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Catalogue of West African Coccinellidae

2016, International Congress of Entomology

https://doi.org/10.1603/ICE.2016.113015

Food security in West Africa could be improved if basic taxonomic information about pests and biocontrol agents was readily available for the region. Because predatory ladybeetles have been important elements in pest management programs in other regions of the world, we reviewed the literature, conducted field surveys, and visited natural history museums in order to produce a catalogue of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of West Africa. The catalogue includes 250 species representing 38 genera and 18 tribes, as well as summaries of available biological and distributional data.

Catalogue of West African Coccinellidae Kwevitoukoui 1,2 Hounkpati and Joseph V. 1 McHugh 1University of Georgia, Athens, GA 2Ecole Supérieure d’Agronomie, Université de Lomé, Togo Abstract • A catalogue of West African Coccinellidae (WAC) is established based on museum specimens and literature records. • Specimen determinations verified using taxonomic literature. • Taxon names updated to currently valid names, if needed. • Biological and distributional information provided, whenever possible. • 252 species representing 41 genera and 18 tribes recorded. Introduction • Coccinellidae (ladybugs) are small beetles, 0.8 to 18 mm long (1). • Nearly 6000 species representing 370 genera described worldwide. • Predatory ladybugs are important elements in pest management programs in many regions of the world (1, 2). • Ladybugs are extensively studied due to their economic importance. • Major taxonomic treatments exist for the coccinellid fauna in many regions, but not for Africa. • Several recent phylogenetic studies have been done with extensive taxon sampling from well known coccinellid fauna, but African taxa omitted. • Access to African specimens and data is very difficult. • Knowledge of the WAC fauna is needed to improved food security in Africa. • Currently, specimens determination is very difficult because few taxonomic resources are available for this group. • Most WAC museum specimens are identified by only one person (H. Fursch) (3, 4). • Which coccinellid species occur in West African countries? • How diverse is the WAC fauna? • How accurate is the species determination? • Access to identifying WAC species with currently available resources is difficult. • Compile natural history data for WAC spp. (e.g., trophic group, associated vegetation, etc.). Fig 2. Xanthadalia effusa Fig 2. Henosepilachna reticulata Methods • Conducted comprehensive literature review. • Studied WAC materials at museums in Belgium, Benin, Germany, Ghana, Senegal, and US. • Holdings recorded and label data from specimens databased. • Hundreds of historic WAC specimens photographed. • Field surveys conducted in Benin, Ghana, Niger, and Togo. © 2015 Mike Quinn Fig 4. Hippodamia tredecimpunctata Fig 5. Megalocaria dilatata Conclusion and future studies • • • • • Fig 1. Map of West Africa • • • • 10 (of 252) WAC spp. are widely distributed across west African countries. Current WAC diversity and distribution remain poorly known. Little biological information is available for known WAC species. Specific-level identifications limited to museums data and information available. More sampling is needed to improve understanding of WAC species diversity and distribution. Identification keys are needed for species-level determinations to support research. Natural history studies are needed to document plants associated with WAC spp. Field surveys in Southern Benin and Togo are in progress to augment current catalogue records. Online WAC pictorial field guide to be developed. Acknowledgements Results and discussion • Produced database of WAC holdings for 6 museums. • Generated checklist of WAC spp., providing known distributions and information about type specimens. • Recorded a total of 252 valid species representing 41 genera and 18 tribes. • Ivory Coast, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal have the highest known WAC species diversity with 20 to 50% species recorded. • Benin and Burkina Faso have the lowest known WAC species diversity with less than 4% of total species recorded. • The most commonly collected ladybug species in West Africa are: Cheilomenes sulphurea, Epilachna tibialis, Henosepilachna reticulata, Nephus arcuatus, N. agnatus, N. elegantulus, N. incomtatus, N. flavomaculatus, N. hemerosus, and Ortalia pallens. • Species diversity and distribution based only on museum data. • 41 phytophagous ladybug species recorded for West Africa. This work, conducted as part of a PhD dissertation, was supported by West African Research Association (Boston University), The Norman E. Borlaug Leadership Enhancement in Agriculture Program (UC Davis), Global Programs Graduate International Travel Award (University of Georgia). Additional support was provided by the Department of Entomology at UGA. We thank many museums and curators for their assistance. Thanks also to Dr. Ba Malick (ICRISAT), Dr. Goergen (IITA), and all members of McHugh Lab at UGA for their assistance with various phases of this project. References 1. Seago, A.E., Giorgi, J.A., LI, J. & Ślipiński, A. 2011. Phylogeny, classification and evolution of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) based on simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 60, 137-151. 2. Escalona, H. E. and Ślipiński, A. (2012), Generic revision and phylogeny of Microweiseinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Syst. Entomol. 37: 125–171. 3. Fursch, H., 1966: Die Scymnus-Artm Westafrikas (Col. Cocc). Entomol. Arb. Mus. G., 17: 135-192. 4. Helmut Fürsch. 1987. Die afrikanischen Vertreter der Gattungen Micraspis, Declivitata und Xanthadalia (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Mitt. Munch. Entomol. Ges. 77: 5-31.