The Gospel of John: A Hypertextual Commentary

Bartosz Adamczewski The Gospel of John A Hypertextual Commentary stopibhuarly Jewish Sources European Studies in T heolog y, Philosophy and Histor y of Religions Edited by Bartosz Adamczewski This monograph demonstrates that the Fourth Gospel is a result of highly creative, hypertextual reworking of the Acts of the Apostles. The detailed reworking consists of around 900 strictly sequentially organized thematic, and at times also linguistic correspondences between John and Acts. The strictly sequential, hypertextual dependence on Acts explains John’s modifications of the synoptic material, relocations thereof, additions to it, and many other surprising features of the Fourth Gospel. Critical explanations of such features, which are offered in this study, ensure the reliability of the new solution to the problem of the relationship between John and the Synoptics. Bartosz Adamczewski is Associate Professor of New Testament exegesis at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw (Poland). He has published ten books on the relationships between biblical writings themselves, and between them and historical facts. ISBN 978-3-631-74893-0 The Gospel of John EUROPEAN STUDIES IN THEOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF RELIGIONS Edited by Bartosz Adamczewski VOL. 17 Bartosz Adamczewski The Gospel of John A Hypertextual Commentary Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. This publication was financially supported by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. ISSN 2192-1857 ISBN 978-3-631-74893-0 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-75132-9 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-75133-6 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-75134-3 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b13686 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2018 All rights reserved. Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙ Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Acknowledgements I thank my dear Mother, Jolanta Adamczewska, MSc; my relatives and friends; my Diocese of Warszawa-Praga; and the community of the Catholic Parish of St Mark in Warsaw for their encouragement, prayers, and spiritual support during my writing this book. My thanks also go to the staff of the Tübingen University Library for their help during my summer bibliographical research. Last but not least, I want to thank Mr Łukasz Gałecki and the members of the staff of the Publisher who helped turn the electronic version of the text into a book. 5 Contents Introduction............................................................................................................. 11 The Fourth Gospel and the Synoptic Gospels.................................................... 11 Literary independence of the Fourth Gospel from the Synoptic Gospels ............................................................................................. 12 Literary dependence of the Fourth Gospel on the Synoptic Gospels .......... 17 The Fourth Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles ............................................... 21 The Fourth Gospel and other writings ................................................................ 22 Date of composition ............................................................................................... 23 Sequential hypertextuality..................................................................................... 24 Chapter 1. Jn 1 as a sequential hypertextual reworking of Acts 1 ...................................................................................................................... 29 1.1. Jn 1:1-18 (cf. Acts 1:1-8b) ................................................................................ 29 1.2. Jn 1:19-34 (cf. Acts 1:8c-10b) .......................................................................... 35 1.3. Jn 1:35-39 (cf. Acts 1:10c-13c) ........................................................................ 39 1.4. Jn 1:40-51 (cf. Acts 1:13d-26).......................................................................... 41 Chapter 2. Jn 2–4 as a sequential hypertextual reworking of Acts 2–8 ................................................................................................................. 45 2.1. Jn 2:1-12 (cf. Acts 2) ......................................................................................... 45 2.2. Jn 2:13-22 (cf. Acts 3:1-4:4) ............................................................................. 49 2.3. Jn 2:23-25 (cf. Acts 4:5-5:33) ........................................................................... 53 2.4. Jn 3:1-2 (cf. Acts 5:34-39) ................................................................................ 54 2.5. Jn 3:3-9 (cf. Acts 5:40-7:1) ............................................................................... 56 2.6. Jn 3:10-21 (cf. Acts 7:2-53) .............................................................................. 58 2.7. Jn 3:22-36 (cf. Acts 7:54-8:1a) ......................................................................... 61 7 2.8. Jn 4:1-42 (cf. Acts 8:1b-25) .............................................................................. 63 2.9. Jn 4:43-54 (cf. Acts 8:26-40) ............................................................................ 70 Chapter 3. Jn 5–12 as a sequential hypertextual reworking of Acts 9:1-15:9 ....................................................................................................... 73 3.1. Jn 5:1-18 (cf. Acts 9:1-6a)................................................................................. 73 3.2. Jn 5:19-47 (cf. Acts 9:6b-29) ............................................................................ 76 3.3. Jn 6:1-24 (cf. Acts 9:30-11:1) ........................................................................... 80 3.4. Jn 6:25-71 (cf. Acts 11:2-24) ............................................................................ 86 3.5. Jn 7:1-39 (cf. Acts 11:25-13:4) ......................................................................... 91 3.6. Jn 7:40-8:20 (cf. Acts 13:5-12) ......................................................................... 96 3.7. Jn 8:21-32 (cf. Acts 13:13-25) .......................................................................... 99 3.8. Jn 8:33-59 (cf. Acts 13:26-46f) .................................................................... 103 3.9. Jn 9 (cf. Acts 13:46g-14:1a) .......................................................................... 107 3.10. Jn 10 (cf. Acts 14:1b-7) ................................................................................. 110 3.11. Jn 11:1-32 (cf. Acts 14:8-13) ........................................................................ 114 3.12. Jn 11:33-45 (cf. Acts 14:14-23) .................................................................... 118 3.13. Jn 11:46-57 (cf. Acts 14:24-15:4b) ............................................................... 121 3.14. Jn 12:1-11 (cf. Acts 15:4c-7a)....................................................................... 123 3.15. Jn 12:12-19 (cf. Acts 15:7b-g) ...................................................................... 126 3.16. Jn 12:20-50 (cf. Acts 15:8-9) ........................................................................ 127 Chapter 4. Jn 13–17 as a sequential hypertextual reworking of Acts 15:10-20:38 ........................................................................................... 131 4.1. Jn 13:1-17 (cf. Acts 15:10-12) ...................................................................... 131 4.2. Jn 13:18-30 (cf. Acts 15:13-39) .................................................................... 134 4.3. Jn 13:31-14:7 (cf. Acts 15:40-16:11) ............................................................ 139 4.4. Jn 14:8-14 (cf. Acts 16:12-32) ...................................................................... 142 4.5. Jn 14:15-20 (cf. Acts 16:33-17:34) ............................................................... 143 8 4.6. Jn 14:21-25 (cf. Acts 18:1-8) ........................................................................ 146 4.7. Jn 14:26-31 (cf. Acts 18:9-21) ...................................................................... 147 4.8. Jn 15:1-8 (cf. Acts 18:22-27g) ...................................................................... 149 4.9. Jn 15:9-17 (cf. Acts 18:27h-19:8) ................................................................. 151 4.10. Jn 15:18-27 (cf. Acts 19:9-16) ...................................................................... 153 4.11. Jn 16:1-15 (cf. Acts 19:17-20:2b) ................................................................. 155 4.12. Jn 16:16-24 (cf. Acts 20:2c-18a) .................................................................. 157 4.13. Jn 16:25-33 (cf. Acts 20:18b-31) .................................................................. 159 4.14. Jn 17 (cf. Acts 20:32-38) ............................................................................... 161 Chapter 5. Jn 18–20 as a sequential hypertextual reworking of Acts 21–26 ....................................................................................................... 165 5.1. Jn 18:1-18 (cf. Acts 21) ................................................................................. 165 5.2. Jn 18:19-32 (cf. Acts 22:1-23:11) ................................................................. 170 5.3. Jn 18:33-19:3 (cf. Acts 23:12-24:27) ............................................................ 174 5.4. Jn 19:4-15 (cf. Acts 25:1-12) ........................................................................ 178 5.5. Jn 19:16-24 (cf. Acts 25:13-26:8) ................................................................. 181 5.6. Jn 19:25-42 (cf. Acts 26:9-17) ...................................................................... 184 5.7. Jn 20:1-18 (cf. Acts 26:18-20) ...................................................................... 189 5.8. Jn 20:19-31 (cf. Acts 26:21-32) .................................................................... 192 Chapter 6. Jn 21 as a sequential hypertextual reworking of Acts 27–28 ....................................................................................................... 197 6.1. Jn 21:1-8 (cf. Acts 27) ................................................................................... 197 6.2. Jn 21:9-14 (cf. Acts 28:1-10) ........................................................................ 200 6.3. Jn 21:15-25 (cf. Acts 28:11-31) .................................................................... 202 General conclusions ......................................................................................... 207 9 Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 213 Primary sources .................................................................................................. 213 Israelite-Jewish.................................................................................................. 213 Graeco-Roman ................................................................................................. 213 Early Christian: New Testament..................................................................... 214 Secondary literature ........................................................................................... 214 Index of ancient sources ................................................................................. 237 10