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Intermixtuality: Case Studies in Online Music [Re]Production

2018

Panel: Critical Approaches to Production Chair: Samantha Bennett Order: 1. Theorizing the Domain of Production (Eliot Bates) 2. Fixing and Unfixing National Musics: Field Recordings, Sound and Citizenship in Europe (Tom Western) 3. Intermixtuality: Case Studies in Online Music [Re]Production (Samantha Bennett) Theorizing the Domain of Production The work of production, when conceived in relation to the domain of recorded sound, is a complex endeavor that, in different national contexts and historical periods, can refer to some combination of economic prospecting, project management, creative/artistic vision, and technical labor. Correspondingly, it has been a topic of significant interest to scholars in fields ranging from organizational sociology, to the art of record production, to cultural economics. It is this heterogeneity that makes production so interesting, and also that suggests the benefit of multidisciplinary inquiry into the field of production studies. This paper, rather than attempting to re-assert the “musical” nature of the labor, or reducing production or producers to one thing (e.g. the end product), instead situates production at the collision of aesthetic, economic, managerial and technical domains. Building upon work utilizing the production of culture perspective (Peterson and Anand 2004), mediation theory (Hennion 1989; Born 2010), and ethnographic approaches (Meintjes 2003; Bates 2016), I argue that production provides a fascinating site to study where culture is situated in collaborative creative environments, and how recordings, as (partial) representations of culture, are designed to do this representational work. keywords: production, labor, creativity, mediation, recorded sound Eliot Bates The Graduate Center, City University of New York [email protected] +1.929.385.9894 Fixing and Unfixing National Musics: Field Recordings, Sound and Citizenship in Europe Nationalism is back at the top of the political agenda across Europe. Borders are closing, and various voices are calling for the protection of national cultures. Recorded music is enrolled in these developments, and the resurgence of nationalism has run in parallel with an explosion of interest in historical field recordings of traditional musics. Heard as truthful transmissions of national pasts, these field recordings are understood as existing outside of mass culture, feeding into desires for national purity. This paper connects these pasts and presents. The first half listens to histories of field recording in postwar Europe, centring on conversations about recording technologies that took place within the International Folk Music Council. Recordists affiliated with the IFMC used advanced technologies and production techniques to produce nations in sound. This was an act of fixing national musics – a kind of ethnos-musicology – performed in the face of the enormous displacements of people at the time, and denying sonic space to migration in national histories. The second half turns an ethnographic ear to current displacement, drawing on fieldwork in Athens, Greece. Here, citizenship is produced and performed through music, and sound mediates relationships between refugee and host communities. Field recordings can create archives of interactions and relations rather than ethnicities and nations: unfixing national musics, and advancing understandings of integration and the politics of ‘refugee voices’. The paper thus argues for an expanded study of record production, advocating crosstalk between popular music studies, anthropology, sound studies, ethnomusicology and forced migration studies. Keywords Field recording, displacement, borders, refugee voices, national musics, production Tom Western School of Music, University of Edinburgh [email protected] +44 (0)7515 717 986 Intermixtuality: Case Studies in Online Music [Re]Production This paper examines the recent phenomenon of online interactive remixing practice, focusing on the relationship between artist and audience through the process of ‘stem’ sharing. By releasing mix stems – individual or groups of instruments separated out from original multitrack recordings – online, artists engage their fan bases in both music production practices and the studio workplace, an environment more commonly associated with engineers, mixers and producers. Little work has been undertaken in examining 21st century, online remixing practice where music production is undertaken in the virtual realm. Accounts of intertextual practices have traditionally focused on sampling (Goodwin 1990) or on sample-based composition such as mashups (Sinnreich 2010), while Lacasse (2000) and Taylor (2001) identified the implications of interactive remixing from authorship and reception perspectives. However, online intertextual practice has only recently been acknowledged as a site of scholarly enquiry (Jarvenpaa & Lang 2011; Michielse 2013; Bennett 2015). This paper addresses the emergence of creative commons remixing, remixing event host sites, and, direct artist-to-fan community remix competitions and events. I use four case studies to elucidate artists’ engagement of fans in music production processes: Deadmau5’s 2010 EDM collaboration with BeatPort and Acapellas4All (’SOFI Needs a Ladder’), Bon Iver’s 2012 release of indie album mix stems for Indaba Music and Spotify, Skrillex and Damian Marley’s 2012 EDM/reggaestep single ‘Make it Bun Dem’ for Beatport PLAY and OWSLA, and REM’s 2011 mix stem release on their the REMHQ website. keywords: intermixtuality, intertextuality, remixing, production, mix stems Samantha Bennett Australian National University [email protected] +61 (0) 2 6125 5761