Hayter's New Ways of Gravure

Grabado y Edición [Print and Art Edition Magazine], 2017

Una de las principales revoluciones técnicas del grabado ha sido la impresión a color. Desde Hercules Seghers o William Blake los artistas se han concentrado en encontrar medios técnicos para aumentar el cromatismo de la estampa. Uno de ellos, el legendario Stanley William Hayter (Hackney, Londres 1901-París, 1988) desarrolló un método basado en la viscosidad de la tinta que tuvo como resultado la mpresión policroma a partir de una sola plancha. Este signo de distinción respecto a la sobreimpresión de varias matrices fue el motivo por lo que al propio creador no le gustaba llamarlo “método de la viscosidad”, como es conocido, sino método de impresión a color simultánea. One of the main engraving technique revolutions was colour printing. From Hercules Seghers to William Blake, artists have focused on finding the technical means to increase the chromaticism of print. One of them, the legendary Stanley William Hayter (Hackney, London 1901-Paris, 1988) developed a method based on ink viscosity which resulted in polychrome printing with a single plate. This sign of distinction with regard to overprinting of various nuances was the reason for which the creator himself did not like to call it “viscosity method”, as it is known, but simultaneous colour printing method.

The Library, 2013

2005

2012

This book surveys the history of the techniques of engraving, etching and plate printing – ie that of manual intaglio printmaking processes – from its beginning in the 1430s until today. These developments are observed in the light of the coherence between the technique of the intaglio print (such as its materials and methods of production); the ‘style’ or outward appearance of the print; the creator of the print; and the fashion typical of a particular social group, place and time. Economic, educational and social aspects are discussed, as well as the dissemination of the trade of intaglio printmaking. Find a list of ERRATA (2022) on this Academia page. For further details check here: https://tulip88x.wixsite.com/ad--stijnman/recent-publications and scroll down.

Eighteenth-Century Studies, 2003

2010

In 1987, to avoid working with hazardous traditional materials, I began to research with the aim of developing safer and more environmentally friendly printmaking systems for artists. I studied the history of innovation to identify principles; analysed theory and practice; identified risks; selected criteria; researched classical, traditional and new methodologies; revised classification and terminology; identified gaps in the projected systems; developed water-based materials for acrylic-resist etching, screenprinting and autographic positives; created new systems for water-based screenprinting, etching, collagraphy and other intaglio methods; tested these through teaching artists and co-publishing with high-profile artists; revised teaching and learning; documented the research; and wrote and illustrated two pedagogic books to disseminate the research. The results of the research have been the creation of coherent printmaking systems designed for artists; the manufacture by Lascaux of eighteen new water-based materials for printmaking; the exhibition of works made using the systems; and the publication by Thames & Hudson of the books. These definitive books explain why there was a need for change; how the systems are as user and environmentally friendly as is currently possible; how the principles remain true to classical and traditional theory; how to use the new systems; and how effective and versatile the systems are; and they also demonstrate the many creative possibilities. The research has made a significant contribution to knowledge and has been influential in the worldwide move towards the modernisation of printmaking. The systems and terminology such as acrylic-resist etching (ARE) and photocollagraphy are increasingly used in art colleges and print studios. The research continues to be disseminated and validated through the international availability of new products; the creating, exhibition and purchase (for major collections) of prints made using the systems; and by documentation online, in artists' catalogues, and in my books and those written by other authors.

G&E Print and Art Edition Magazine, 2017

One of the main engraving technique revolutions was colour printing. From Hercules Seghers to William Blake, artists have focused on finding the technical means to increase the chromaticism of print. One of them, the legendary Stanley William Hayter (Hackney, London 1901-Paris, 1988) developed a method based on ink viscosity which resulted in polychrome printing with a single plate. This sign of distinction with regard to overprinting of various nuances was the reason for which the creator himself did not like to call it "viscosity method", as it is known, but simultaneous colour printing method.ut his contribution to graphic art was much greater than the technique that gave him popularity. His first legacy was a contemporary conception of this artistic practice, with an experimental and collaborative focus that made the artists of the time enthuse. Research, innovation and engraving were, for him, synonymous actions and through this principle he became the most influential engraver of the 20th century.

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. Humans have a need to communicate, as they are social beings, and the development of printing enabled them to communicate in a more efficient manner. The human environment has a particular structure so that human knowledge of the environment is acquired in a particular order. The simplest knowledge is acquired first and more complex knowledge is acquired later. Inevitably, printing was invented after the invention of writing, as it is a more efficient way of writing. Printing, as developed in Europe in the 15th century, also required the prior invention of paper, the knowledge of which had spread from China, and of moveable metal type, inks and presses. The order of discovery determined the course of human social and cultural history as knowledge of new and more efficient means of communication, resulted in the spread of new scientific ideas and technology, and in the development of new social and ideological ideas, such as the reformation, the enlightenment and democracy. This means human social and cultural history, has to follow a particular course, a course that is determined by the structure of the human environment.