Disegno tecnico industrale 2022

Technical Drawing for Product Design, 2020

This chapter is focused on the main differences between the ISO and ASME standards in the geometrical specification domain of the industrial products, and it starts with details on the historical evolution of the two standards. The main principles of the ISO GPS and ASME GD&T standards, such as the principle of independence and the envelope requirement, are illustrated. Designers are recommended to always indicate the reference standard in the technical drawings of companies, as the interpretation of drawing specifications and the relative inspection may lead to two different results. Finally, the main novelties of the new ASME Y14.5:2018 standard and the new ISO 22081 standard on general tolerances are shown.

Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2014

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has just completed (as of May, 2014) a major effort on a new standard ISO 10303-242 titled 'Managed Model Based 3D Engineering.' It belongs to a family of standards called STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data). ISO 10303-242 is also called the STEP Application Protocol 242 (STEP AP 242, for short). The intent of STEP AP 242 is to support a manufacturing enterprise with a range of standardized information models that flow through a long and wide 'digital thread' that makes the manufacturing systems in the enterprise smart. One such standardized information model is that of tolerances specified on a product's geometry so that the product can be manufactured according to the specifications. This paper describes the attributes of smart manufacturing systems, the capabilities of STEP AP 242 in handling tolerance information associated with product geometry, and how these capabilities enable the manufacturing systems to be smart.

2010

Abstract: The automotive industry has always shown a particular interest in quality manage-ment systems, which resulted in the development of several different specific standards. As a result of this, by the mid-1980s, automotive suppliers were subject to numerous national and customer-specific regulations. The proliferation of these standards and the need to create a single reference model led to Technical Specification (TS) 16949, an International Organiza-tion for Standardization (ISO) technical specification aimed at representing a comprehensive quality management system for the global automotive industry. Since its early introduction, TS 16949 has encountered a certain success thanks to its feature of unifying and harmonizing the already existing standards. This paper studies the global evolution anddiffusion of this technical specification, observing its impact on local economies. The findings are supported by empirical data.

2014

The ISO standards for the Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS) define an internationally uniform description language, that allows expressing unambiguously and completely all requirements for the geometry of a product with the corresponding requirements for the inspection process in technical drawings, taking into account current possibilities of measurement and testing technology. The practice shows that the university curricula of the mechanical engineering faculties often include only limited classes on the GPS, mostly as part of curriculum of subjects like Metrology or Fundamentals of Machine Design. This does not allow students to gain enough knowledge on the subject. Currently there is no coherent EU-wide provision for vocational training (VET) in this area. Consortium, members of which are the authors of this paper, is preparing a proposal of an EU project aiming to develop appropriate course.

This PSA norm has been translated by the PSA Technical Discipline proprietor of this norm.

Proc. of the 3rd International …, 2010

Safety in the automotive domain is becoming more and more important with the ever increasing level of complexity in emerging technologies built-in into the cars. As a stimulus for industry to refine its safety measures related to electrical, electronic and software systems in the cars, the ISO 26262 standard has been recently introduced. Developing safety-related systems according to this standard in an efficient and effective way requires adequate computer-aided support. For this reason, some initiatives towards software-based supporting tools for ISO 26262 were recently started. This paper gives an account of the main such initiatives after recalling the main features of the ISO 26262 standard. In particular, we briefly discuss how the main activities from ISO 26262 such as hazard analysis and risk assessment, functional safety concept, safety validation, etc can have a software support, and what is the state-of-the-art.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2011

The automotive industry has always shown a particular interest in quality management systems, which resulted in the development of several different specific standards. As a result of this, by the mid-1980s, automotive suppliers were subject to numerous national and customer-specific regulations. The proliferation of these standards and the need to create a single reference model led to Technical Specification (TS) 16949, an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) technical specification aimed at representing a comprehensive quality management system for the global automotive industry. Since its early introduction, TS 16949 has encountered a certain success thanks to its feature of unifying and harmonizing the already existing standards. This paper studies the global evolution and diffusion of this technical specification, observing its impact on local economies. The findings are supported by empirical data.

Natural Language Processing Journal Volume 7, 2024

Natural language processing and vision tasks have recently seen large improvements through the rise of Transformer architectures. The high-performing large language models (LLMs) benefit from large textual datasets that are numerously available online. However, action and bidirectional action-language tasks are less developed, as these require more specific and labeled data. Therefore, we aim at enabling these robotic action capabilities for a pretrained LLM, while maintaining high efficiency with regards to the required training time and data size. To achieve this, we split up a Transformer-based LLM and insert a multimodal architecture into it. Specifically, we split a pretrained T5 LLM between its encoder and decoder parts, to insert a crossmodal Transformer component of a Paired Transformed Autoencoders (PTAE) bidirectional action-language model. The experiments are conducted on a new dataset, consisting of unimodal language translation and crossmodal bidirectional action-language translation. The natural language capabilities of the original T5 are re-established efficiently by training the crossmodal Transformer, which requires only one 5.7 millionth of the T5 model's original training data. Furthermore, the new model, called CrossT5, achieves high accuracy for the vision-and language-guided robotic action tasks. By design, the CrossT5 agent acts robustly when tested with language commands not included in the dataset. The results demonstrate that this novel approach is successful in combining the advanced linguistic capabilities of LLMs with the low-level robotic control skills of vision-action models. The code is available at this URL: https://github.com/samsoneko/CrossT5.

Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on 2007 computer personnel doctoral consortium and research conference The global information technology workforce - SIGMIS-CPR '07, 2007

In an attempt to address the underrepresentation of women in the information technology (IT) workforce it is important to understand the values and motivations of female professionals. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine career anchors of women in the IT workforce and how these factors are manifested in their careers. In doing so, we examine data from a field study of 92 female IT practitioners. Three important findings resulted from this exploration. First, technical competence and managerial competence are mutually exclusive. Second, a combination of career anchors for a given individual can be found. Third, career anchors vary in terms of temporal characteristics.