Jefferies and Moore 2018 - Franciscan Final Published Paper.pdf

Indigenous Landscapes and Spanish Missions: New Perspectives from Archaeology and Ethnohistory, 2014

In Victor D. Thompson & David Hurst Thomas (eds.) Life among the Tides: Recent Archaeology on the Georgia Bight, 2013

For the past 10 years, the Sapelo Island Mission Period Archaeological Project (SIMPAP) has been surveying and testing the site of the Mission San Joseph de Sapala on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Over this time we have learned a great deal about the site’s Guale Indian and Spanish inhabitants. Among the most interesting contexts investigated is a Spanish structure with a likely military function. Architectural and other features associated with the structure yielded a relatively high frequency of Euroamerican ceramics and porcelain, and the areas in and around the structure have yielded the majority of the site’s military hardware. In this paper we investigate the possibility that this structure was occupied by a high-status Spanish officer, perhaps the captain of the island’s military garrison.

Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, No. 98, 2013

Early Georgia, 2020

Journal of Southern History, 1996

This monograph is fourth in the series entitled The Archaeology ofMission Santa Catalina de Guale ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 75, 222 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables Issued May 18, 1995

Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 2013

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Participants in the Sixth Caldwell Conference ………………………………………………………. 16 Preface. viCtor d. thoMpson and david hurst thoMas …………………………………………… 17 A word about radiocarbon dating ………………………………………………………………… 21 Acknowledgments ……………………………………………………………………………… 22 PART I. ANALYTICAL APPROACHES TO TIME AND EXCHANGE Chapter 1. Revising the 14 C reservoir correction for St. Catherines Island, Georgia. David hurst thoMas, MattheW C. sanger, and royCe h. hayes ……………………………… 25 5 LIFE AMONG THE TIDES: RECENT ARCHAEOLOGY ON THE GEORGIA BIGHT CONTENTS Radiocarbon and OSL dating ………………………………………………………………… 174 Results …………………………………………………………………………………………. Back-barrier area: behind Sapelo Island ……………………………………………………. 177 Nondeltaic Pleistocene-Holocene interbarrier area: Sapelo-Blackbeard barrier island complex ………………………………………………. Deltaic Pleistocene-Holocene interbarrier area: Skidaway-Wassaw barrier island complex …………………………………………………183 Pleistocene barrier/Holocene recurved spit setting: southern end of Sapelo Island……………………………………………………………… Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………… Back-barrier area …………………………………………………………………………… 186 Nondeltaic interbarrier area ………………………………………………………………… Deltaic interbarrier area ……………………………………………………………………… Barrier/recurved spit setting ………………………………………………………………… 188 Concluding remarks …………………………………………………………………………… Chapter 8. The role of small islands in foraging economies of St. Catherines Island. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 6 NO. Mean foraging areas and travel friction ……………………………………………………… Mean and monthly dietary components ……………………………………………………… Caloric efficiency and sustainable population ………………………………………………. Local scale analysis …………………………………………………………………………… Effective foraging areas ……………………………………………………………………… Resource collection pathways ……………………………………………………………… Foraging competition ………………………………………………………………………… Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………………… Appendix 10.1. GIS methods used in the development of specific surfaces …………………… Appendix 10.2. Habitation sites used in the analysis ………………………………………… PART III. ARCHITECTURE AND VILLAGE LAYOUT BEFORE CONTACT Chapter 11. A survey of Irene phase architecture on the Georgia coast. deBorah a. keene and ervan g. garrison ………………………………………………… 7 LIFE AMONG THE TIDES: RECENT ARCHAEOLOGY ON THE GEORGIA BIGHT CONTENTS PART IV. MISSION-PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGY Chapter 13. Mission San Joseph de Sapala: mission-period archaeological research on Sapelo Island. riChard W. JeFFeries and Christopher r. Moore ………..........………… Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………… 345 Environmental setting ……………..…………………………………………………………… 346 Precontact and mission period culture change ………………………………………………… 346 Previous mission period archaeological research ……………………………………………… 351 University of Kentucky mission period research (2003-2008) ……………………………… Native American mission period artifacts ……………………………………………………… Ceramics …………………………………………………………………………………… 354 Shell ………………………………………………………………………………………… 363 Euroamerican cultural material ………………………………………………………………… Kitchen group ……………………………………………………………………………… 364 Architecture group …………………………………………………………………………… 366 Furniture group ……………………………………………………………………………… 367 Arms group ………………………………………………………………………………… Clothing group ……………………………………………………………………………… Personal group ……………………………………………………………………………… Activities group ……………………………………………………………………………… Food remains ………………………………………………………………………………… 373 Summary and conclusions ……………………………………………………………………… Chapter 14. The Guale landscape of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale: 30 years of geophysics at a Spanish colonial mission. elliot h. Blair …………………………………. 375 Colonialism and practice ………………………………………………………………………. Mission Santa Catalina de Guale and La Florida: the spatial organization of communities ……………………………………………………… 376 Native identity and Mission Santa Catalina ……………………………………………………. Geophysical surveys at Mission Santa Catalina de Guale …………………………………… Early geophysical surveys on St. Catherines Island …………………………………………. 389 Geophysical survey on St. Catherines Island in the 1990s ………………………………… 21st-century geophysical survey on St. Catherines Island ………………………………… Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………… 391 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………………. 393 Chapter 15. Missions San Buenaventura and Santa Cruz de Guadalquini: retreat from the Georgia coast. keith h. ashley, viCki l. rolland, and roBert l. thunen ………… Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………. Delineating the Guale and Mocama provinces ………………………………………………… 395 Where is Guadalquini? …………………………………………………………………………. Guadalquini: Mocama or Guale? ………………………………………………………………. Mission period archaeology on St. Simons Island …………………………………………… San Buenaventura y Santa Cruz de Guadalquini: a brief history ………………………………. Where is Santa Cruz de Guadalquini? …………………………………………………………. Cedar Point site: location and brief description ……………………………….……………… Excavations (2005-2009) …………………………………………………………………… Site structure ………………………………………………………………………………… Features and architectural remains ………………………………………………………… Brief comment on subsistence ………………………………………………………………… Mission period material culture ………………………………………………………………… European artifacts …………………………………………………………………………… Modified bone and shell ……………………………………………………………………… Aboriginal pottery assemblage ……………………………………………………………… Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………………… Chapter 16. Entangling events: the Guale coastal landscape and the Spanish missions. viCtor d. thoMpson, John a. turCk, aManda d. roBerts thoMpson, and Chester B. depratter ……………………………………………………………………. Agency, historical archaeology, and colonial events …………………………………………. Environment and background …………………………………………………………………. Methods ………………………………………………………………………………………… Ceramic background ………………………………………………………………………… GASF database ………………………………………………………………………………. Island survey and excavation ………………………………………….…………………… Results …………………………………………………………………………………………. GASF database ………………………………………………………………………………. Island survey and excavation ………………………………………………………………… Entanglement events …………………………………………………………………………… Final thoughts ………………………………………………………………………………….

2005

1987

describes why we decided to seek Santa Catalina and how we conducted the search. This volume provides the methodological baseline for more substantive contributions to follow.

2012

In 2011, University of West Florida terrestrial field school students participated in a third consecutive year of excavations at Mission San Joseph de Escambe, located north of modern Pensacola between 1741 and 1761. Inhabited by Apalachee Indians and a small number of Franciscan friars and married Spanish soldiers, as well as a Spanish cavalry garrison late in the mission's history, the site's pristine archaeological deposits are gradually revealing details about mission life along this northernmost frontier of 18th-century West Florida. Ongoing block excavations have continued to expose a complex assemblage of architectural features separated by both vertical and horizontal stratigraphy, including several overlapping wall-trench structures capped with what seems to be a clay floor, and a large structure believed to be the cavalry barracks. Artifacts ranging from a predominantly Apalachee ceramic assemblage to an assortment of European trade goods continue to refine our und...