FLORA OF IRAQ, Vol 5(1)

Ali  Haloob

FLORA OF IRAQ, Vol 5(1)

Ali Haloob

2016

visibility

…

description

1 page

link

1 file

AI-generated Abstract

The current volume focuses on eleven plant families traditionally classified under Centrospermae, now mainly within Caryophyllales. It seeks to enhance the understanding of plant diversity in Iraq, providing vital information for researchers and aiding conservation efforts for threatened species. Acknowledgments are made to contributors and institutions involved in this important project.

FLORA OF IRAQ VOLUME FIVE PART ONE FLORA OF IRAQ VOLUME FIVE PART ONE ELATINACEAE TO SPHENOCLEACEAE edited by SHAHINA A. GHAZANFAR and JOHN R. EDMONDSON With the collaboration of the staff of the National Herbarium of Iraq of the Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad Published on behalf of the MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE Republic of Iraq by ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW 2016 CONTENTS © Ministry of Agriculture (SBSTC/INH), Iraq and The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Illustrations © contributing artists The authors and illustrators have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher unless in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. Great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of the information contained in this work. However, neither the publisher nor the editors can be held responsible for any consequences arising from use of the information contained herein. The views expressed in this work are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher or of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. First published in 2016 by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK www.kew.org Distributed on behalf of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in North America by the University of Chicago Press, 1427 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii FAMILIES TREATED IN VOL 5(1) Elatinaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Molluginaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Caryophyllaceae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Aizoaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Portulaceae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Polygonaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Illecebraceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Chenopodiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Amaranthaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Theligonaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Sphenocleaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 ISBN 978-1-84246-493-9 INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Design and page layout by Christine Beard Publishing, Design and Photography Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Frontispiece: Dianthus judaicus Boiss., painted by Margaret Stones 1959. Printed in the UK by Marston Book Services Ltd Printed in the USA by The University of Chicago Press For information or to purchase all Kew titles please visit www.kewbooks.com or email [email protected] Kew’s mission is to inspire and deliver science-based plant conservation worldwide, enhancing the quality of life. Kew receives half of its running costs from Government through the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). All other funding needed to support Kew’s vital work comes from members, foundations, donors and commercial activities including book sales. iii FOREWORD Our determination to complete the remaining parts of the Flora of Iraq under the difficult circumstances that we face in our country is proof that we have the right to live; our persistence reflects a thousand years of civilization that enriches humanity with science and culture. These efforts, coming through cooperation with our friends at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, are a gift to humanity and contradict those who advocate death to our beloved country. In general, this part covers eleven plant families from Elatinaceae to Sphenocleaceae, and not only gives information about these plant families in Iraq that will facilitate work of researchers both within and outside our country, but it is also an important step in the completion of the exploration phase for investigating plant diversity in Iraq, which will pave the way in the future for developing important strategies, plans and projects to protect our threatened plant species, and regulate the sustainable exploitation of this natural wealth. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all those who have contributed to this work, and also express my gratitude to the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and the staff of the National Herbarium of Iraq for their great efforts to complete this volume of the Flora. Mohammed Zain Al-Abdeen Mohammed Raoof Director General of SBSTC, Iraqi National Herbarium Ministry of Agriculture, Abu Ghraib, Iraq v LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE to VOLUME 5, PART 1 to VOLUME 5, PART 1 †Paul Aellen, Basel, Switzerland John Akeroyd, Hindon, UK H. A. Alizzi, Baghdad, Iraq John Edmondson, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Shahina A. Ghazanfar, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ali Haloob, National Herbarium, Baghdad, Iraq Charles Jeffrey, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia Ali Kandemir, Erzincan University, Turkey V. Melzheimer, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany Alex Sukhorukhov, Moscow State University, Russia Cliff C. Townsend, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK The present instalment of the Flora of Iraq contains treatments of eleven families traditionally regarded as members of the Centrospermae (and now largely placed in the core Caryophyllales). In Hutchinson’s system they comprise three orders: Caryophyllales, Polygonales and Chenopodiales. The families are the Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Theligonaceae (Cynocrambaceae), Elatinaceae, Illecebraceae, Molluginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae and Sphenocleaceae. Although our understanding of family relationships has advanced considerably since the scheme of the Flora was drawn up we have retained the traditional format as set out in vol. 2, pp. 8–14. The family Elatinaceae is now placed in the order Malpighiales and the Sphenocleaceae is placed in the Solanales following the APGIII system. The family Chenopodiaceae in now subsumed within the Amaranthaceae, the Theligonaceae (Cynocrambaceae) within Rubiaceae, and the Illecebraceae within Caryophyllaceae, but, apart from the Illecebraceae, these are kept separate here. The editors are pleased to present the work of external contributors of taxonomic accounts to the present volume in addition to Kew staff who were responsible for writing parts of this volume some thirty years ago. The completion of this project will be increasingly dependent on such assistance, since with the exception of vol. 6 (Asteraceae/Compositae) which is already completed and awaiting final editing, many of the accounts of the remaining unpublished families are still unwritten. Since the publication of vol. 5 part 2 we have seen further steady progress with the Flora of Iran (in Persian), and the first volume of a new Flora of Turkey (in Turkish) has appeared. Though no further volumes of the Flora of the Arabian Peninsula & Socotra have become available, the collections in the herbarium of the Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden provide good coverage of the countries lying to the south of Iraq. An increasing number of specimen images are now available for consultation online from several European herbaria, making the job of establishing overall distributions considerably easier. In several treatments, notably in the Chenopodiaceae, a fairly radical revision to generic limits has been made in the light of new research. The genus Salsola, in particular, has an altered circumscription and there are many nomenclatural changes and even a few newly defined genera. The large genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae) has been prepared by separate authors for its annual and perennial species, and in the Polygonaceae the genera Polygonum and Persicaria are now separated. Because of the order in which this work was completed, vol. 5 contains separate indexes to its two parts. Our aim is to provide illustrations of at least one species in each genus, and in order to do so we have been granted permission to reproduce drawings from other Floras to complement those which were specially commissioned for this work. A few small adjustments in the spellings of collection sites have been made in the light of further work on the Gazetteer, but we have tried to ensure that transliterations from Arabic script continue to follow the system set out in vol. 1. Kurdish place-names are more difficult to interpret, not only because of the state of flux in these areas but also because the increased adoption of the Roman script has not yet been accompanied by any overarching process of standardisation. As for vol. 5 part 2, we have had the full support of colleagues and staff from the National Herbarium, Abu Ghraib, Baghdad, for which we are most grateful, and feel encouraged that beyond the completion of this Flora taxonomic research will still carry on there. Shahina A. Ghazanfar Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew John R. Edmondson Hon. Research Associate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew vi vii

Log In

FLORA OF IRAQ, Vol 5(1)

Sign up for access to the world's latest research.

Related papers

Related papers