Editors' introduction: special issue on homeland security

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233104927 Editors' introduction: Special issue on homeland security Article in IIE Transactions · January 2007 DOI: 10.1080/07408170600962587 CITATION READS 1 21 3 authors: Sheldon H Jacobson John E. Kobza 215 PUBLICATIONS 3,470 CITATIONS 44 PUBLICATIONS 691 CITATIONS University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign SEE PROFILE University of Tennessee SEE PROFILE Edward Pohl University of Arkansas 53 PUBLICATIONS 455 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Sheldon H Jacobson on 05 March 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. IIE Transactions (2007) 39, 1–2 C “IIE” Copyright
ISSN: 0740-817X print / 1545-8830 online DOI: 10.1080/07408170600962587 Editors’ introduction: special issue on homeland security SHELDON H. JACOBSON1 , JOHN E. KOBZA2 and EDWARD POHL3 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA E-mail: [email protected] Received May 2006 and accepted August 2006 The events of September 11, 2001 will forever affect the lives of all those who observed their consequences. These events have changed the way in which people live and carry on their everyday affairs. These events also ignited the engineering community in general, and the industrial engineering community in particular, to refocus their energy to address problems that impact our nation’s safety, security, and well-being. This focused issue on homeland security reports several examples of how industrial engineering and operations research modeling and analysis techniques are being used to secure our nation’s borders, our transportation airspace system, our nation’s nuclear materials stockpiles, and the many critical infrastructures that support our social and economic foundations, and hence, impact the well-being of our citizens. Eight papers are included in this special issue, which span these vital and important areas of concern. Two papers consider issues surrounding interdiction. In the paper “Models for Nuclear Smuggling Interdiction,” Morton, Pan and Saeger introduce two stochastic network interdiction models for thwarting nuclear smuggling. In their first model, the smuggler travels through a transportation network on a path that maximizes the probability of evading detection, and the interdictor installs radiation sensors to minimize that evasion probability. In their second model, the interdictor and smuggler can have differing perceptions of these network parameters. Both models also consider the important special case in which the sensors can only be installed at border crossings of a single country. In a more general setting, the paper “Algorithms for Discrete and Continuous Multicommodity Flow Network Interdiction Problems,” by Lim and Smith, considers a network interdiction problem on a multicommodity flow network, where an attacker disables a set of network arcs so as to minimize the maximum profit that can be obtained from shipping commodities through the network. They examC 2007 “IIE” 0740-817X
ine problems in which interdiction must be discrete and in which interdiction can be continuous. They illustrate their models on a set of randomly generated test data. Several papers address the area of critical infrastructure support. In the paper “Allocation and Reallocation of Ambulances to Casualty Clusters in a Disaster Relief Operation,” Gong and Batta study ambulance allocation and reallocation models for a post-disaster relief operation. They consider allocating the correct number of ambulances to each cluster at the beginning of the rescue process, and formulate a method to determine the completion time for each cluster. They also analyze the ambulance reallocation problem on the basis of a discrete time policy. Jia, Ordóñez and Dessouky study the problem of locating emergency medical service facilities to cope with large-scale emergencies. Their paper, “A Modeling Framework for Facility Location of Medical Services for Large-Scale Emergencies,” considers several strategies for deploying medical supplies to respond to low frequency, high impact events. The framework this research presents accounts for uncertainty in demand and geographical effects. Small examples based on the Los Angeles area are presented. In the paper, “Toward Modeling and Simulation of Critical National Infrastructure Interdependencies,” Min, Beyler, Brown, Son and Jones propose a modeling and analysis framework that considers the interdependencies between an integrated system of economic and physical infrastructures. They integrate individual infrastructure models together using system dynamics, functional models, and nonlinear optimization algorithms. An illustrative example is provided that demonstrates the technique using realistic models of the individual component infrastructures currently under development by government agencies, private industry, and academia. In the paper, “Integer Programming Models and Analysis for a Multilevel Passenger Screening Problem,” McLay, Jacobson and Kobza introduce the Multilevel Passenger 2 Jacobson et al. Screening Problem (MPSP) for aviation security. In MPSP, a set of classes are available for screening passengers, each of which corresponds to several device types for passenger screening, where each device type has an associated capacity and passengers are differentiated by their perceived risk levels. The objective of MPSP is to use prescreening information to determine the passenger assignments that maximize the total security subject to capacity and assignment constraints. Examples that incorporate flight schedule and passenger volume data extracted from the Official Airline Guide are presented. Chui, Zheng, Villalobos and Gautam model the important problem of mass evacuation for unanticipated disasters in their paper “Modeling No-Notice Mass Evacuation Using a Dynamic Traffic Flow Optimization Model.” The authors model a joint evacuation destination–route departure time problem for no-notice evacuations using a network transformation, demand specification, and a system optimal dynamic traffic assignment model. An illustrative numerical example that highlights the technique is provided. Finally, Qiao, Lawley, Richard, Abraham, Jeong and Yih, in their paper, “Allocating Security Resources to a Water Supply Network”, investigate the allocation of security resources in a water distribution system in order to maximize the system’s resilience to physical attack. The authors develop an iterative solution procedure that uses a hydraulic simulator to assess attack consequences and a genetic algorithm to generate constraints for a linear program model that allocates security resources and maximizes minimum resilience across the distribution system. The technique is illustrated on two water distribution networks and demonstrates the allocation effectiveness as well as some of the computational characteristics. This special issue would not have been possible without the diligence and hard work of an outstanding group of referees: Osman Alp, Bikent University April Andreas, University of Arizona Nilay Argon, University of Wisconsin Matthew Bailey, University of Pittsburgh Sergiy Butenko, Texas A&M Yi Chang Chiu, University of Arizona View publication stats Mark Daskin, Northwestern University Abhyuday Desai, Kiran Consulting Group Kimberly Ellis, Virginia Tech Emmanuel Fernandez, University of Cincinnati Andrew Ford, Washington State University Natarajan Gautam, Texas A&M University Esma Gel, Arizona State Jeff Goldberg, University of Arizona Raymond Hill, Wright State University Jeff Kharoufeh, Air Force Institute of Technology Churlzu Lim, University of North Carolina at Charlotte James Moore, Air Force Institute of Technology David Morton, University of Texas William P. Murdock, Air Force Research Labs, WPAFB Lewis Ntaimo, Texas A&M Jay Rosenberger, University of Texas at Arlington Andrew Schaefer, University of Pittsburgh Rüdiger Schultz, Universität Duisburg-Essen J. Cole Smith, University of Florida Ferenc Szidarovszky, University of Arizona Satish Ukkusuri, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Verdat Verter, McGill University Lizhi Wang, University of Pittsburgh Brian Wolshon, Louisiana State University Fan Wu, JPMorgan Chase & Co. Candace Yano, University of California (Berkeley) Xinhui Zhang, Wright State University Serhan Ziya, University of North Carolina As homeland security issues become even more pressing, the innovative spirit within the engineering community is certain to grow and foster new ideas within this domain of application. It is our hope that the papers presented in this issue will continue to spur further discussion and interest in developing new and creative approaches to the wide array of homeland security issues that face us today and will confront us in the future. As a nation, current and future generations will continue to enjoy the fruits and benefits of such efforts for many years to come. Sheldon H. Jacobson, University of Illinois John E. Kobza, Texas Tech Ed Pohl, University of Arkansas