Review Article Number 138:: Constituents of the yew trees

\ PERGAMON Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Review Article Number 027 Constituents of the yew trees Virinder S[ Parmara\ \ Amitabh Jhaa\ Kirpal S[ Bishta\ Poonam Tanejaa\ Sanjay K[ Singha\ Ajay Kumara\ Poonama\ Rajni Jaina\ Carl E[ Olsenb a Department of Chemistry\ University of Delhi\ Delhi 009 996\ India Chemistry Department\ Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University\ 0760 Frederiksberg C\ Copenhagen\ Denmark b "Received in revised form 04 July 0887# Abstract Yew trees\ taxonomically classi_ed under the genus Taxus\ are sources of a number of physiologically active compounds of di}erent classes[ Taxane derivatives with various carbon skeletons\ lignans\ ~avonoids\ steroids and sugar derivatives have been isolated from di}erent Taxus species[ Compounds isolated from the genus Taxus between 0897 and December 0886 have been comprehensively reviewed[ Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ Keywords] Yew^ Taxus^ Taxaceae^ Taxanes^ Abeotaxanes^ Taxoids^ Nontaxoidic isoprenoids^ Lignans^ Flavonoids^ Steroids^ Sugar derivatives^ T[ baccata^ T[ brevifolia^ T[ canadensis^ T[ chinensis^ T[ cuspidata^ T[ ~oridana^ T[ mairei^ T[ media^ T[ wallichiana^ T[ yunnanensis[ 0[ Introduction The phytochemistry of yew trees has become a hot topic worldwide with the isolation of the active principle against cancer called paclitaxel[ It is now being marketed as an antitumour drug "Taxolþ\ as it is commonly known is now a registered trademark of Bristol Myers Squibb Co[#[ Taxonomically\ the di}erent species of yew are in the genus Taxus\ which\ in turn belongs to the Taxaceae and consist of much branched trees or shrubs[ Taxaceae is a family of _ve genera] Amentotaxus Pilger\ Austrotaxus Compton\ Pseudotaxus Cheng\ Taxus Linn[ and Torreya Arn "Willis\ 0885#[ The species of yew are also identi_ed by the region of their occurrence\ i[e[ Himalayan yew\ European yew\ Canadian yew\ etc[ They are widely dis! tributed in the northern hemisphere\ occurring in Europe\ North America\ Northern India\ China and Japan[ In India\ they grow at an altitude of 0799 m and above and are distributed in the hilly regions of Eastern and Western Himalayas[ They are evergreen shrubs or trees with dis!  Corresponding author[ Tel[] ¦80!00!614!5444:6195^ fax] ¦80!00! 614!6195^ e!mail] vparmar[duchemÝaxcess[net[in tichous leaves which are linear with recurved margins[ The wood of Taxus is one of the heaviest of soft woods[ It is also mechanically strong and durable\ the timber is oily and irregular growth rings in the wood provide decorative value[ Confusion exists in the identi_cation and nomenclature of the various species of this genus "Appendino\ 0884#[ Since all yews look very much alike\ the presence of only one collective species\ namely Taxus baccata is often assumed[ One classi_cation of this genus is based on macroscopic characteristics\ i[e[ morphology "length of the needles\ their shape\ etc[# that are\ at times di.cult to interpret[ Another classi_cation of the same genus that relies on the microscopic characteristics of plant anatomy has therefore been put forward "Appendino\ 0884#[ Another point of controversy is in the identi_cation of some of the species[ For the Himalayan yew\ two bot! anical names are used\ viz[ T[ wallichiana and T[ baccata\ and the Chinese yew has three names\ T[ chinensis\ T[ yunnanensis and T[ mairei[ It is uncertain whether they are synonymous[ It is an irony that no attempt has apparently been yet made to combine the microscopic\ macroscopic and phytochemical data available for taxonomic purposes[ Di}erent Taxus species have proved to be of special 9920!8311:88:, ! see front matter Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ PII] S 9 9 2 0 ! 8 3 1 1 " 8 7 # 9 9 6 9 1 ! X 0157 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 signi_cance among phytochemists in recent years because they have been found to possess a number of biological activities "Vohora + Kumar\ 0860^ Ambasta\ 0875#[ The chemical constituents of di}erent Taxus species have been studied for over a hundred years[ Taxane alka! loids\ diterpenoids with taxane skeleton\ lignans\ bi~a! vonoids\ steroids\ sugar derivatives and diterpenes possessing the tropone skeleton are commonly found to occur in this genus[ The phytochemistry of the genus Taxus has evoked a great deal of interest because of the occurrence of antitumour and antileukaemic taxanes\ moulting hormones\ alkaloids\ antineoplastic diterpenes and other physiologically important compounds in the various species\ in particular because of the world renowned antitumour drug taxol:paclitaxel[ This has made Taxus as one of the most intensely investigated genus of all the plant genera[ A few reviews have appeared in the literature "Morelli\ 0865^ Khan + Parveen\ 0876^ Appendino\ 0884^ Das + Kashinath\ 0885# on this subject[ The one that covered the maximum information on taxoids\ the typical sec! ondary metabolites of the yew tree "Kingston\ Molinero\ + Rimoldi\ 0882# was published in 0882[ The latest review^ Das + Kashinath\ 0885#\ to our knowledge\ covers the literature on the subject from 0876 to mid 0884 and at least a hundred new compounds have been reported from di}erent species of the genus Taxus after that[ There is no updated comprehensive review that lists all the isolates from various Taxus species[ Our present review covers the literature upto December 0886 listing all chemical constituents isolated from di}erent varieties of yew[ 1[ Taxane derivatives Taxanes are typical cyclic diterpenoids[ A normal tax! ane "I# contains an eight membered ring sandwiched between two six membered rings\ but there are numerous compounds which have rearranged taxane skeleta[ 2\00! Cyclotaxanes "II# are tetracyclic systems with an additional bond between C!2 and C!00[ Taxanes having ring system III are called 00"04:0# abeotaxane[ They have linearly fused _ve\ seven and six membered rings[ A six:ten:six membered ring system "IV# is known as 1"2: 19# abeotaxanes[ An 00"04:0#\ 00"09:8# bisabeotaxane having skeleton V is also known[ Compounds with skel! eton VI are referred to as pretaxanes as the bond between C!2 and C!7 is not yet formed[ Certain other isoprenoids include non!taxoid diterpenoids and have been isolated Structure 0 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 from species of this genus\ which are separately classi_ed as {non!taxoid isoprenoids|[ 1[0[ Normal taxanes The naturally occurring diterpenoids with the taxane skeleton are the typical constituents of Taxus[ The con! stituents of the yew became the active subject of phyto! chemical and synthetic work since the discovery of ter! penes belonging to the taxane group "Lythgoe\ Nakanishi\ + Uyeo\ 0853^ IUPAC\ 0867^ Miller\ 0879#[ Roberto and Jelmoni "0806# reported a case of poi! soning following the ingestion of berries of T[ baccata[ The alkaloid taxine is the toxic constituent that occurs in 0158 the leaves and berries\ while the aril is free of alkaloids[ Taxine is in fact a mixture of at least 00 compounds\ only _ve of which ðtaxine A "150# and B "67#\ 02!deoxo!02a! acetyloxytaxine B "23#\ 02!deoxo!02a!acetyloxy!0!deox! ytaxine B "24# and 02!deoxo!02a!acetyloxy!0!deoxy!nor! taxine B "39#Ł have been structurally characterized so far[ The action of the alkaloid was only apparent after ingestion of the berries when the latter were chewed[ The symptoms of taxine poisoning are mainly associated with cardiac and respiratory disturbances and death results from heart failure\ accompanied by respiratory paralysis "Nicholson\ 0823#[ The unusual diterpene\ taxol "024# "Hilton\ Chmurny\ + Muschik\ 0881# was reported in 0860 by Wani\ Taylor\ Structure 2 0169 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 2 Wall\ Coggon\ + McPhail "0860# as the major cytotoxic\ antineoplastic "Bogdan + Ding\ 0881# and antileukaemic constituent occurring in yew "Witherup et al[\ 0889^ Hoke\ Wood\ Cooks\ Li\ + Chang\ 0881^ Iwakuma\ 0881#[ Some of the taxoids isolated recently have been dem! onstrated to be equally or in some cases more potent anti!tumour agents than taxol[ Taxol C "037#\ isolated from the bark of T[ media possesses antitumour activity higher than that of taxol and is also active against adri! amycin resistant cells "Kobayashi et al[\ 0884#[ Recently Barboni\ Lambertucci\ Appendido\ and Gabetta "0886# have revised the structure of 4!deacetyl!0!hydroxy bac! catin I from Taxus yunnanensis "Zhang + Jia\ 0889# to 6! deacetyl!0!hydroxy baccatin I "095# and that of 6!de! acetyl!hydroxy baccatin I from Taxus baccata "Senilh et al[\ 0873b# to 4!deacetyl!0!hydroxy baccatin I "006#[ Table 0 lists the di}erent taxanes isolated thus far from di}erent Taxus species[ 1[1[ 2\00!Cyclotaxanes 2\00!Cyclotaxanes "Table 1# can be formed upon irradiation of corresponding 02!oxo!taxa!00!enes "Appendino et al[\ 0881c\ 0882d^ Kobayashi et al[\ 0883#[ Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0160 taxoids\ as they are more correctly described "Appendino et al[\ 0882a^ Chen + Kingston\ 0883^ Chu et al[\ 0883# and not a taxane skeleton as originally proposed[ Bre! vifoliol "194# was the _rst natural taxoid to be described with a 00"04:0#!abeotaxane skeleton\ which was initially assigned a normal taxane skeleton "Balza\ Tachibana\ Barrios\ + Towers\ 0880# but this was later corrected to the 00"04:0#!abeotaxane skeleton "Georg et al[\ 0882^ Chu et al[\ 0883^ Zhang et al[\ 0884d#[ In a similar way\ a number of taxoids whose basic structure\ were previously reported as derivatives of brevifoliol with the normal taxane skeleton or by considering them as baccatin VI derivatives have now been proposed to be rearranged 00"04:0#!abeotaxanes[ Taxchinin A "102# was the _rst naturally occurring taxoid to be correctly assigned the 00"04:0#!abeotaxane skeleton "Fuji et al[\ 0881# and that with an oxetane ring was taxchinin B "149# "Fuji et al[\ 0882#[ However\ the fact that the _rst example of a taxoid with 00"04:0#!abeotaxane skeleton was a rearrangement product of taxol "Hoke et al[\ 0881#\ raises the question as to whether all these compounds are simply artefacts[ Although this possibility cannot be completely ruled out\ the fact that the rearranged taxoids have been obtained from di}erent species by di}erent research groups\ coupled with the fact that rearrangement of taxol requires rather vigorous conditions\ suggests that some\ if not all of the isolated nortaxoids are genuine natural products[ Taxuchin B "118#\ a taxoid isolated from T[ chinensis "Fang et al[\ 0886# is the _rst chlorine containing taxoid reported so far[ Taxuspine Q "141# is the _rst example of taxoid containing a 4:6:5 membered ring system with a tiglic acid moiety "Wang et al[\ 0885b#[ Table 2 lists the 00"04:0#!abeotaxanes isolated so far\ from various species of yew[ 1[3[ 1"2:19#!abeotaxanes Structure 3 These compounds have a distinct biogenetic origin than the other taxoids\ resulting from a transannular cyclisation\ which is di}erent from that involved in the formation of normal taxanes "Appendino et al[\ 0883b#[ They are tricyclic systems with a ten membered ring sand! wiched between two six membered rings[ Isolates of this class from Taxus species are listed in Table 3[ 1[4[ 00"04:0#\ 00"09:8# Bisabeotaxane However\ such naturally occurring compounds have E! geometry in the cinnamoyl side chain\ while the irradiated products are a mixture of E! and Z!diastereoisomers[ Thus\ it is di.cult to infer that these compounds are artefacts[ 1[2[ 00"04:0#!Abeotaxanes The only known taxoid with a 00"04:0#\ 00"09:8# bisabeotaxane skeleton is wallifoliol "153# from T[ wal! lichiana "Vander Velde et al[\ 0883#[ A benzilÐbenzilic acid type rearrangement of 09!dehydro!09!deacetyl! 00"04:0#!abeobaccatin III "A# might be the biosynthetic pathway of this compound[ 1[5[ Pretaxoids A number of taxoids isolated from di}erent Taxus species\ on structural reinvestigation were found to con! tain a rearranged nortaxoid skeleton or 00"04:0#!abeo Paclitaxel\ because of its unique mode of action and enormous medicinal potential is under an intensive 0161 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 4 research e}ort[ The core structure of taxol consists of four rings "six membered A and C rings\ eight membered B ring and four membered D ring# but very little is known about the biosynthesis of this taxane core[ Verticillol\ a natural product isolated from Scidopitys verticillata\ with rings B\ C and D not yet formed has been the focus of speculation about the biosynthesis of the taxane skeleton "Zamir\ Nedea\ + Garneau\ 0881^ Kingston et al[\ 0882#[ Verticillol\ however di}ers in stereochemistry at the C!0 and lacks oxygenation at C!1\ C!4\ C!6\ C!8\ C!09 and C!02 and numerous attempts to carry out cyclisation have failed "Begley\ Jackson\ + Pattenden\ 0874#[ A novel pretaxoid\ canadensene "154#\ in which rings B\ C and D are not yet formed has been isolated from T[ canadensis "Zamir et al[\ 0884b#[ The isolation of canadensene in the genus Taxus and its structural similarity with the core structure of taxol and related taxanes is of considerable importance for biosynthetic studies[ A few more such compounds have been isolated thereafter\ these are all listed in Table 4[ Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0162 Structure 5 2[ Non!taxoid higher isoprenoids Phytoecdysteroids\ the well known moulting hormones are another class of naturally occuring organic com! pound isolated from Taxus species[ Insect moult hor! mone activity associated with extracts of yew leaves has been reported by Takemoto\ Ogawa\ Nishimoto\ and Ho}miester "0856#[ The most common of these phyto! ecdysteriods is ecdysterone "160#[ The diterpenes tax! amairine A "171# and taxamairine B "172# possessing a tropone skeleton\ displayed inhibitory activity against hepatoma cells in vitro "Liang\ Min\ Iinuma\ Tanaka\ + Mizuno\ 0876#[ The various non!taxoid higher iso! prenoids are listed in Table 5[ 2[0[ Lignans Lignans are found in several species of Taxus[ Seco! isolariciresinol "176#\ isotaxiresinol "299#\ isolariciresinol "290# and isotaxiresinol!5!methyl ether "291# are found in several species of Taxus "Erdtman + Tsuno\ 0858^ Das\ 0163 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 6 Takhi\ Srinivas\ + Yadav\ 0883b#[ Table 6 lists various lignans isolated from the genus Taxus[ 2[1[ Flavonoids Taxus species contain the bi~avonoids mainly of the amento~avone series[ Table 7 lists all the ~avonoids iso! lated from the genus Taxus[ 2[2[ Sugar derivatives A novel glycoside\ taxicatin "212# has been isolated from the leaves of T[ baccata "Herissey + Lefebvre\ 0896^ Lefebvre\ 0896^ Merz + Preuss\ 0830^ Merz + Preuss\ 0831#[ The glycosides of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols\ as well as of monoterpene alcohols and eugenol have been detected in Taxaceae "Merkx + Sevendsen\ 0889#[ Recently we have isolated betuloside "215# from T[ Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0164 Structure 7 baccata\ reported its absolute stereochemistry and have found it to possess hepatoprotective activity "Parmar et al[\ 0880#[ Table 8 lists various glycosides and other sugar derivatives isolated from the genus Taxus[ 2[3[ Miscellaneous Kojic acid "226#\ a g!pyrone\ isolated from T[ mairei is a typical microbial metabolite\ thus fungal contamination of the plant extract might be a reason of its formation "Yoshizaki\ Fufuda\ + Hisamichi\ 0878#[ "¦#!Abscisic acid "243# was extracted from the seeds of T[ baccata "Jones + Lynn\ 0822^ Le!Page!Degivry\ Bulard\ + Mil! borrow\ 0869^ Le!Page!Degivry\ 0860#[ The needles of T[ baccata contained 15 carboxylic acids\ 79) of which were shikimic "261# and quinic acids "262# "Le!Page!Degivry\ 0862#[ Various compounds isolated from genus Taxus which are not otherwise classi_ed in the text\ are listed in Table 09[ 0165 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 8 3[ Conclusions This review of literature covering phytochemical inves! tigations on ten Taxus species have resulted in the iso! lation of nearly three hundred and seventy compounds belonging to the classes of taxanes\ lignans\ ~avonoids\ steroids\ sugar derivatives\ aromatic acids\ etc[ The last few years have witnessed a revolution in the phytochemistry of the yew trees\ mainly due to the dis! covery of the wonder drug taxol:paclitaxel which is now successfully used for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer[ This has resulted in isolation of a number of taxol analogues\ chemical modi_cation and biological studies\ which have helped in developing a structure activity relationship "Jenkins + Lawrence\ 0885#[ Synthesis of these analogues would otherwise be very di.cult[ The developed SAR "structure activity relationship# is now a tool for synthetic chemists to _nd a more viable alter! native of taxol\ which is now being semisynthetically pre! pared from the more abundant natural precursor 09! deacetyl baccatin III "012#\ although not in enough quan! tities to meet the present demand[ Thus\ we clearly visualise that this area demands still more intensive research to make it fruitful and this Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 09 0166 0167 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 00 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 01 0168 0179 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 02 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 03 0170 0171 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 04 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 05 0172 0173 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 06 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 07 0174 0175 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Structure 08 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0176 Table 0[ Normal taxane derivatives isolated from di}erent Taxus species Compound Species Refs[ Taxa!3"19#\00!diene!4a\8a\09b\02a!tetraol "0# T[ baccata 0b\1a\4a\8a\09b\02a!Hexahydroxytaxa!3"19#\00!diene "1# Taxusin "2# T[ chinensis T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ mairei T[ baccata T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ yunnanensis T[ mairei T[ baccata T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ mairei T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ mairei T[ media T[ chinensis T[ chinensis Chan\ Halsall\ Hornby\ Oxford\ + Sabel "0855# and Chauviere\ Guenard\ Picot\ Senilh\ + Potier "0870# Zhang + Jia "0880a\ b# Della Casa de Marcano\ + Halsall "0858#\ Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# and Topcu et al[ "0883# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Miyazaki\ Shimizu\ Mishima\ + Kurabayashi "0857# and Sugiyama\ Oritani\ + Oritani "0883# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Lee\ Hirose\ + Nakatsuka "0864#\ Liu\ Lin\ Lin\ + Chen "0873#^ Ho et al[ "0876a#\ Chuang\ Chen\ Lin\ + Chen "0881# and Yang\ Fang\ + Cheng "0885# Zhang et al[ "0883a# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885a\ 0886# Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0858# Liu et al[ "0873#\ Yeh\ Wang\ Liu\ + Chen "0877#\ Chuang\ Chen\ Lin\ + Chen "0878# and Yang et al[ "0885# Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0858# Yeh et al[ "0877# Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0858# Zamir et al[ "0881a\ 0884a# Liang\ Huang\ Gunatilaka\ + Yang "0887# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Chen\ Zhang\ + Zhou "0883a# Topcu et al[ "0883# Kingston\ Hawkins\ + Ovington "0871# Chen et al[ "0883a# Yang et al[ "0885# Barboni et al[ "0884a# Hall\ Tong\ + Chang "0886# Chattopadhyay + Sharma "0884# Yang et al[ "0885# Barboni et al[ "0884a# Barboni et al[ "0884a# Della Casa de Marcano\ + Halsall "0858# Liu et al[ "0873#^ Yeh et al[ "0877#^ Chuang et al[ "0878# Hall et al[ "0886# Zhang\ Wiedenfeld\ + Roder "0884d# Zhang + Jia "0880a# and Jia + Zhang "0880b# T[ chinensis Zhang + Jia "0880a# and Jia + Zhang "0880b# T[ baccata Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0858# T[ baccata Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0858# T[ mairei T[ cuspidata T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ mairei Yeh et al[ "0877# and Chuang et al[ "0878# Shigemori\ Wang\ Yoshida\ + Kobayashi "0886# Jia + Zhang "0880a# Woods\ Chiang\ Nakadaira\ + Nakanishi "0857# Yeh et al[ "0877# Chen\ Zhang\ Wu\ + Zheng "0880# Liang et al[ "0887# Woods et al[ "0857# Liang\ Min\ + Niwa "0877a#\ Min\ Jiang\ + Liang "0878# and Yang et al[ "0885# Chen et al[ "0880# and Zhang et al[ "0883a# Topcu et al[ "0883# Singh\ Gujral\ Sood\ + Duddeck "0886# and Liang et al[ "0887# Kobayashi et al[ "0883# and Zhang\ Li\ + Wu "0885# Liang et al[ "0877a# and Yang et al[ "0885# Continued on next pa`e T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ ~oridana T[ mairei Taxa!3!"19#\00!diene!4a\6b\8a\09b\02a!pentaol pentaacetate "3# Taxa!3!"19#\00!diene!1a\4a\8a\09b\02a!pentaol pentaacetate "4# Taxa!3!"19#\00!diene!1a\4a\6b\8a\09b\02a!hexaol hexaacetate "5# 1!Deacetyl!4!decinnamoyltaxinine J "6# Taxa!3"19#\00!diene!4a!hydroxy!0b\6b\8a\09b!tetraacetate "7# 4!Decinnamoyltaxinine J "8# 1!Deacetoxydecinnamoyltaxinine J "09# Taxa!3!"19#\00!diene!4a!hydroxy!8a\09b\02a!triacetate "00# Decinnamoyl!0!hydroxytaxinine J "01# 1!Deacetyldecinnamoyltaxinine E "02# Taxa!3!"19#\00!diene!4a\8a\09b\02a!tetraol!8a\09b!diacetate "03# 1!Deacetoxy!02!deacetyldecinnamoyl!taxinine J"04# 1a\4a\8a!Trihydroxy!09b\02a!diacetoxy!taxa!3"19#\00!diene "05# 0b\4a!Dihydroxy!8a\ 09b\02a!triacetate!1a!benzoate taxa!3"19#\00! diene "06# 0b\4a\02a!Trihydroxy!8a\09b!diacetate!1a!benzoate taxa!3"19#\00! diene "07# Taxa!3 "19#\00!diene!1a\4a\6b\8a\09b!pentaol 6a\8a\09b!triacetate! 1a!a!methylbutyrate "08# Taxa!3!"19#\00!diene!1a\4a\6b\09b!tetraol!4a\6b\09b!triacetate!1a! a!methylbutyrate "19# Taxuspine Z "10# Taxa!3 "19#\00!diene!0b\1a\4a\08!tetraol!8a\09b\02a!triacetate "11# Taxinine E "12# Taxinine J "13# 1a!Deacetoxytaxinine J "14# T[ yunnanensis T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ mairei 0177 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Table 0*continued Compound 1a\02a!Dihydroxy!8a\ 09b!diacetoxy!4a!cinnamate taxa!3"19#\00! diene "15# 09b!Hydroxy!1a\8a\02a!triacetoxy!4a!cinnamate taxa!3"19#\00! diene "16# 8a\09b\02a!Triacetoxy!4a!cinnamoyl!taxa!3"19#\00!diene "17# 0!Hydroxy!1!deacetyltaxinine J "18# 1a\8a!Dihydroxy!09b\02a!diacetoxy!4a!cinnamate taxa!3"19#\00! diene "29# 1a\09b!Dihydroxy!8a\02a!diacetoxy!4a!cinnamate taxa!3"19#\00! diene "20# 0b\02a!Dihydroxy!8a\ 09b!diacetate!1a!benzoate!4a!cinnamate taxa!3"19#\00!diene "21# 4a!"Cinnamoyl#oxy!6b!hydroxy!8a\09b\02a!triacetoxytaxa!3"19#\ 00!diene "22# 02!Deoxo!02a!acetyloxytaxine B "23# 02!Deoxo!02a!acetyloxy!0!deoxy!taxine B "24# 1?!Desacetoxyaustrospicatin "25# Species Refs[ T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ chinensis Chattopadhyay + Sharma "0884#\ Zhang et al[ "0884c# and Chattopadhyay\ Saha\ Kulshrestha\ Sharma\ + Kumar "0885b# Zhang et al[ "0883a# Rojatkar et al[ "0885# Jia + Zhang "0880a# and Zhang + Jia "0880b# T[ chinensis Jia + Zhang "0880a# and Zhang + Jia "0880b# T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ wallichiana T[ media Zhang and Jia "0880b# Kobayashi et al[ "0883# Yeh\ Wang\ Liu\ + Chen "0877# and Yang et al[ "0885# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Chmurny et al[ "0882# T[ media Chmurny et al[ "0882# T[ chinensis Zhang + Jia "0880a# and Jia + Zhang "0880b# T[ mairei Yang et al[ "0885# T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ cuspidata 6\1?!Didesacetoxyaustrospicatin "26# T[ wallichiana T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana "¦#!1a!Acetoxy\ 1?\6!diacetoxy!0!hydroxyaustropicatine "27# T[ baccata Taxuyunnanine D "28# 02!Deoxo!02a!acetyloxy!0!deoxy!nor!taxine B "39# 1a!Acetoxy!1?!deacetyl!0!hydroxy!austrospicatine "30# Taxuspine P "31# T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ cuspidata Taxuyunnanine C "32# T[ chinensis T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ chinensis T[ chinensis Appendino et al[ "0882c# Appendino et al[ "0882c# Guo et al[ "0884# Kobayashi et al[ "0883#\ Konda et al[ "0883# and Zhang et al[ "0885# Barboni et al[ "0883a# Kobayashi et al[ "0884# Barboni et al[ "0883a# and Zhang\ Fang\ Liang\ + He "0883# Doss\ Carney\ Shanks\ Williamson\ + Chamberlain "0886# Zhang et al[ "0883a# Appendino et al[ "0882c# Barboni et al[ "0884a# and Doss et al[ "0886# Kobayashi\ Hosoyama\ Katsui\ Yoshida\ + Shigemori "0885# Ma et al[ "0883# Yang et al[ "0885# Zhang et al[ "0883a# Yang et al[ "0885# Zhang + Sun "0884# and Zhang\ Sun\ + Takeda "0884# Zhang + Sun "0884# Zhang + Sun "0884# Zhang + Sun "0884# Ma et al[ "0883# Ma et al[ "0883# T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ mairei Yang et al[ "0885# Ho et al[ "0876b# and Yeh\ Wang\ Yang\ + Chen "0878# Yang et al[ "0885# Zhang et al[ "0883a# Yang et al[ "0885# T[ chinensis Ma et al[ "0883# T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ wallichiana T[ baccata Sugiyama et al[ "0883# Yang et al[ "0885# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885a\ 0886# Topcu et al[ "0883# T[ chinensis Ma et al[ "0883# 1a\4a\8a\09b\03b!Pentacetoxytaxa!3"19#\00!diene "33# Taxuyunnanine G "34# Taxuyunnanine H "35# Taxuyunnanine I "36# Taxuyunnanine J "37# 1a\4a\09b!Triacetoxy!03b!propanoyl!oxy!3"19#\ 00!taxadiene "38# 1a\4a\09b!Triacetoxy!03b!"1?!methyl#!propanoyloxy!3"19#\00! taxadiene "49# Taiwanxan "40# Taxuyunnanine B "41# 8a!Hydroxy!03b!"1?!methylbutyryl#oxy!1a\4a\09b!triacetoxytaxa! 3"19#\00!diene "42# 1a\4a\09b!Triacetoxy!03b!"1?!methyl#!butanoyloxy!3"19#\00! taxadiene "43# Taxa!3"19#\00!diene!09b!methoxy!1a\4a!diacetoxy!03b!a! methylbutyrate "44# Yunnanxane "45# Continued on next pa`e Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0178 Table 0*continued[ Compound Species Refs[ T[ yunnanensis 1!Deacetoxytaxinine B "69# T[ chinensis T[ wallichiana 4!Cinnamoyl!8\09!diacetyltaxicin I "60# 4!Cinnamoyl!8!acetyltaxicin!I "61# T[ baccata T[ baccata 4!Cinnamoyl!09!acetyltaxicin!I "62# 4!Cinnamoyl!8!acetyltaxicin!II "63# 4!Cinnamoyl!09!acetyltaxicin!II "64# 0\8a!Dihydroxy!1a\09b!diacetoxy!4a!cinnamoyltaxa!3"19#\00! diene!02!one "65# 0\09b!Dihydroxy!1a\8a!diacetoxy!4a!cinnamoyltaxa!3"19#\00! diene!02!one "66# Taxine B "67# T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ media Chen et al[ "0880a# and Chen\ Chang\ Wu\ + Zheng "0880b# Yang et al[ "0885# Chiang "0864# Chiang\ Woods\ Nakadaira\ + Nakanishi "0856#\ Kobayashi et al[ "0883# and Tong et al[ "0883# Hall et al[ "0886# Yeh et al[ "0877# Takahashi "0820# Barboni et al[ "0884a# Barboni et al[ "0884a# Kobayashi et al[ "0884# Hall et al[ "0886# Kobayashi et al[ "0884# Tong et al[ "0884# Kobayashi et al[ "0883# Tong et al[ "0883# Appendino\ Ozen\ Gariboldi\ Gabetta\ + Bombardelli "0882d# Bourbeau "0843# and Olsen et al[ "0887# Chiang "0864# Takahashi "0820#\ Kurono\ Nakadaira\ Onuma\ Sasaki\ + Nakanishi "0852#\ Yoshizaki\ Madarame\ Takahashi\ + Hisamichi "0875#\ Kobayashi et al[ "0883#\ Konda et al[ "0883#\ Tachibana\ Itoh\ Ohkubo\ + Towers "0883a#\ Tachibana\ Matsuo\ Itoh\ + Oki "0883b#\ Tong et al[ "0883# and Ando et al[ "0886# Liu et al[ "0873# and Yang et al[ "0885# Woods et al[ "0857#\ Yoshizaki et al[ "0875#\ Kobayashi et al[ "0883#\ Konda et al[ "0883#\ Tachibana et al[ "0883a#Tachibana et al[ "0883b#\ Tong et al[ "0883# and Zhang et al[ "0885# Liang et al[ "0887# Shrestha\ Chetri\ Banskota\ Manandhar\ + Taylor "0886# Appendino et al[ "0883b# Appendino\ Gariboldi\ Pisetta\ Bombardelli\ + Gabetta "0881b#\ Aljancic\ Papovic\ Gasic\ + Stefanovic "0885# Appendino et al[ "0881b# and Aljancic et al[ "0885# Appendino et al[ "0881b# Appendino et al[ "0881b# Chmurny et al[ "0882# T[ media Chmurny et al[ "0882# T[ baccata Taxine II "68# T[ baccata T[ cuspidata Taxine I "79# T[ baccata 1?!Hydroxy taxine II "70# 1\8!Dideacetyltaxine II "71# 8!Deacetyltaxine I "72# 1\09!Dideacetyltaxine II "73# 09!Deacetyltaxine I "74# 4!Decinnamoyltaxagi_ne "75# T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ canadensis T[ chinensis Graf\ Weinandy\ Koch\ + Breitmaier "0875#\ Ettouati\ Ahond\ Poupat\ + Potier "0880# and Jenniskens\ Van Rozendall\ van Beek\ Wiegerinck\ + Scheeren "0885# Lythgoe "0857# Yoshizaki et al[ "0875#\ Kobayashi et al[ "0883# and Ando et al[ "0886# Graf et al[ "0875#\ Baxter\ Lythgoe\ Scales\ Trippett\ + Blount "0847#\ Appendino et al[ "0882f# Ando et al[ "0886# Jenniskens et al[ "0885# Jenniskens et al[ "0885# Jenniskens et al[ "0885# Jenniskens et al[ "0885# Zamir et al[ "0881a#Zamir et al[ "0884a# Zhang et al[ "0889# Continued on next pa`e Taxinine A "46# 6b!Acetoxytaxinine A "47# Taxinine H "48# 1\09!Di!O!acetyl!4!decinnamoyltaxicin I "59# Triacetyl!4!decinnamoyltaxicin I "50# Taxuspine F "51# Taxuspine G "52# 8a\09b!Diacetyltaxicin I "53# 4!Cinnamoyltaxincin I triacetate "54# 09!Deacetyltaxinine B "55# 1!O!Acetyl!4!O!cinnamoyltaxicin I "56# Taxinine "57# Taxinine B "58# T[ mairei T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ media T[ mairei T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ media T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ cuspidata 0189 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Table 0*continued[ Compound Species Refs[ 4!Decinnamoyl!4!acetyltaxagi_ne "76# Taxinine M "77# T[ chinensis T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ chinensis T[ mairei Zhang et al[ "0889# Beutler\ Chmurny\ Look\ + Witherup "0880# Tong et al[ "0883# Zamir et al[ "0881a# Zhang + Jia "0880b# Barboni et al[ "0884b# Chauviere et al[ "0870#Chauviere et al[ "0871# Yoshizaki\ Fukuda\ Hisamichi\ Ishida\ + In "0877# and Tong et al[ "0883# Yoshizaki et al[ "0877# and Tong et al[ "0883# Yang et al[ "0885# Wang\ Shigemori\ + Kobayashi "0885a# Wang et al[ "0885a# Chen et al[ "0883a# Wang\ Shigemori\ + Kobayashi "0885b# Li\ Tanaka\ Fuji\ Sun\ + Taga "0882# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Li et al[ "0882# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Liang + Kingston "0882# 1!Deacetyl!4!decinnamoyltaxagi_ne "78# 08!Debenzoyl!08!acetyltaxinine M "89# Taxagi_ne "80# Taxacin "81# Taxuspine S "82# Taxuspine T "83# 4!Decinnamoyl!00!acetyl!08!hydroxy!taxigi_ne "84# Taxuspine L "85# Taxchin A "86# T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ yunnanensis T[ cuspidata T[ chinensis Taxchin B "87# 4a\6b\8a\09b\02a!Pentaacetoxy!1a!benzoyloxy!3a\19! dihydroxytax!00!ene "88# 6b\8a\09b\02a\19!Pentaacetoxy!1a!benzoyloxy!3a\4a! dihydroxytax!00!ene "099# Taxumairol A "090# Taxuspine R "091# Taxumairol E "092# Baccatin I "093# T[ mairei Liang + Kingston "0882# T[ mairei T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ baccata 0b!Hydroxybaccatin I "094# T[ baccata Shen\ Tai\ + Chen "0885# Wang et al[ "0885a# Shen + Chen "0886a# Chan et al[ "0855# and Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0869# Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0869# and Rojatkar et al[ "0885# Chu\ Davin\ Zajicek\ Lewis\ + Croteau "0882# Zhang et al[ "0883b# Yeh et al[ "0877# Miller\ Powell\ Smith "Jr#\ Arnold\ + Clardy "0870# and Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885b# Senilh et al[ "0873# Chu et al[ "0882# and Rao\ Bhakuni\ Hanuman\ Davies\ + Johnson "0885# Shen + Chen "0886b# Gabetta et al[ "0884b# Zhang + Jia "0889# and Hongjie et al[ "0886# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Zhang\ Chen\ + Chen "0881# Shen et al[ "0885# and Shen + Chen "0886a# Shen + Chen "0886a# Shen + Chen "0886a# Della Casa de Marcano + Halsall "0869# Zhang + Jia "0889# Zamir et al[ "0881a#Zamir et al[ "0881b# Jia + Zhang "0880a# Lian\ Min\ Mizuno\ Tanaka\ + Iinuma "0877# and Shen et al[ "0885# Chen et al[ "0880# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Hongjie et al[ "0886# Chu et al[ "0882# T[ brevifolia T[ chinensis T[ mairei T[ wallichiana 0b!Hydroxy!6!deacetylbaccatin I "095# 0b!Hydroxy!6\8!dideacetylbaccatin I "096# Taxumairol C "097# Taxumairol D "098# 4!Deacetylbaccatin I "009# 0b!Acetoxy!4\6\09!deacetylbaccatin I "000# 0b!Hydroxy!1\4\6\09!tetradeacetylbaccatin I "001# 0!Acetoxy!4!deacetylbaccatin I "002# 0!Hydroxy!1\6\8!trideacetylbaccatin I "003# 0b!Hydroxy!09!deacetylbaccatin I "004# 0b\8a!Dihydroxy!3b\19!epoxy!1a\4a\6b\09b\02a!pentacetoxy!tax! 00!ene "005# Taxuspine V "006# T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ mairei T[ media T[ yunnanensis T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ canadensis T[chinensis T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ brevifolia T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana Shen + Chen "0886b# Hongjie et al[ "0886# Senilh et al[ "0873# Hosoyama\ Inubushi\ Katsui\ Shigemori\ + Kobayashi "0885# Barboni et al[ "0886# Continued on next pa`e Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0180 Table 0*continued[ Compound Species Refs[ Taxumairol F "007# 6b!Acetoxy!8!acetylspicataxine "008# Baccatin III "019# T[ mairei T[ media T[ baccata Shen + Chen "0886b# Appendino et al[ "0883a# Chan et al[ "0855#\ Della Casa de Marcano\ Halsall\ + Horby "0869a#\ Della Casa de Marcano\ Halsall\ + Thomas "0864#\ Liu et al[ "0873#\ Senilh et al[ "0873#\ Gabetta et al[ "0884a# and Lauren\ Jensen\ + Douglas "0884# Witherup et al[ "0878# and Vance\ Kelsey\ + Sabin "0883# Hoke et al[ "0881# Wang "0886# Chen et al[ "0880#\ Rao\ Liu\ Zhang\ Chen\ + Fang "0880# and Xiang\ Zhang\ Run\ + Sun "0886# Shen + Chen "0886a# Della Casa de Marcano\ Halsall\ Castellano\ + Hodder "0869b# and Castellano + Hodder "0862# Chauviere et al[ "0870# Zhang + Jia "0880a# McLaughhlin\ Miller\ Powell\ + Smith "Jr# "0870# Zhang + Jia "0889# Senilh\ Gueritte\ Guenard\ Colin\ + Potier "0873#\ Chattopadhyay\ Tripathi\ Thakur\ Sharma\ + Jain "0883#\ Lauren et al[ "0884# and Guo et al[ "0885# Kingston et al[ "0871#\ Senilh et al[ "0873#\ Rao "0882#\ Chu et al[ "0883# and Vance et al[ "0883# Zamir et al[ "0881a\ 0884a# Tong et al[ "0883# Vander Velde et al[ "0883#\ Zhang et al[ "0884c#\ Singh et al[ "0886# and Wang "0886# Zhang + Jia "0889# and Chen\ Zhang\ Zhon\ Liu\ + Fang "0883b# Margra}\ Bezard\ Bourzat\ + Commercon "0883# Zamir et al[ "0881a# Hall et al[ "0886# Zhang + Jia "0889# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Chen et al[ "0883a# Fuji et al[ "0882# Gabetta et al[ "0884a# Chen\ Gao\ + Chen "0885# Gabetta et al[ "0884a# Chauviere et al[ "0870# Witherup et al[ "0878# and Vance et al[ "0883# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Liang et al[ "0887# Tong et al[ "0883# McLaughlin et al[ "0870# and Wang "0886# Chen et al[ "0883b# and Hongjie et al[ "0883# Senilh et al[ "0873# Wani et al[ "0860#\ Chauviere et al[ "0870#\ Senilh et al[ "0873#\ Sorochinskii\ Prokhnevskii\ + Grodzinskii "0889#\ Vidensek\ Lim\ Campbell\ + Carlson "0889#\ Witherup et al[ "0889#\ Sorochinskii + Prokhnevskii "0880#\ Chattopadhyay et al[ "0883#\ Lauren et al[ "0884# and Zobel\ Furmanowa\ Glowniak\ + Cragg "0885# Witherup et al[ "0878#\ Jennings\ Deutsch\ Zalkow\ + Teja "0881#\ Wheeler et al[ "0881#\ Rao "0882# and Vance et al[ "0883# Zamir et al[ "0881a#Zamir et al[ "0884a# Xu + Liu "0878\ 0880# and Liang et al[ "0887# Continuned on next pa`e T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis Baccatin V "010# 08!Hydroxybaccatin III "011# 09!Deacetylbaccatin III "012# T[ mairei T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ chinensis T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis 8!Hydroxy!09!deacetylbaccatin III "013# 0!Acetyl!09!deacetylbaccatin III "014# 0!Dehydroxybaccatin III "015# 6!epi!09!Deacetylbaccatin III "016# 6!Xylosyl!09!deacetoxybaccatin III "017# 08!Hydroxy!6!epi!baccatin III "018# 02!epi!09!Deacetylbaccatin III "029# 0\02!Diacetoxy!09!deacetylabaccatin III "020# 1!Debenzoyl!1!tigloyl!09!deacetyl!baccatin III "021# 09!Deacetyltaxol "022# 09b!Hydroxybutyrate!09!deacetyltaxol A "023# Paclitaxel ðTaxol "024#Ł T[ baccata T[ canadensis T[ media T[ yunnanensis T[ canadensis T[ yunnanensis T[ chinensis T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ chinensis 0181 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Table 0*continued[ Compound Species Refs[ T[ cuspidata Wani et al[ "0860#\ Witherup et al[ "0889#\ Hoke et al[ "0881#\ Kobayashi et al[ "0883#\ Tachibana et al[ "0883b#\ Tong et al[ "0883#\ Zhang et al[ "0885#\ Zobel et al[ "0885# and Kikuchi\ Kawamura\ Ohira\ + Yatagi "0886# Witherup et al[ "0889#\ Vidensek et al[ "0889# and Zobel et al[ "0885# Miller et al[ "0870#\ Vander Velde et al[ "0883#\ Zhang et al[ "0884c#\ Singh et al[ "0886# and Wang "0886# Castellano + Hodder "0862#\ Chen et al[ "0880\ 0882\ 0885#\ Rao et al[ "0880#\ Liu\ Wu\ + Wang "0882#\ Hongjie et al[ "0883#\ Yan\ Fan\ + Wang "0885# and Xiang et al[ "0886# Senilh et al[ "0873# Chen et al[ "0880# Senilh et al[ "0873# Huang\ Kingston\ Magri\ Samaranayake\ + Boettner "0875# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Zobel et al[ "0885# Zobel et al[ "0885# Zobel et al[ "0885# Wang "0886# Della Casa de Marcano et al[ "0869b# Guo et al[ "0884# Rao "0882# and Vance et al[ "0883# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885a# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Chen et al[ "0880# Rao "0882# Chen et al[ "0883a# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Kingston et al[ "0871# Kingston et al[ "0871# Chen et al[ "0882# Hongjie et al[ "0883# Hongjie et al[ "0883# Hongjie et al[ "0883# and Xiang et al[ "0886# Barboni et al[ "0883b# Zhang et al[ "0882# and Xiang et al[ "0886# Barboni et al[ "0883b# Senilh et al[ "0873# Chen et al[ "0885# Senilh et al[ "0873# and Guo et al[ "0884# Zhang et al[ "0884c# and Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885a\ "0886# Appendino et al[ "0883a# Della Casa de Marcano et al[ "0869a#\ Chauviere et al[ "0870#\ Vanhaelen et al[ "0881#\ Lauren et al[ "0884# and Zobel et al[ "0885# Witherup et al[ "0878#\ Stasko et al[ "0878#\ Harvey\ Campbell\ Kelsey\ + Vance "0880#\ Rao "0882# and Vance et al[ "0883# Zamir et al[ "0881a\ 0884a# Hoke et al[ "0881#\ Tong et al[ "0883#\ Zhang et al[ "0885#\ Zobel et al[ "0885# Zobel et al[ "0885# Vander Velde et al[ "0883#\ Zhang et al[ "0884c#\ Rao et al[ "0885#\ Singh et al[ "0886# and Wang "0886# Chen et al[ "0880\ 0882#\ Rao et al[ "0880#\ Hongjie et al[ "0883# and Yan et al[ "0885# Chauviere et al[ "0870# Continued on ext pa`e T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis 6!Xylosyl!09!deacetyltaxol A "025# 6!Xylosyltaxol A "026# 6!epi!Taxol "027# 6!epi!09!Deacetyltaxol "028# 09!Deacetyltaxol!6!xyloside "039# 6!Xylosyltaxol "030# 09!Deacetyltaxol!1?\6!diacetate "031# Taxol!1?\6!diacetate "032# Yunnanxol "033# 6!Epitaxuyannanine A "034# 6!Epi!09!deacetyltaxuyannanine A "035# 09!Deacetyltaxuyannanine A "036# Taxol C "037# N!Methyltaxol C "038# 6!Xylosyltaxol C "049# 6!Xylosyl!09!deacetyltaxol C "040# N!Debenzoyl!N!butanoyltaxol ðTaxol D "041#Ł Cephalomannine "042# T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ media T[ wallicniana T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis T[ brevifolia T[ yunnanensis T[ wallichiana T[ brevifolia T[ brevifolia T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ media T[ yunnanensis T[ media T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ wallichiana T[ media T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ cuspidata T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis 09!Deacetylcephalomannine "043# T[ baccata Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0182 Table 0*continued[ Compound Species Refs[ T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis Witherup et al[ "0878# Tong et al[ "0883# McLaughlin et al[ "0870# Chen et al[ "0883b#\ Hongjie et al[ "0883# and Xiang et al[ "0886# Senilh et al[ "0873# De Bellis\ Lovati\ Pace\ Peterlongo\ + Zini "0884# Chen et al[ "0883b# Senilh et al[ "0873# Senilh et al[ "0873# Chen et al[ "0885# Rao "0882# Morita et al[ "0886a# Appendino et al[ "0881a# and Bombardelli + Gabetta "0887# Appendino et al[ "0882e# Fuji et al[ "0882# Gabetta et al[ "0884b# Huang et al[ "0875# Guo et al[ "0884# Hongjie et al[ "0883# Chan et al[ "0855#\ Della Casa de Marcano et al[ "0864# and Rojatkar et al[ "0885# Rao et al[ "0885# Liang et al[ "0877a# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885b# Della Casa de Marcano et al[ "0864# and Senilh et al[ "0873# Della Casa de Marcano et al[ "0864# Liang et al[ "0877a#\ Chuang et al[ "0878# Chuang et al[ "0881# Zhang + Jia "0889# Appendino et al[ "0883a# Lian et al[ "0877# Rao et al[ "0885# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Liang et al[ "0887# Min et al[ "0878# Rao et al[ "0885# Gunawardana et al[ "0881# and Zamir et al[ "0881a# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Zhang et al[ "0881# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Zamir et al[ "0884a# Morita\ Wei\ Gonda\ Takeya\ + Itokawa "0886b# Kobayashi et al[ "0884# Appendino et al[ "0882d# Chu\ Zajicek\ Davin\ Lewis\ + Croteau "0881# Chu et al[ "0881# Chu et al[ "0881# Hongjie et al[ "0886# Hongjie et al[ "0886# Morita et al[ "0886b# Della Casa de Marcano et al[ "0864# Kobayashi et al[ "0885# Hilton et al[ "0881# Zhang + Jia "0880b# Zhang + Jia "0880b# Wang et al[ "0885b# 09!b!Hydroxybutyrate!09!deacetyltaxol B "044# 6!epi!Cephalomanine "045# 6!epi!09!Deacetylcephalomannine "046# 6!Xylosyl!09!deacetyltaxol B "047# 6!Xylosyltaxol B "048# 6!epi!Taxol B "059# 09!Deacetylcephalomannine!6!xyloside "050# Taxuspinanane A "051# 03b!Hydroxy!09!deacetylbaccatin III "052# T[ baccata T[ media T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana 1!Debenzoyl!03b!benzoyloxy!09!deacetylbaccatin III "053# 09!Deacetyl!09!oxobaccatin V "054# 09!Deacetyl!09!dehydro!6!acetyltaxol A "055# 09!Deacetyl!09!oxo!6!epi!taxol "056# 6!Xylosyl!09!deacatyltaxol D "057# 09!Deacetyl!09!oxo!6!epi!taxuyannanine A "058# Baccatin IV "069# T[ wallichiana T[ chinensis T[ media T[ brevifolia T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata Baccatin VI "060# T[ brevifolia T[ mairei T[ wallichiana T[ baccata 0!Dehydroxybaccatin IV "061# T[ baccata T[ mairei 0!Acetylbaccatin IV "062# 3!Deacetylbaccatin IV "063# 0!Dehydroxy!3!deacetylbaccatin IV "064# 6\8!Deacetylbaccatin IV "065# T[ yunnanensis T[ media T[ mairei T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ mairei T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis 0!Dehydroxybaccatin VI "066# 8!Dihydro!02!acetylbaccatin III "067# 09!Hydroxyacetylbaccatin VI "068# 6\8\09!Trideacetylbaccatin VI "079# 6!epi!8\09!Trideacetylbaccatin VI "070# Taxuspine E "071# 8b!H!8!Dihydro!08!acetoxy!09!deacetylbaccatin III "072# 8\09!Dideacetyl!8\09!dibenzoylbaccatin VI "073# 09!Deacetyl!09!benzoylbaccatin VI "074# 6!Deacetyl!6!benzoylbaccatin VI "075# 09!Deacetylbaccatin VI "076# 8!Deacetylbaccatin VI "077# Taxuspinanane C "078# Baccatin VII "089# Taxuspine N "080# Yunnanxamine "081# Taxagi_ne III "082# 3!Deacetyltaxagi_ne!III "083# Taxuspine K "084# T[ chinensis T[ canadensis T[ canadensis T[ canadensis T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ brevifolia T[ brevifolia T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ yunnanensis T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata 0183 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Table 1 2\00!Cyclotaxanes isolated from di}erent Taxus species Compound Species Refs[ Taxinine K "085# Taxinine L "086# 4!Cinnamoyl!09!acetylphototaxicin I "087# T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata Taxuspine C "088# 4!a!Cinnamoyl!8!a!acetyl!phototaxicin I "199# Taxuspine H "190# T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ cuspidata Chiang et al[ "0856# Chiang et al[ "0856# Appendino\ Lusso\ Gariboldi\ Bombardelli\ + Gabetta "0881c#\ Bombardelli + Gabetta "0883# and Aljancic et al[ "0885# Kobayashi et al[ "0883# Appendino et al[ "0882d# and Aljancic et al[ "0885# Kobayashi et al[ "0884# Compound Species Refs[ Taxchinin D "191# Taxchinin E "192# Taxchinin G "193# Brevifoliol "194# T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ brevifolia T[ brevifolia Li et al[ "0882# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Tanaka et al[ "0883# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Li et al[ "0882# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Balza et al[ "0880#\ Chu et al[ "0883# and Vance et al[ "0883# Vander Velde et al[ "0883# Chu et al[ "0883# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885b# Chen and Kingston "0883# Barboni et al[ "0884b# Appendino et al[ "0882a# and Barboni et al[ "0882# Appendino et al[ "0882a# and Barboni et al[ "0882# Appendino et al[ "0882a#Appendino et al[ "0882d# Guo et al[ "0885# Appendino et al[ "0882a#Appendino et al[ "0882f# Fuji et al[ "0881\ 0882# Vander Velde et al[ "0883# and Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885b# Chu et al[ "0883# T[ brevifolia Chu et al[ "0883# T[ baccata Doss et al[ "0886# T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ chinensis T[ wallichiana T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ media T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana Chu et al[ "0883# Kobayashi et al[ "0883# Tanaka et al[ "0883# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Barboni et al[ "0884b# Kobayashi et al[ "0884# Wang et al[ "0885b# Gao\ Zhou\ Ding\ + Fang "0886# Tong et al[ "0884# Kobayashi et al[ "0885# Morita et al[ "0886a# Tong et al[ "0884# Shigemori et al[ "0886# Yue\ Fang\ + Liang "0884# Zhang et al[ "0883c# Fang et al[ "0886# Zhang et al[ "0883b# Tong et al[ "0883# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Continued on next pa`e Table 2 00"04:0#!Abeotaxanes isolated from di}erent Taxus species 02!Acetylbrevifoliol "195# 8!Deacetyl!8!benzoyl!09!debenzoylbrevifoliol "196# 09!Debenzoyl!1a!acetoxybrevifoliol "197# 6!Deacetoxy!09!debenzoylbrevifoliol "198# 09!Debenzoylbrevifoliol "109# 1a!Acetoxy!6!deacetoxy!09!debenzoylbrevifoliol "100# 8!Deacetyl!8!benzoyl!09!debenzoyltaxichin A "101# Taxchinin A "102# 09b!Benzoyloxy!0b!hydroxy!4a!"2?!dimethylamino!2?! phenylpropanoyloxy!6b\8a\02a!triacetoxy!00"04:0#!abeotaxa! 3"19#\00!diene "103# 09b!Benzoyloxy!0b!hydroxy!4a!"2?!methylamino!2?!phenyl#! propanoyloxy!6b\8a\02a!triacetoxy!00"04:0#!abeotaxa!3"19#\00! diene "104# "!#!1a!Acetoxy!1?\6!dideacetoxy!0!hydroxy!00"04:0#!abeo! austopicatine "105# Taxuspine A "106# Taxchinin H "107# Taxuspine J "108# Taxuspine M "119# Taxamedin A "110# Taxacustone "111# Taxuspine O "112# Taxuspinanane B "113# 4!O!"b!D!Glucopyranosyl#!09b!benzoyltaxacustone "114# Taxuspine Y "115# Taxayuntin G "116# Yunantaxusin A "117# Taxuchin B "118# Taxuchin A "129# Taxacustin "120# T[ wallichiana T[ brevifolia T[ wallichiana T[ brevifolia T[ wallichiana T[ wallichiana T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ chinensis T[ wallichiana Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0184 Table 2*continued Compound Species Refs[ 6\8\09!Trideacetylabeobaccatin VI "121# Taxayuntin "122# T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis 6\02!Dideacetyl!8\09!didebenzoyltaxchinin C "123# 3!Deacetyl!8\09!didebenzoyl!8\09!diacetyltaxchinin C "124# 09!Debenzoyltaxchinin C "125# 09!Debenzoyl!09!acetyltaxchinin C "126# Taxchinin K "127# Taxchinin I "128# Taxuyunnanine F "139# 09\02!Deacetyl abeobaccatin IV "130# T[ brevifolia T[ media T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ media T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ yunnanensis T[ wallichiana 6\8\02!Deacetyl abeobaccatin IV "131# T[ wallichiana Taxayuntin E "132# Taxayuntin F "133# Taxayuntin A "134# 02!Acetyl!02!decinnamoyltaxchinin B "135# 6\ 8!Dideacetyltaxayuntin "136# 09!Benzoyloxy!1\3!diacetoxy!4\19!epoxy!0\6\8\02!tetrahydroxy! 00"04:0#!abeotaxane "137# Taxchinin C "138# Taxchinin B "149# T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ yunnanensis T[ brevifolia Appendino et al[ "0883b# Das\ Srinivas\ Padma Rao\ + Yadav "0884c# Tong et al[ "0883# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Chen et al[ "0882#\ Rao\ Zhou\ Chen\ Lu\ + Zheng "0883# and Zhang\ Takeda\ + Sun "0884a# Chen + Kingston "0883# Barboni et al[ "0883a# Barboni et al[ "0883a# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0885a\ 0886# Barboni et al[ "0883a# Tanaka et al[ "0883# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Tanaka et al[ "0883# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Zhang et al[ "0884a# and Zhang\ Sun\ + Takeda "0884b# Chattopadhyay\ Sharma\ Appendino\ + Gariboldi "0884# Chattopadhyay\ Saha\ Kulshrestha\ Sharma\ + Roy "0886# Yue\ Fang\ Liang\ + He "0884a# Yue et al[ "0884a# Chen\ Zhou\ Zhang\ + Fang "0882# Das\ Rao\ Srinivas\ Yadav\ + Das "0884# Zhong\ Hua\ + Fan "0885a\ 0885b# Rao et al[ "0885# T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ yunnanensis Fuji et al[ "0882# Fuji et al[ "0882# Bogdan + Ding "0881# Tanaka et al[ "0883# and Fuji et al[ "0884# Wang et al[ "0885a# Barboni et al[ "0883a# Appendino et al[ "0882e# Zhang et al[ "0884a\ 0884b# Compound Species Refs[ Taxin B "145# 1!Deacetyltaxin B "146# Deaminoacyltaxine A "147# T[ yunnanensis T[ yunnanensis T[ baccata T[ media T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ baccata Yue\ Fang\ Liang\ He\ + Jing "0884b# Yue et al[ "0884b# Appendino et al[ "0883b# Hall et al[ "0886# Hosoyama et al[ "0885# Kobayashi et al[ "0883# Graf "0845\ 0847# Barboni et al[ "0884a# Poupat\ Ahond\ + Potier "0883# and Barboni et al[ "0884a# Taxchinin J "140# Taxuspine Q "141# 02!Deacetoxy!02\04!epoxy!00"04:0#!abeo!02!epi!baccatin VI "142# 09\04!Epoxy!00"04:0#!abeo!09!deacetylbaccatin III "143# Taxuyunnanine E "144# Table 3 1"2:19# Abeotaxanes isolated from di}erent Taxus species Taxuspine W "148# Taxuspine B "159# Taxine A "150# 6!O!Acetyltaxine A "151# 1!Deacetyltaxine A "152# 0185 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Table 4 Pretaxoids isolated from di}erent Taxus species Compound Species Refs[ Canadensene "154# T[ canadensis T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata Zamir et al[ "0884b# Fang\ Fang\ + Liang "0885# Fang\ Fang\ Liang\ Lu\ + Zheng "0884# Fang et al[ "0884# Hosoyama et al[ "0885# Fang et al[ "0885# Shigemori et al[ "0886# Compound Species Refs[ Ecdysterone "160# T[ baccata Lloyd!Jones\ Rees\ + Goodwin "0862# and Kholodova\ Pasternak\ + Apostolov "0865# Nei "0868# Imai\ Fujioka\ Nakanishi\ Koreeda\ + Kurokawa "0856# and Ripa\ Martin\ Cocciolone\ + Adler "0889# Wani et al[ "0860# and Nakano\ Nohara\ Tomimatsu\ + Nishikawa "0871# Rao et al[ "0885# Imai et al[ "0856# Burns + Gilgan "0866# Yoshizaki et al[ "0875# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Olsen et al[ "0887# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858#\ Liu et al[ "0873#\ Chuang et al[ "0878\ 0881# Zhang et al[ "0884c# and Shrestha et al[ "0886# Zhang et al[ "0884c# Yoshizaki et al[ "0875# Guo et al[ "0883# Chen et al[ "0885# Arslanian et al[ "0884# Liang et al[ "0887# Liang et al[ "0876# and Liang\ Min\ Tanaka\ Mizuno\ + Iinuma "0877b# Liang et al[ "0876\ 0877b# Arslanian et al[ "0884# Bourbeau "0843# and Czeczuga "0875# Bodea\ Nicoara\ + Salontai "0853# Taxachitriene A "155# Taxachitriene B "156# Taxuspine U "157# 4!Deacetytaxachitriene B "158# Taxuspine X "169# Table 5 Non!taxoid isoprenoids isolated from Taxus species T[ chinensis T[ cuspidata Taxisterone "161# T[ cuspidata Ponasterone A "162# T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ cuspidata T[ ~oridana T[ mairei Makisterone A "163# Campesterol "164# b!Sitosterol "165# Taxamairin A "171# T[ wallichiana T[ wallichiana T[ cuspidata T[ mairei T[ yunnanensis T[ brevifolia T[ chinensis T[ mairei Taxamairin B "172# Taxamairin C "173# Rhodoxanthin "174# Escholtzxanthone "175# T[ mairei T[ mairei all species T[ baccata Daucosterol "166# Stigmasterol "167# b!Sitostenone "168# 2!epi!Ursolicacid "179# Brevitaxin "170# Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0186 Table 6 Lignans isolated from di}erent Taxus species Compound Species Refs[ Secoisolariciresinol "176# T[ baccata T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata King\ Jurd\ + King "0841#\ Erdtman + Tsuno "0858#\ Majumdar\ Srinivasan\ + Venkataraman "0861# and Das et al[ "0883b# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Liu et al[ "0873#\ Chuang et al[ "0878\ 0881#\ Guo et al[ "0883# and Shen\ Chen\ Lin\ + Kuo "0886# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0886# Das et al[ "0883b# Das\ Takhi\ Srinivas\ + Yadav "0882b# Das\ Rao\ Srinivas\ + Yadav "0884b# T[ baccata Das\ Rao\ Srinivas\ + Yadav "0884a# T[ baccata Das et al[ "0884a# T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ media T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata Appendino et al[ "0883a# Miller et al[ "0871# Das et al[ "0884a# Appendino et al[ "0883a# Miller et al[ "0871# Das et al[ "0884b# Das et al[ "0884a# Das et al[ "0884a# King et al[ "0841#\ Erdtman + Tsuno "0858#\ Majumdar et al[ "0861# and Das et al[ "0883b# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# and Zhou\ Yu\ + Zhu "0871# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Liu et al[ "0873#\ Chuang et al[ "0878\ 0881#\ Chen et al[ "0880#\ Guo et al[ "0883# and Shen et al[ "0886# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0886# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# and Das et al[ "0883b# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# and Zhou et al[ "0871# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Das et al[ "0884a# Lee et al[ "0864#\ Liu et al[ "0873# and Shen et al[ "0886# Miller et al[ "0871# Miller et al[ "0871# Erdtman + Tsuno "0858# Majumdar et al[ "0861# Chattopadhyay et al[ "0886# Chuang et al[ "0881# Chuang et al[ "0881# Shen et al[ "0886# T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ ~oridana T[ mairei "−#!3!O!Methyl!2?!O!demethylsecoisolariciresinol "177# "−#!2!Dimethylsecoisolariciresinol "178# 1!"2\3!Dimethoxybenzyl#!2!"2\3!methylenedioxybenzylidene#! butane!0\3!diol "189# "−#!1!"2\3!Methylenedioxybenzyl#!2!"2\3!dimethoxybenzylidene#! butane!0\3!diol "180# "−#!1!"2\3!Methylenedioxybenzyl#!2!"2\3! methylenedioxybenzylidene#!butane!0\3!diol "181# Hydroxymatairesinol "182# "−#!Matairesinol "183# "−#!1!Epinortrachelogenin "184# Isoliovil "185# 3?!O!Demethylsuchilactone "186# "−#!Isohibalactone "187# "−#!Hibalactone "188# Isotaxiresinol "299# T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ ~oridana T[ mairei Isolariciresinol "290# Isotaxiresinol!5!methyl ether "291# a!Conidendrin "292# b!Conidendrin "293# Lariciresinol "294# Taxiresinol "295# D!Sesamin "296# 3!Hydroxysesamin "297# Taxumairin "298# T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ ~oridana T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ ~oridana T[ baccata T[ mairei T[ wallichiana T[ wallichiana T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ wallichiana T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ mairei 0187 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Table 7 Flavonoids isolated from di}erent Taxus species Compound Species Refs[ Ginkgetin "209# T[ baccata T[ canadensis T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ wallichiana T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ mairei T[ brevifolia T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata T[ brevifolia T[ cuspidata Khan et al[ "0865# Olsen et al[ "0887# Tatsuo + Tokunosuke "0847#\ Tachibana et al[ "0883b# and Konda et al[ "0884# Parveen\ Taufeeq\ + Khan "0874# and Qiu\ Lian\ Ma\ + He "0878# Khan et al[ "0865# and Aljancic\ Popovic\ + Stefanovic "0884# Tachibana et al[ "0883a# Olsen et al[ "0887# Tatsuo + Tokunosuke "0847#\ Tachibana et al[ "0883b# and Konda et al[ "0884# Parveen et al[ "0874#\ Qiu et al[ "0878# and Shrestha et al[ "0886# Khan et al[ "0865# Parveen et al[ "0874# and Qiu et al[ "0878# Gactana\ Pier\ Anna\ + Enzo "0851# and Gaetano\ Pier\ + Annan "0852# Tatsuo + Tokunosuke "0847# Tatsuo + Tokunosuke "0847# Singh et al[ "0886# Das\ Rao\ Srinivas\ + Yadav "0883a# Qiu et al[ "0878# and Das et al[ "0883a# Parmar et al[ "0882# Parmar et al[ "0882# and Das et al[ "0883a# Das et al[ "0883a# Chuang et al[ "0878# Tachibana et al[ "0883a# Tachibana et al[ "0883a# Tachibana et al[ "0883b# Tachibana et al[ "0883a# Tachibana et al[ "0883b# Compound Species Refs[ Taxicatin "212# T[ baccata Lefebvre "0896#\ Herissey + Lefebvre "0896a# and Merz + Preuss "0830\ 0831# Olsen et al[ "0887# Nahrstedt "0868# Rosen\ Farnden\ Conn\ + Hanson "0864# Nahrstedt "0868# Khan et al[ "0865#\ Chattopadhyay et al[ "0883#\ Parmar et al[ "0880# Olsen et al[ "0887# Dittrich + Danboek "0866#\ Heilemann\ Wray\ + Strack "0889# Dittrich\ Gietl\ + Kandler "0860# Das et al[ "0882b\ 0883b# Nahrstedt "0868# Nahrstedt "0868# Herissey + Lefebvre "0896b# and Merz + Preuss "0831# Dittrich et al[ "0860# Dittrich et al[ "0860# T[ wallichiana Sciadopitysin "200# T[ baccata T[ brevifolia T[ canadensis T[ cuspidata T[ wallichiana Sequoia~avone "201# Sotetsu~avone "202# Kaya~avone "203# Amento~avone "204# 3?\6\6ý!Tri!O!methylamento~avone "205# 3?\3ý\6\6ý!Tetra!O!methyl!amento~avone "206# 3?\6ý!Di!O!methylamento~avone "207# "¦#!Taxifolin "208# Kaempferol "219# Quercetin "210# Isorhamnetin "211# T[ baccata T[ wallichiana T[ baccata Table 8 Glycosides isolated from di}erent Taxus species "S#!Dhurrin "214# Betuloside ðRhododendrin "215#Ł T[ canadensis T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ baccata L!3!p!Coumaroyl!myo!inositol "216# T[ canadensis T[ baccata D!0!O!Methyl!muco!inositol "217# Taxuside "218# Triglochinine "229# Isotriglochinine "220# Ra.nose "221# D!Pinitol "222# Sequoitol "223# T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata "R#!Taxiphylline "213# Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 0188 Table 09 Novel compounds of di}erent types isolated from Taxus species Compound Species Refs[ Coniferaldehyde "224# Vanillin "225# Kojic acid "226# 09!Nonacosanol "227# 2!Phenylpropanol "228# 2!"2?\3?!Dihydroxyphenyl#propanol "239# 2!"3?!Hydroxy!2?!methoxyphenyl#!propanol "230# 2!"3!Hydroxyphenyl#propyl tetracosanoate "231# 2!"3!Hydroxyphenyl#propyl pentacosanoate "232# 2!"3!Hydroxyphenyl#propyl hexacosanoate "233# 2!"3!Hydroxyphenyl#propyl dotriacontanoate "234# 2!"3!Hydroxyphenyl#propyl tetratriacontanoate "235# 3!"3?!Hydroxyphenyl#!1R!butanolð"!#!Rhododendrol:betuligenol "236#Ł T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ mairei T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ canadensis T[ canadensis T[canadensis T[ canadensis T[ canadensis T[ brevifolia Tyler "0859# and Jia + Zhang "0880a# Liang et al[ "0877a# and Guo et al[ "0883# Yoshizaki et al[ "0878# Yoshizaki et al[ "0878# Das et al[ "0883b# Das et al[ "0883b# Das et al[ "0883b# Olsen et al[ "0887# Olsen et al[ "0887# Olsen et al[ "0887# Olsen et al[ "0887# Olsen et al[ "0887# Chu et al[ "0883# T[ baccata Khan et al[ "0865#\ Das\ Takhi\ Kumar\ Srinivas\ + Yadav "0882a# and Das et al[ "0883b# Singh et al[ "0886# Rojatkar\ Sawaikar\ Ravindranathan\ + Nagasampagi "0884# Das et al[ "0882a#Das et al[ "0883b# Das et al[ "0882a#Das et al[ "0883b# Appendino et al[ "0882b# Appendino et al[ "0882b# Appendino et al[ "0882b# Jones + Lynn "0822#\ Le!Page!Degivry et al[ "0869\ 0860# Madrigal + Smith "0864# Itabashi + Takagi "0871# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Le!Page!Degivry "0862# and Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Le!Page!Degivry "0862# and Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Luczak + Swiatek "0884# Shrestha et al[ "0886# 3!"3?!Hydroxyphenyl#!1S!butanol "237# T[ wallichiana T[ baccata 3!"2?\3?!Dihydroxyphenyl#!1R!butanol "238# 3!"2?!Methoxy!3?!hydroxyphenyl#!1R!butanol "249# Deglycosylicariside B3 "240# Dehydrovomifoliol "241# Vomifoliol "242# Abscissic acid "243# T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ wallichiana T[ wallichiana T[ wallichiana T[ baccata cis!4\cis!8!Octdecadienoic acid "244# T[ baccata T[ cuspidata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ baccata T[ wallichiana Vanillic acid "245# Pyrocatechuic acid "246# Protocatechuic acid "247# b!Resorcylic acid "248# Gentisic acid "259# g!Resorcylic acid "250# Pholoroglucinic acid "251# Gallic acid "252# Syringic acid "253# o!Hydroxyphenylacetic acid "254# p!Hydroxyphenylacetic acid "255# Homoprotocatechuic acid "256# Cinnamic acid "257# p!Coumaric acid "258# Ferulic acid "269# Ca}eic acid "260# Shikimic acid "261# Quinic acid "262# Benzoic acid 1!Hydroxy!\ 2!hydroxy! and 3!hydroxybenzoic acids b!Orcinolcarboxylate "263# updated and comprehensive review will help fellow scien! tists in locating information in one source[ Acknowledgements We thank the Danish International Development Agency "DANIDA\ Denmark# for _nancial assistance to carry out phytochemical investigations on a few Taxus species[ References Aljancic\ I[\ Popovic\ K[\ + Stefanovic\ M[ "0884#[ 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tochemistry\ 01\ 458[ Luczak\ S[\ + Swiatek\ L[ "0884#[ Fitoterapia\ 55\ 358[ Lythgoe\ B[ "0857#[ In R[ H[ F[ Manske "Ed[#\ The alkaloids "Vol[ 09\ p[ 486#[ New York] Academic Press[ Lythgoe\ B[\ Nakanishi\ K[\ + Uyeo\ S[ "0853#[ Proceedin` of the Chemi! cal Society\ London\ 290 "Chemical Abstracts\ 51\ 1#[ Ma\ W[\ Stahlhut\ R[ W[\ Adams\ T[ L[\ Park\ G[ L[\ Evans\ W[ A[\ Blumenthal\ S[ G[\ Gomez\ G[ A[\ Nieder\ M[ H[\ + Hylands\ P[ J[ "0883#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 46\ 0219[ Madrigal\ R[ V[\ + Smith\ C[ R[ "0864#[ Lipids\ 09\ 491 "Chemical Abstracts\ 72\ 038389#[ Majumdar\ R[ B[\ Srinivasan\ R[\ + Venkataraman\ K[ "0861#[ Indian Journal of Chemistry\ 09\ 566[ Margra}\ R[\ Bezard\ D[\ Bourzat\ J[ D[\ + Commercon\ A[ "0883#[ Bioor`anic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters\ 3\ 122[ McLaughlin\ J[ L[\ Miller\ R[ W[\ Powell\ R[ G[\ + Smith\ C[ R[ Jr[ "0870#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 33\ 201[ Merkx\ Y[ M[\ + Sevendsen\ A[ B[ "0889#[ Journal of Essential Oil Research\ 1\ 196 "Chemical Abstracts\ 003\ 28085#[ Merz\ K[ W[\ + Preuss\ R[ "0830#[ Archiv der Pharmazie\ 168\ 023 "Chemical Abstracts\ 24\ 5150#[ Merz\ K[ W[\ + Preuss\ R[ "0831#[ Archiv der Pharmazie\ 170\ 194 "Chemical Abstracts\ 27\ 4772#[ Miller\ R[ W[ "0879#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 32\ 314[ Miller\ R[ W[\ Powell\ R[ G[\ Smith\ C[R[ Jr[\ Arnold\ E[\ + Clardy\ J[ "0870#[ Journal of Or`anic Chemistry\ 35\ 0358[ Miller\ R[ W[\ McLaughlin\ J[ L[\ Powell\ R[ G[\ Plattner\ R[ D[\ Weisleder\ D[\ + Smith\ C[ R[ Jr[ "0871#[ Journal of Natural Prod! ucts\ 34\ 67[ Min\ Z[ D[\ Jiang\ H[\ + Liang\ J[ Y[ "0878#[ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 13\ 562 "Chemical Abstracts\ 001\ 62741#[ Miyazaki\ M[\ Shimizu\ K[\ Mishima\ H[\ + Kurabayashi\ M[ "0857#[ Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin\ 05\ 435[ Morelli\ I[ "0865#[ Fitoterapia\ 36\ 20[ Morita\ H[\ Gonda\ A[\ Wei\ L[\ Yamamura\ Y[\ Takeya\ K[\ + Itok! awa\ H[ "0886a#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 59\ 289[ Morita\ H[\ Wei\ L[\ Gonda\ A[\ Takeya\ K[\ + Itokawa\ H[ "0886b#[ Phytochemistry\ 35\ 472[ Nahrstedt\ A[ "0868#[ Journal of Chromato`raphy\ 006\ 046[ Nakano\ K[\ Nohara\ T[\ Tomimatsu\ T[\ + Nishikawa\ M[ "0871#[ Phytochemistry\ 10\ 1638[ Nei\ R[ L[ "0868#[ Chih Wu Hsueh Pao\ 10\ 71 "Chemical Abstracts\ 80\ 8392#[ Nicholson\ J[A "0823#[ Chemical Abstracts\ 17\ 3371[ Olsen\ C[ E[\ Singh\ R[\ Gupta\ S[\ Bisht\ K[ S[\ Malhotra\ S[\ Jain\ R[\ Jain\ S[ C[\ + Parmar\ V[ S[ "0887#[ Indian Journal of Chemistry\ 26B\ 717[ Parmar\ V[ S[\ Vardhan\ A[\ Taneja\ P[ Sinha\ R[\ Patnaik\ G[ K[\ Tripathi\ S[ C[\ Boll\ P[ M[\ + Larsen\ S[ "0880#[ Journal of the Chemical Society\ Perkin Transactions I\ 1576[ Parmar\ V[ S[\ Vardhan\ A[\ Bisht\ K[ S[\ Sharma\ N[ K[\ Jain\ R[\ Taneja\ P[\ Tyagi\ O[ D[\ + Boll\ P[ M[ "0882#[ Indian Journal of Chemistry\ 21B\ 590[ Parveen\ N[\ Taufeeq\ H[ M[\ + Khan\ N[ U[ D[ "0874#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 37\ 883[ Poupat\ C[\ Ahond\ A[\ + Potier\ P[ "0883#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 46\ 0357[ Qiu\ L[\ Lian\ M[\ Ma\ Z[\ + He\ G[ "0878#[ Zhiwu Xuebao\ 20\ 43 "Chemical Abstracts\ 000\ 080494#[ Rao\ K[ V[ "0882#[ Pharmaceutical Research\ 09\ 410 "Chemical Abstracts\ 007\ 139445#[ Rao\ C[\ Zhou\ Z[ Y[\ Chen\ W[ M[\ Lu\ Y[\ + Zheng\ Q[ T[ "0883#[ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 18\ 244 "Chemical Abstracts\ 010\ 115250#[ Rao\ C[\ Liu\ X[\ Zhang\ P[ L[\ Chen\ W[ M[\ + Fang\ Q[ C[ "0880#[ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 15\ 409 "Chemical Abstracts\ 005\ 44485#[ Rao\ K[ V[\ Bhakuni\ R[ S[\ Hanuman\ J[ B[\ Davies\ R[\ + Johnson\ J "0885#[ Phytochemistry\ 30\ 752[ Ripa\ P[ V[\ Martin\ E[ A[\ Cocciolone\ S[ M[\ + Adler\ J[ H[ "0889#[ Phytochemistry\ 18\ 314[ Roberto\ U[\ + Jelmoni\ A[ "0806#[ Chemical Abstracts\ 00\ 1718[ Rojatkar\ S[ R[\ Sawaikar\ D[ D[\ Ravindranathan\ T[\ + Nagasampagi\ B[ A[ "0884#[ Phytochemistry\ 28\ 148[ Rojatkar\ S[ R[\ Sinha\ B[\ Sawaikar\ D[ D[\ Sonawane\ K[ B[\ Panse\ Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 G[ T[\ Ravindranathan\ T[\ + Nagasampagi\ B[ A[ "0885#[ Indian Journal of Chemistry\ 24B\ 641[ Rosen\ M[ A[\ Farnden\ K[ J[ F[\ Conn\ E[ E[\ + Hanson\ K[ R[ "0864#[ The Journal of Biolo`ical Chemistry\ 149\ 7291[ Senilh\ V[\ Gueritte\ F[\ Guenard\ D[\ Colin\ M[\ + Potier\ P[ "0873a#[ Comptes Rendus Hebdomodaires des Seances Academic des Sciences\ Series 1\ 188\ 0928 "Chemical Abstracts\ 091\ 103519#[ Senilh\ V[\ Blechert\ S[\ Colin\ M[\ Guenard\ D[\ Picot\ F[\ Potier\ P[\ + Varenne\ P[ "0873b#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 36\ 020[ Shen\ Y[ C[\ + Chen\ C[ Y[ "0886a#[ Phytochemistry\ 33\ 0416[ Shen\ Y[ C[\ + Chen\ C[ Y[ "0886b#[ Planta Medica\ 0886\ 52\ 458[ Shen\ Y[ C[\ Tai\ H[ R[\ + Chen\ C[ Y[ "0885#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 48\ 062[ Shen\ Y[ C[\ Chen\ C[ Y[\ Lin\ Y[ M[\ + Kuo\ Y[ H[ "0886#[ Phyto! chemistry\ 35\ 0000[ Shigemori\ H[\ Wang\ X[ X[\ Yoshida\ N[\ + Kobayashi\ J[ "0886#[ Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin\ 34\ 0194[ Shrestha\ T[ B[\ Chetri\ S[ K[ H[\ Banskota\ A[ H[\ Manandhar\ M[ D[\ + Taylor\ W[ C[ "0886#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 59\ 719[ Singh\ B[\ Gujral\ R[ K[\ Sood\ R[ P[\ + Duddeck\ H[ "0886#[ Planta Medica\ 52\ 080[ Sorochinskii\ B[ V[\ + Prokhnevskii\ A[ I[ "0880#[ Khimiko!Far! matseutichesky Zhurnal\ 14\ 34 "Chemical Abstracts\ 003\ 088131#[ Sorochinskii\ B[ V[\ Prokhnevskii\ A[ I[\ + Grodzinskii\ D[ M[ "0889#[ Khim!Prir Soedin\ 691 "Chemical Abstracts\ 003\ 067994#[ Stasko\ M[ W[\ Witherup\ K[ M[\ Ghiorzi\ T[ J[\ McCloud\ T[ G[\ Look\ S[\ Muschik\ G[ M[\ + Issaq\ H[ J[ "0878# Journal of Liquid Chromato`raphy\ 01\ 1022 "Chemical Abstracts\ 001\ 40412#[ Sugiyama\ T[\ Oritani\ T[\ + Oritani\ T[ "0883#[ Bioscience\ Bio! technolo`y and Biochemistry\ 47\ 0812[ Tachibana\ S[ Itoh\ K[\ Ohkubo\ K[\ + Towers\ G[ H[ N[ "0883a#[ Mokuzai Gakkaishi\ 39\ 0283 "Chemical Abstracts\ 011\ 045168#[ Tachibana\ S[\ Matsuo\ A[\ Itoh\ K[\ + Oki\ T[ "0883b#[ Mokuzai Gakkaishi\ 39\ 0997 "Chemical Abstracts\ 012\ 75155#[ Takahashi\ T[ "0820#[ Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan\ 40\ 390 "Chemical Abstracts\ 14\ 3442#[ Takemoto\ T[\ Ogawa\ S[\ Nishimoto\ N[\ + Ho}miester\ H[ "0856#[ Zeitschrift Fuer Naturforschun`\ 11B\ 570[ Tanaka\ K[\ Fuji\ K[\ Yokoi\ T[\ Shingu\ T[\ Li\ B[\ + Sun\ H[\ Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin\ 0883\ 31\ 0428[ Tatsuo\ K[\ + Tokunosuke\ S[ "0847#[ Yaku`aku Zasshi\ 67\ 0909 "Chemical Abstracts\ 42\ 2191#[ Tong\ X[ J[\ Fang\ W[ S[\ Zhou\ J[ Y[\ He\ C[ H[\ Chen\ W[ M[\ + Fang\ Q[ C[ "0883#\ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 18\ 44 "Chemical Abstracts\ 010\ 20096#[ Tong\ X[ J[\ Fang\ W[ S[\ Zhou\ J[ Y[\ He\ C[ H[\ Chen\ W[ M[\ + Fang\ Q[ C[ "0884#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 47\ 122[ Topcu\ G[\ Sultana\ N[\ Akhtar\ F[\ Rehman\ H[\ Hussain\ T[\ Chou! dhary\ M[ I[\ + Rahman\ A[ "0883#[ Natural Product Letters\ 3\ 82 "Chemical Abstracts\ 010\ 064076#[ Tyler\ V[ E[\ Jr[ "0859#[ Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Associ! ation Scienti_ed Edition\ 38\ 572 "Chemical Abstracts\ 44\ 2998#[ Vance\ N[ C[\ Kelsey\ R[ G[\ + Sabin\ T[ E[ "0883#[ Phytochemistry\ 25\ 0130[ Vander Velde\ D[ G[\ Georg\ G[ I[\ Gollapudi\ S[ R[\ Jampani\ H[ B[\ Liang\ X[ Z[\ Mitscher\ L[ A[\ + Ye\ Q[M[\ Journal of Natural Products\ 0883\ 46\ 751[ Vanhaelen\ F[ R[\ Diallo\ B[\ Jaziri\ M[\ Faes\ M[ L[\ Homes\ J[\ + Vanhaelen\ M[ "0881#[ Journal of Liquid Chromato`raphy\ 04\ 586 "Chemical Abstracts\ 005\ 199832#[ Vidensek\ N[\ Lim\ P[\ Campbell\ A[\ + Carlson\ C[ "0889#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 42\ 0598[ Vohora\ S[ B[\ + Kumar\ I[\ Planta Medica\ 0860\ 1\ 099[ Wang\ W[ "0886#[ Sepu\ 04\ 143 "Chemical Abstracts\ 016\ 81699#[ Wang\ X[ X[\ Shigemori\ H[\ + Kobayashi\ J[ "0885a# Tetrahedron\ 41\ 1226[ 0292 Wang\ X[\ Shigemori\ H[\ + Kobayashi\ J[ "0885b#[ Tetrahedron\ 41\ 01048[ Wani\ M[ C[\ Taylor\ H[ L[\ Wall\ M[ E[\ Coggon\ P[\ + McPhail\ A[T[ "0860#[ Journal of the American Chemical Society\ 82\ 1214[ Wheeler\ N[ C[\ Jech\ K[\ Masters\ S[\ Brobst\ S[ W[\ Alvarado\ A[ B[\ Hoover\ A[ J[\ + Snader\ K[ M[ "0881#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 44\ 321[ Willis\ J[ C[ "0885#[ In H[ K[ A[ Shaw "Ed[#\ A dictionary of the ~owerin` plants and ferns "6th ed[\ p[ 0021#[ Cambridge] Cambridge University Press[ Witherup\ K[ M[\ Look\ S[ A[\ Stasko\ M[ W[\ McCloud\ T[ G[\ Issaq\ H[ J[\ + Muschik\ G[ M[ "0878#[ Journal of Liquid Chromato`raphy\ 01\ 1006 "Chemical Abstracts\ 001\ 054956#[ Witherup\ K[ M[\ Look\ S[ A[\ Stasko\ M[ W[\ Ghiorzi\ T[ J[\ Muschik\ G[ M[\ + Cragg\ G[ M[ "0889#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 42\ 0138[ Woods\ M[ C[\ Chiang\ H[ C[\ Nakadaira\ Y[\ + Nakanishi\ K[ "0857#[ Journal of the American Chemical Society\ 89\ 411[ Xiang\ W[\ Zhang\ H[\ Run\ D[\ + Sun\ H[ "0886#[ Zhiwu Ziyuan Yu Huanjin`\ 5\ 45 "Chemical Abstracts\ 016\ 164234#[ Xu\ L[ X[\ + Liu\ A[ R[ "0878#[ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 13\ 441 "Chemical Abstracts\ 001\ 2668#[ Xu\ L[ X[\ + Liu\ A[ R[ "0880#[ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 15\ 426 "Chemical Abstracts\ 005\ 013037#[ Yan\ J[\ Fan\ J[\ + Wang\ J[ "0885#[ Zhon``uo Yiyao Gon`ye Zazhi\ 16\ 420 "Chemical Abstracts\ 016\ 022211#[ Yang\ S[ J[\ Fang\ J[ M[\ + Cheng\ Y[ S[ "0885#[ Phytochemistry\ 32\ 728[ Yeh\ M[ K[\ Wang\ J[ S[\ Liu\ L[ P[\ + Chen\ F[ C[ "0877#[ Phy! tochemistry\ 16\ 0423[ Yeh\ M[ K[\ Wang\ J[ S[\ Liu\ L[ P[\ + Chen\ F[ C[ "0877#[ Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society\ Chemical Abstracts\ 009\ 000569[ Yeh\ M[ K[\ Wang\ J[ S[\ Yang\ W[ L[\ + Chen\ F[ C[ "0878#[ "Chemical Abstracts\ 009\ 43360#[ Yoshizaki\ F[\ Madarame\ M[\ Takahashi\ C[\ + Hisamichi\ S[ "0875#[ Shoyaku`aku\ Zasshi\ 39\ 318 "Chemical Abstracts\ 096\ 029750#[ Yoshizaki\ F[\ Fukuda\ M[\ Hisamichi\ S[\ Ishida\ T[\ + In\ Y[ "0877#[ Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin\ 25\ 1987[ Yoshizaki\ F[\ Fufuda\ M[\ + Hisamichi\ S[ "0878#[ "Chemical Abstracts\ 009\ 10017#[ Yue\ Q[\ Fang\ Q[ C[\ + Liang\ X[ T[ "0884a#[ Chinese Chemical Letters\ 5\ 114 "Chemical Abstracts\ 011\ 150985#[ Yue\ Q[\ Fang\ Q[ C[\ Liang\ X[ T[\ + He\ C[ H[ "0884#[ Phytochemistry\ 28\ 760[ Yue\ Q[\ Fang\ Q[ C[\ Liang\ X[ T[\ He\ C[ H[\ + Jing\ X[ L[ "0884c# Planta Medica\ 50\ 264[ Zamir\ L[ O[\ Nedea\ M[ E[\ + Garneau\ F[ X[ "0881a#[ Tetrahedron Letters\ 22\ 4124[ Zamir\ L[ O[\ Nedea\ M[ E[\ Belair\ S[\ Sauriol\ F[\ Mamer\ O[\ Jacqmain\ E[\ Jean\ F[ I[\ + Garneau\ F[ X[ "0881b#[ Tetrahedron Letters\ 22\ 4062[ Zamir\ L[ O[\ Nedea\ M[ E[\ Belair\ S[\ Sauriol\ F[\ Mamer\ O[\ Jacqmain\ E[\ Jean\ F[ I[\ + Garneau\ F[ X[ "0881#[Tetrahedron Letters\ 22\ 5437[ Zamir\ L[ O[\ Nedea\ M[ E[\ Zhou\ Z[ H[\ Belair\ S[\ Caron\ G[\ Sauriol\ F[\ Jacqmain\ E[\ Jean\ F[ I[\ Garneau\ F[ X[\ + Mamer\ O[ "0884a# Canadian Journal of Chemistry\ 62\ 544[ Zamir\ L[ O[\ Zhou\ Z[ H[\ Caron\ G[\ Nedea\ M[ E[\ Sauriol\ F[\ + Mamer\ O[ "0884b#[ Journal of the Chemical Society\ Chemical Communications\ 418[ Zhang\ Z[\ + Jia\ Z[ "0889#[ Phytochemistry\ 18\ 2562[ Zhang\ Z[\ + Jia\ Z[ "0880#[ Huaxue Xuebao\ 38\ 0912 "Chemical Abstracts\ 005\ 037077#[ Zhang\ Z[\ + Jia\ Z[ "0880#[ Phytochemistry\ 29\ 1234[ Zhang\ H[\ + Sun\ H[ "0884#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 47\ 0042[ Zhang\ H[ J[\ Sun\ H[ D[\ + Takeda\ Y[ "0884#[ Chinese Chemical Letters\ 5\ 372 "Chemical Abstracts\ 012\ 054989#[ 0293 Virinder S[ Parmar et al[ : Phytochemistry 49 "0888# 0156Ð0293 Zhang\ J[ Z[\ Fang\ Q[ C[\ Liang\ X[ T[\ + He\ C[ H[ "0883#[ Chinese Chemical Letters\ 4\ 386[ Zhang\ Z[\ Jia\ Z[\ Zhu\ Z[\ Cui\ Y[\ + Cheng\ J[\ + Wang\ Q[ "0889#[ Planta Medica\ 45\ 182[ Zhang\ S[\ Chen\ W[ M[\ + Chen[\ Y[ H[ "0881#[ Yaoxue Xuebao\ 16\ 157 "Chemical Abstracts\ 006\ 33470#[ Zhang\ H[\ Takeda\ Y[\ Minami\ Y[\ Yoshida\ K[\ Unemi\ N[\ Mu\ Q[\ Xiang\ W[\ Matsumota\ T[\ + Sun\ H[ "0882#[ Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu\ 04\ 313 "Chemical Abstracts\ 010\ 67171#[ Zhang\ H[\ Takeda\ Y[\ Minami\ Y[\ Yoshida\ K[\ Matsumoto\ T[\ Xiang\ W[\ Mu\ O[\ + Sun\ H[ "0883a#[ Chemistry Letters\ 846[ Zhang\ S[\ Lee\ C[ T[ L[\ Chen\ K[\ Kashiwada\ Y[\ Zhang\ D[ C[\ McPhail\ A[ T[\ + Lee\ K[ H[ "0883#[ Journal of the Chemical Society\ Chemical Communications\ 0450[ Zhang\ S[\ Lee\ C[ T[ L[\ Kashiwada\ Y[\ Chen\ K[\ Zhang\ D[ C[\ + Lee\ K[ H[ "0883#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 46\ 0479[ Zhang\ H[\ Takeda\ Y[\ + Sun\ H[ "0884a#[ Phytochemistry\ 28\ 0036[ Zhang\ H[ J[\ Sun\ H[ D[\ + Takeda\ Y[ "0884b#[ Chinese Chemical Letters\ 5\ 368 "Chemical Abstracts\ 012\ 054980#[ Zhang\ J[ Z[\ Fang\ Q[ C[\ Liang\ X[ T[\ He\ C[ H[\ Kong\ M[\ He\ W[ Y[\ + Jin\ X[ L[ "0884c#[ Phytochemistry\ 39\ 770[ Zhang\ Z[ P[\ Wiedenfeld\ H[\ + Roder\ E[ "0884d#[ Phytochemistry\ 27\ 556[ Zhang\ Y[\ Li\ X[\ + Wu\ L[ "0885#[ Zhon`caoyao\ 16\ 199 "Chemical Abstracts\ 014\ 089519#[ Zhong\ S[\ Hua\ Z[\ + Fan\ J[ "0885#[ Fenxi Ceshi Xuebao\ 04\ 50 "Chemical Abstracts\ 015\ 217911#[ Zhong\ S[ Z[\ Hua\ Z[ X[\ + Fan\ J[ S[ "0885#[ Journal of Natural Products\ 48\ 592[ Zhou\ Y[\ Yu\ C[\ + Zhu\ Y[ "0871#[ Zhon`caoyao\ 02\ 0 "Chemical Abstracts\ 86\ 067606#[ Zobel\ A[ M[\ Furmanowa\ M[\ Glowniak\ K[\ + Cragg\ C[ "0885#[ Phytomedicine\ 2\ 176[