Mapping the Sahelian Space

Deserts and arid regions are generally perceived as bare and rather homogeneous areas of low diversity. The Sahara is the largest warm desert in the world and together with the arid Sahel displays high topographical and climatic heterogeneity, and has experienced recent and strong climatic oscillations that have greatly shifted biodiversity distribution and community composition. The large size, remoteness and long-term political instability of the Sahara-Sahel, have limited knowledge on its biodiversity. However, over the last decade, there have been an increasing number of published scientific studies based on modern geomatic and molecular tools, and broad sampling of taxa of these regions. This review tracks trends in knowledge about biodiversity patterns, processes and threats across the Sahara-Sahel, and anticipates needs for biodiversity research and conservation. Recent studies are changing completely the perception of regional biodiversity patterns. Instead of relatively low species diversity with distribution covering most of the region, studies now suggest a high rate of endemism and larger number of species, with much narrower and fragmented ranges, frequently limited to micro-hotspots of biodiversity. Molecular-based studies are also unravelling cryptic diversity associated with mountains, which together with recent distribution atlases, allows identifying integrative biogeographic patterns in biodiversity distribution. Mapping of multivariate environmental variation (at 1 km × 1 km resolution) of the region illustrates main biogeographical features of the Sahara-Sahel and supports recently hypothesised dispersal corridors and refugia. Micro-scale water-features present mostly in mountains have been associated with local biodiversity hotspots. However, the distribution of available data on vertebrates highlights current knowledge gaps that still apply to a large proportion of the Sahara-Sahel. Current research is providing insights into key evolutionary and ecological processes, including causes and timing of radiation and divergence for multiple taxa, and associating the onset of the Sahara with diversification processes for low-mobility vertebrates. Examples of phylogeographic patterns are showing the importance of allopatric speciation in the Sahara-Sahel, and this review presents a synthetic overview of the most commonly hypothesised diversification mechanisms. Studies are also stressing that biodiversity is threatened by increasing human activities in the region, including overhunting and natural resources prospection, and in the future by predicted global warming. A representation of areas of conflict, landmines, and natural resources extraction illustrates how human activities and regional insecurity are hampering biodiversity research and 216 J. C. Brito and others conservation. Although there are still numerous knowledge gaps for the optimised conservation of biodiversity in the region, a set of research priorities is provided to identify the framework data needed to support regional conservation planning.

Deserts and arid regions are generally perceived as bare and rather homogeneous areas of low diversity. The Sahara is the largest warm desert in the world and together with the arid Sahel displays high topographical and climatic heterogeneity, and has experienced recent and strong climatic oscillations that have greatly shifted biodiversity distribution and community composition. The large size, remoteness and long-term political instability of the Sahara-Sahel, have limited knowledge on its biodiversity. However, over the last decade, there have been an increasing number of published scientific studies based on modern geomatic and molecular tools, and broad sampling of taxa of these regions. This review tracks trends in knowledge about biodiversity patterns, processes and threats across the Sahara-Sahel, and anticipates needs for biodiversity research and conservation. Recent studies are changing completely the perception of regional biodiversity patterns. Instead of relatively low species diversity with distribution covering most of the region, studies now suggest a high rate of endemism and larger number of species, with much narrower and fragmented ranges, frequently limited to micro-hotspots of biodiversity. Molecular-based studies are also unravelling cryptic diversity associated with mountains, which together with recent distribution atlases, allows identifying integrative biogeographic patterns in biodiversity distribution. Mapping of multivariate environmental variation (at 1 km × 1 km resolution) of the region illustrates main biogeographical features of the Sahara-Sahel and supports recently hypothesised dispersal corridors and refugia. Micro-scale water-features present mostly in mountains have been associated with local biodiversity hotspots. However, the distribution of available data on vertebrates highlights current knowledge gaps that still apply to a large proportion of the Sahara-Sahel. Current research is providing insights into key evolutionary and ecological processes, including causes and timing of radiation and divergence for multiple taxa, and associating the onset of the Sahara with diversification processes for low-mobility vertebrates. Examples of phylogeographic patterns are showing the importance of allopatric speciation in the Sahara-Sahel, and this review presents a synthetic overview of the most commonly hypothesised diversification mechanisms. Studies are also stressing that biodiversity is threatened by increasing human activities in the region, including overhunting and natural resources prospection, and in the future by predicted global warming. A representation of areas of conflict, landmines, and natural resources extraction illustrates how human activities and regional insecurity are hampering biodiversity research and 2 J. C. Brito and others conservation. Although there are still numerous knowledge gaps for the optimised conservation of biodiversity in the region, a set of research priorities is provided to identify the framework data needed to support regional conservation planning.

Canadian Journal of African Studies / La Revue canadienne des études africaines, 2014

Depuis les années 1980, les populations dites « nomades » des régions nord du Mali et du Niger ont engagé un vaste processus de sédentarisation. Elles habitent aujourd'hui majoritairement dans des villages ou des «sites de fixation». Mais dans le même temps, des individus et des petits groupes parmi ces mêmes populations, ont considérablement élargi leurs espaces de mobilité et accéléré le rythme et la valeur des échanges auxquels ils participent. Ces deux phénomènes pourraient, à première vue, relever d'un paradoxe. Mais l'observation des situations empiriques montre plutô t des compatibilités, voire des similitudes, entre ces deux phénomènes concomitants. A partir de réflexions novatrices menées en géographie et en sociologie, cet article soumet l'hypothèse que l'édification de villages, de même que l'intégration dans des bases et des casernes militaires, participe de logiques (sociales) de la mobilité, tout autant que la transhumance, les voyages, la migration. Bien plus qu'un simple déplacement dans l'espace, le terme de mobilité pourrait décrire un « art de faire », une manière d'être aux autres et au monde.

Website Universiteit Utrecht, 2024

Zonder deze historische context kan de huidige Gaza-oorlog niet worden begrepen. Aan de hand van een tijdlijn geven vijf wetenschappers, stap voor stap en vanuit hun eigen expertise, uitleg over de geschiedenis en achtergrond van het Israëlisch-Palestijns conflict. Israël en de Palestijnen: geschiedenis en achtergrond De inzet van het Israëlisch-Palestijns conflict is het recht op zelfbeschikking. Zowel Joodse zionisten als Palestijnse Arabieren claimen historische en/of religieuze rechten op een eigen staat in de regio Palestina. In deze tijdlijn, die is gebaseerd op de tijdlijn die wetenschappers gebruiken in het onderzoek naar het Israëlisch-Palestijns conflict, beschrijven vijf experts de grondlijnen van de geschiedenis en achtergrond van het conflict.

İstanbul Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı/Journal of Turkish Language and Literature, 2024

The Old Uyghur literature is a translation literature in which texts have been translated from many languages. The majority of these are texts with religious content. Even though these religious texts are related to Buddhism, Manichaeism, and other religions, concepts and conceptual areas can be seen in these texts that reflect the Turkish mental structure. One of these conceptual areas involves anima-related vocabulary. This paper compares the animal names mentioned in the Old Uyghur Altun Yaruk Sudur text with the T0663 and T0665 versions of the Sutra of Golden Light, which has three versions in Chinese. When examined in general terms, the Old Uyghur Altun Yaruk Sudur text and the Chinese texts do not coincide exactly with one another, because while the Chinese texts are shorter, the Old Uyghur text is longer. This shows that translators had made some omissions while translating, and as a result, the Old Uyghur text has acquired the identity of a translation copyright rather than a translation. In addition, 39 animal names with Chinese equivalents have been identified in the Altun Yaruk Sudur text, and comparing them with the Chinese text reveals how many of the words are semantically equivalent or not. Thus, the article reveals how much the Uyghur translator adhered to or deviated from the text while translating, as well as how animal names were reflected in the Old Uyghur mental structure. Keywords: Altun Yaruk Sudur [Sutra of Golden Light], Old Uyghur, Chinese, animal names, semantic equivalence

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Pertenço ao grupo de pesquisas de Arbitragem empresarial da Unisinos - SL, Eu sonsegui este material na internet, é um excelente auxilio na hora dos estudos.

Klesis , 2021

Respondeo ( in linguam gallicam) ad amicos super adminaversiones eorum apud Klesis 2020