Especies de moluscos no-nativos de América del Sur

… , MT; Leone, G.; Tonni, EP; …, 1995

The South American pattems of dispersal, distribution and environmental conditions of the equid genera and species was studied. We recognize only two genera: Hippidion Owen and Equus (Amerhippus) Hoffstetter. Under the former we inelude all hippidiform horses, with three different species: H. principale, H. devillei and H. saldiasi. This latter species is stratigraphically and geographically restricted to the period from 13.000 lo 8000 years BP in the soulhern part of South America. H. principale and H. devillei have a wide geographical distribution (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Perú, Uruguay and Brazil) throughout the Upper Pliocene to Upper Pleistocene. Both species show some morphometric variations in their geographic range and these differences may result from environmental characteristics. Under the second genus we include all equidiform horses and recognize five species: E. (A.) andium, E. (A) insulatus, E. (A) neogeus, E. (A) santaeelenae and E. (A) lasallei. They have been recorded in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, throughout the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. They also show peculiar adaptive features on the distal part of the extremities as a response lo different environmental conditions. The different trends between both genera are mainly related to the moment of first appearance in South America, and with the environrnental conditions prevailing throughout the Pleistocene. Likewise, their usefulness as paleoenvirornental indicators is analyzed. Several hypotheses on the causes of their extinction are considered.

Este relato da cuenta de las relaciones existentes entre los mamíferos carnívoros placentarios, que llegaron desde América del Norte por el actual istmo de Panamá, y los mamíferos carnívoros esparasodontes que existían en el continente sudamericano a su llegada. Se discute las causas probables de la extinción de estos últimos.

Los moluscos no marinos ocurrentes en la República de El Salvador, América Central: una breve revisión panorámica introductoria de su actual conocimiento , 2019

Resumen Con la invaluable asistencia participativa y apoyo de agrónomos, investigadores locales y colaboradores informantes de campo, así como la oportuna revisión fundamental de la bibliografía regional, el Projeto AM ha logrado inventariar un total preliminar de 30 especies de “Moluscos No Marinos” presentes en El Salvador, incluidos 13 gasterópodos terrestres/forestales, 4 bivalvos límnicos y 13 gasterópodos de agua dulce. Palabras clave: malacofauna, Bivalvos, dulceacuícolas, Náyades, Caenogastropoda, Operculados,Pulmonados.

G. Halffter (Comp.). La Diversidad …

Evolución biológica y …, 1995

The subfamily Anancínae includes all South American mastodonts, characterized by brachicephal skull and brevirostrine mandible, with trilophodont upper and lower M2. We recognize only two genera: Cuvieronius with only one species, Cuvieronius hyodon; and Stegomastodon with two species, Stegomastodon waringi and Stegomastodon platensis. Cuvieronius arrived in South America from North America after the Great American Biotic Interchange. Thís genus has been recorded in South America from Upper Pliocene to the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. Cuvieronius hyodon is geographically restricted to the Andean Region ín Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Northwest Argentina. Stegomastodon waringi, on the other hand, have a large geographical distribution (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Brazil) through the Middle-Upper Pleistocene. Stegomastodon platensis is restricted to Middle-Upper Pleistocene in the Pampean Region and Uruguay and possibly ín Paraguay. In general, Cuvieronius habitat could be high grassland with cold to temperate climatic conditions. In contrast, Stegomastodon would seem to be adapted to more open grassland with warm to temperate conditions.

1998

Miscelanea en homenaje a …, 2004

This work compiles updated data on the phylogeny, systematic and biostratigraphic distribution of the Equidae family in South America during the Plio-Pleistocene. The first representatives of this family are recorded in the Eocene of North America and disperse into South America during the Great American Biotic Interchange. The Equini tribe comprises 7 genera; one dispersed throughout the entire world except in Australia (Equus), five endemic to North America (Protohippus, Calippus, Pliohippus, Dinohippus y Astrohippus), and one endemic to South America (Hippidion). The first record of Hippidion for South America comes from the late Argentine Pliocene while Equus (Amerhippus) is recorded for the first time in the middle Pleistocene of Tarija (Bolivia). The most recent records of both forms come from archeological sites associated with the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Cladistic studies indicate that Hippidion is a monophyletic group showing no connection to related forms of this group in North America. The Hippidion group retains primitive traits and is possibly the brother group of Dinohippus, Astrohippus and Equus. Hippidion is represented by three species: H. principale, H. devillei and H. saldiasi, with records in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay and Peru. H. saldiasi is the most southern record of this genus, restricted to the most southern zone of Patagonia. Horses sensu stricto are represented by five species of the subgenus Equus (Amerhippus), which are distributed throughout South America: E.(A.) andium, E.(A.) insulatus, E.(A.) neogeus, E.(A.) santaeelenae y E.(A.) lasallei. The southernmost distribution of this subgenus corresponds to the south of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina.

Acta Zoologica Mexicana, 2013

Una de las mayores amenazas para los ecosistemas marinos litorales es la introducción, intencionada o accidental, de especies no autóctonas (exóticas) que en su nuevo ambiente puedan llegar a desarrollar un comportamiento invasivo.

Lista de los moluscos del estado de Nuevo León.