetic insecticides while chronic or sub-chronic toxicity is required to produce growth inhibition, developmental toxicity and generational effects. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge on larvicidal plant species, extraction processes, growth and reproduction inhibiting phytochemicals, botanical ovicides, synergistic, additive and antagonistic joint action effects of mixtures, residual capacity, effects on non-target organisms, resistance, screening methodologies, and discuss promising advances made in phytochemical research. D

Journal of vector borne diseases, 2007

International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, 2014

Six (6) plant species were screened for larvicidal potentials against the larvae of Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. The plants included Hyptis lanceolata, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis spicigera, Lantana camara, Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale. Crude extracts were obtained in different solvents using Soxhlet extractor. Their larviciding activity was investigated by immersion and batches of 20 instar larvae were treated with 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000mg/l of the plant extracts after 96 hours exposure, for 5 days and in three replicates. Extracts that did not cause mortality at 62.5mg/l necessitate the use of higher concentrations (1500 and 2000 mg/l). Control treatment consists of 1ml acetone in distilled water. Results revealed that all the 6 plants exhibited varying larvicidal activity. L. camara showed highest percentage mortality (63.20%) at the least concentration of 62.5mg/l. This was followed by H. lanceolata, H. suaveolens (57.9%) and Z. officinale which caused 57.9% each at this same concentration. Determined L 50 and L 95 indicated L. camara (56.23 and 223.87mg/l) to be the most potent of the plant extracts. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in efficacy of concentrations and the various exposure periods. Recommendation was made for the inclusion of these plant extracts in an integrated pest control scheme.

Phytochemistry Letters, 2014

Plant biochemical processes result in the release of an array of volatile chemical substances into the environment, some of which are known to play important plant fitness enhancing functions, such as attracting pollinators, thermal tolerance of photosynthesis, and defense against herbivores. Cunningly, phytophagous insects have evolved mechanisms to utilize these volatiles to their own advantage, either to colonize a suitable host for feeding, reproduction and oviposition or avoid an unsuitable one. The volatile compounds involved in plant-insect chemical interactions have been widely exploited in the management of agricultural pests. On the other hand, use of plant volatiles in the management of medically important insects is limited, mainly due to paucity of information on their role in disease vector-plant interactions. To date, a total of 29 plant volatile compounds from various chemical classes, including phenols, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and terpenes, have been identified as mosquito semiochemicals. In this review, we present highlights of mosquitoplant interactions, the available evidence of nectar feeding, with particular emphasis on sources of plant attractants, methods of plant volatile collection and the candidate plant volatile compounds that attract mosquitoes to nectar sources. We also highlight the potential application of these phytochemical attractants in integrated mosquito management.

Biomedical Research and Reviews

Mosquitoes are well known for their public health importance since they cause major health problems and diseases including malaria. Use of chemical insecticides in controlling malaria and to prevent disease vectored by mosquito has resulted in problems related to the adverse environmental effects for insecticides potential toxicity, high operational cost, community acceptance, and the development of insecticide resistance among the vectors. The factors mentioned above prompted the search for new means of malaria control strategies. Currently, the secondary metabolites of plants (plant extracts and essential oils) of mosquitocidal potential are recognized as potent alternatives to replace the synthetic insecticides in mosquito control programs due to their larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. In addition, mosquitocides from plant origin can contribute effective, inexpensive and safe method for malaria vector control. This review also showed that the use of indigenous plant-based products by individual and communities can provide as a prophylactic measure for protection against various mosquito-borne diseases. Therefore, plant products utilized as mosquitocides and repellents can serve as a supplementary and/or alternative control measure in combination with the ongoing anti-vector interventions and can also provide a useful tool to promote localized control of persistent malaria.

2017

Mosquitoes are the major vector for the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis and Japanese encephalitis. Malaria is one of the most important causes of direct or indirect infant, child and adult mortality with approximately two to three million new cases arising every year, in the tropics, in general and India, in particular. There is a need for more effective antimalaria drugs with broad host specificity. Medicinal plants have been known to have antimalarial activity; however there is lack of data as well as research of the same. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques. Although several plants have been reported for mosquitocidal activity, only a few plants are in actual use. The present work was aimed at finding the antimalarial activity of some medicinal plants like Momoradica charantia, Glyricidia sepium, Vitex neegundo, Gardenia jasminoides, Carica papaya, Annona reticulata L. and Chrysa...

Administración de Recursos Humanos - Enfoque latinoamericano

Prefacio xi CAPÍTULO 1 La administración de recursos humanos en la actualidad 1 ¿Qué es la administración de recursos humanos? 2 El entorno y las responsabilidades cambiantes en la administración de RH 7 El papel cambiante de la administración de los recursos humanos 11 El papel estratégico de la administración de recursos humanos 12 El gerente de recursos humanos en la actualidad 19 El plan de este libro 22