Mental Map Lecture

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

A certain specific type of innovative building free forms is considered. A relatively great freedom in geometrical shaping these forms results from two important assumptions. Firstly, their roofs are composed of nominally plane standardized folded steel sheets transformed elastically into shell shapes [1]. Secondly, their elevations can be inclined to the vertical at almost any required angle [2, 3]. The folded sheets are connected to each other with their longitudinal edges into a strip called the corrugated sheeting, which after spreading over roof directrices adapts its shape in a certain range to the form and mutual position of the directrices [1], Fig. 1, 2.

1995

The paper is an exercise in descriptive ontology, with specific applications to problems in the geographical sphere. It presents a general typology of spatial boundaries, based in particular on an opposition between bona fide or physical boundaries on the one hand, and fiat or human-demarcation-induced boundaries on the other.

The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 2008

The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 52, no 2 (2008) 222-240 C / Canadian Association of Geographers / L'Association canadienne des géographes Interpreting urban space through cognitive map sketching and sequence analysis 223 process provide more substance to understanding how individuals interpret and structure urban space and use this information to navigate both known and new environments. Key words: cognitive cartography, sketch maps, sequence analysis, urban space, navigation ville? D'après les résultats obtenus, on peut distinguer trois groupes de cartes cognitives, soit, la carte séquentielle, spatiale et hybride. De plus, leś eléments de cartographie s'articulent par groupe de manière distincte dont les sentiers et les points de repère représentent les principauxéléments. Faire la lumière sur ce processus permet d'approfondir les connaissances sur la manière dont les individus interprètent et conçoivent l'espace urbain et se servent de cette information pour naviguerà travers des environnements connus ou nouveaux

Diségno, Biannual Journal of the UID Unione Italiana per il Disegno Scientific Society n. 7/2020, 2020

Urban maps represent the simplified drawing of a complex world (urban space) where material and immaterial phenomena, problems and solutions coexist; they are a tool used by individuals to perceive and act in space. In our current socio-urban context these representations are particularly interesting, above all due to the complexity of contemporary metropolises. Maps accompany us in our complex “urban” life more as maps of complexity than maps of the city. The contribution tackles this issue from the point of view of representation and the individual. It illustrates an interdisciplinary study that analyses the complexity of represented space, i.e., of the urban (such as spatial and social concentration, anthropological expression and system) and the problems linked to the complexity of its representation (i.e., the complexity of urban maps) which is solved by simplexity. It also analyses man’s capacity to act and move in real space (linked to the vital impulses of the organism, propriocetion and kinesthesia and the wonderful and extremely plastic ability to move in the environment) and thus the possibility of an individual to act and move in space through representation – linking his action to represented space and exploiting his brain’s ability to foresee movement in the drawing, i.e., in the map.

etc. The title tells us what the map is all about.  Reference key: It explains all symbols used in a map  Direction/ Bearing: This makes it easier for one to orientate a map.  Scale: A scale is used to measure distances and area on a map. (E.g. 1: 20 000 or 3cm equals 6km) Ways in which scales are expressed on maps:  Ratio/ Proportional scale: 1: 50 000  Fractional/ Representative Fraction (RF): 1 /50 000  Statement/ Word scale: 3cm equals 1200m or 2cm-per-4km  Linear/ Graphical scale: Types of map symbols:  Point: e.g. symbol representing a windmill, school, wind vane, spot height, trig beacons, etc  Line: e.g. contour lines, roads, rivers, isobars, anti-erosion wall, telephone lines, railway lines etc.  Area: cultivated land, orchards and vineyard, thematic map symbols showing values, etc. We can therefore distinguish between quantitative and qualitative point, line and area symbols: Symbol Quantitative (type and value) Qualitative (type) Point Spot height, wind vane, trig beacons, etc

22nd ISUF Conference: City as organism. New visions for urban life , 2015

In small settlements such as hamlets, streets and public space are often undistinguish-able. Many French villages have started with no clear boundary between public open spaces and streets. While the evolution of planned French cities has been discussed (Lavedan 1952), this paper focuses on open space that has evolved into streets de ned with clear vertical boundaries (Anderson 1986) and is later enhanced by distinctive horizontal boundaries. Based on both Napoleonian and current cadasters, the evolution of the street morphology is analyzed to address the different types of boundaries that drive the street experience. The publically accessible open space of 17 small towns and 18 villages or small French settlements is analyzed as a system of open spaces (Hilllier & Hanson 1984, Batty 2001) and as a street network (Peponis, Bafna & al 2008). The analysis highlights a rst set of transformations that emulates Haussmanns transformations of Paris by rede ning the vertical street boundary (alignment and widening) and by adding new ones. These transformations impact the syntactic structure of the settlement, usually bringing higher integration, visibility and a shift of the core. The second set of transformation that leads to the 21st century street results from a series of changes on the horizontal plane (sidewalk, crosswalk, paving, etc.). These change in materiality are not just subtle design changes, they play a deterministic role on the accessibility of the public space. It leads to question certain modes of representations of the streets such as axial map, iso-vist, property boundaries, and street centerline, which embed only some aspects of the boundaries that privileges either the pedestrian experience or the movement of the car.

Advances in Psychology, 1994

Abstract Geographical maps are one of the most common types of graphical displays, yet relatively little is known about how we process or produce the information contained in a map. This paper reviews recent evidence regarding the cognitive processes involved in map use. Recent research points toward two approaches to map processing, holistic and analytic. In the holistic strategy, maps are dealt with spatially, as concrete objects. In the analytic strategy, maps are dealt with more verbally and abstractly. Three studies are reviewed which bear on this issue. It is argued that holistic and analytic are dimensions of map processing, and that the optimal strategy is usually one in which holistic and analytic processing are integrated and used flexibly. Resume Bien que les cartes geographiques constituent un des types les plus communs de representations graphiques, on sait relativement peu de choses sur la facon dont sont traitees ou produites les informations contenues dans une carte. Cet article examine des donnees recentes concernant les processus cognitifs impliques dans ľutilisation de cartes. Les recherches actuelles sont axees sur deux approches du traitement des cartes; ľapproche holistique et ľapproche analytique. Dans la strategic holistique, les cartes sont traitees spatialement, en tant qu'objet concret. Dans la strategic holistique, les cartes sont traitees plus verbalement et plus abstraitement. Trois recherches se rapportant a cette question sont examinees. On propose que les deux approches, holistique et analytique, soient considerees comme des dimensions du traitement de cartes, et que la strategic optimale consiste habituellement en ľintegration et ľutilisation souple des strategies holistiques et analytiques.

2005

This paper was inspired by recent discussions of the possibility of a universal map language, a framework for cartographic visualization and a need for a theory of spatial (including cartographic) information in general (Moellering, 2003). In spite of a vast number of texts devoted to the semiological aspects of map language no system has been created that would describe and explain cartographic signs in all their complexity (Lyutyj, 2002). The decisions about signs in thematic cartography today, like twenty years ago, are mostly based on sets of heuristic recommendations which do not make up a strictly logical system. The more complex the system of signs, the more difficult it becomes to apply the rules. Other than in the simplest cases, it is impossible to limit cartographic design to a single set of rules at all, hence thematic mapping can hardly be subject to automated processing functions. Nor is there an algorithm that could be used to check the symbolization choice for correc...