INSCRIPTION AND MODERNITY: FROM WORDSWORTH TO MANDELSTAM

wf2f23

Leeds International Medieval Congress, 2024

The death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah and the vizier Nizam al-Mulmulk in 1092 triggered a period of crisis that would shape the historical panorama of the Near East for many years afterwards. The involvement of the Crusaders in the region added to the complex political relations. In 1105, Muhammad Tapar, who became Sultan alone, seemed to have gained an opportunity to integrate Syria into the empire in the political panorama reborn after the Crusades. The result was the rebirth of the idea and literature of jihad. The sultan began to wage a jihad against the Crusaders through the emirs of Mosul in response to the public discourse that shook public opinion in this direction. Could the jihad movement have been a powerful instrument of legitimacy for the reconquest of Syria, which had been integrated into the centre shortly before the crisis and which had fallen out of its hands in its own time? What was the attitude of the Crusaders and the Muslim rulers in the region towards these movements? Could the centre have sought to take advantage of a new crisis in its eagerness to reach its former frontiers?

Brood & Rozen, 1996

Özet Roma’nın Akdeniz’i ve çevresini hâkimiyetine alması Yahudilerle de karşılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Roma’nın Kudüs ve Diaspora Yahudilerine yönelik siyaseti gereğince, Kudüs’teki Tapınak ve Yahudiler koruma altına alınmıştır. Roma’nın bu siyasetine rağmen, Yahudiler dinî, siyasî ve ekonomik sebeplerle Kudüs’te Roma yönetimine karşı büyük bir ayaklanma çıkarmışlardır. Kudüs gibi küçük bir vassal Şehir Devleti’nin, Roma kadar büyük ve güçlü bir Devlete karşı giriştiği isyan 66 yılında başlamış ve 70’te, Kudüs’ün harabeye dönmesi ve Tapınağın yıkılmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu isyan ilk sonuçları itibariyle çok sayıda Yahudi’nin ölümüne sebep olmasına karşın diğer yönüyle, Yahudiler arasında dinî ve kültürel bilincin yeniden canlanmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Kudüs’teki Yahudi isyanı ve takip eden olaylar çerçevesinde göç olgusu ve azınlık olarak Diaspora kültürü çerçevesinde Yahudilik konusunu incelemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Roma yönetimi - Yahudi isyanı - Yohannan Ben Zakkai - Yahudi kimliği - Yahudi göçü - Yahudilik. Abstract As the Roman Empire conquered the Mediterranean Sea and its region the Jews who lived within became one of the subjects of the Empire. In accordance with the Roman policy on Jews, the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem and Jews were protected by the Roman administration. Despite this protective policy, the Jews in Jerusalem rebelled against the Romans which were initiated for religious, political and economic reasons. This rebellion against to the mighty State of the time, Rome, by an adjacent small City State, Jerusalem, began in 66 and ended in 70 with a destruction of the city and the Temple. On the one hand, the rebellion paved the way that the Jews in the city were captured as slaves and scattered to different parts of the Roman world, on the other the Jews in Diaspora adhered them closely to their traditional ethnic-religious entity stimulation among them. The aim of this article is to consider the Judaism under the effect of migration and their life as a minority in Diaspora as a result of the rebellion. Key words: Roman administration - Jewish rebellion - Yohannan Ben Zakkai - Jewish identity - Jewish migration - Judaism.

Our third Open Access Week blog delves into the ethics of open access and the benefits to wider communities, as well as to the author. It is written by Professor Raphael Cohen-Almagor (@almagor35 on twitter). The idea behind open access is a noble one. We at the University of Hull are fortunate to be part of the prosperous Western world. We live and work in a scholarly country. We are privileged to have access to many resources that our wonderful library has. However, not all scholars are as fortunate as we are. They do not have state-of-the-art libraries. Sometimes they do not have any library at all. Open access utilizes this age of globalization and Internet to connect between the privileged and the less privileged. Wealth of information that otherwise is denied to some parts of the world becomes available. Scholars and other interested people in Africa, South America, Asia as well as in developing countries in other continents are able to read online valuable information without paying prohibitive subscription fees and without violating copyrights laws. Open access helps to increase knowledge and to decrease inequality; it enriches people and cultures and broadens the community of knowledgeable scholars. Open access is a tool of empowerment and communication: it creates bridges and brings scholars together. Open access is also good for those who publish because the products of their research is now been read by many more people, not only those who have access to the journals. The impact factor of open access publications is far more significant. Furthermore, often open access publications are published relatively quickly. Some open access platforms (not journals) allow instant publication while others publish articles within a few days. Here are some figures from my personal experience: My publications reached 14,000 reads on the ResearchGate platform that enables self-publication. My articles were downloaded 7,689 times via another platform called SSRN that hosts some 320,000 authors who self-publish their scholarship for the benefit of all. One of my articles, " The Right to Die with Dignity: An Argument in Ethics and Law " received 11,761 views on the Academia platform. However, with the growth of the open access movement the number of journals has been growing exponentially. In addition to the established publishers, new publishers have entered the market and they have flooded it with thousands of new journals of varied quality. I am getting at least one request a week to publish my articles in one of those journals. One has reason to suspect that many of these journals do not engage in scholarly activities but in fraud. Many of those bogus new journals have no intention to observe academic standards of peer review. Open access has facilitated scholarly prostitution. It is harming our profession. Indeed, the vast majority of those publishers charge money for publishing with their low-esteemed journals but often they do not mention this small detail in their invitations. At present the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has charged a publisher of hundreds of academic journals with deceiving readers about reviewing practices, publication fees, and the nature of its editorial boards.[1] The FTC's complaint alleges that OMICS Group Inc., along with two affiliated companies claim that their journals follow rigorous peer-review practices and have editorial boards made up of prominent academics. In reality, many articles are published with little to no peer review and numerous individuals represented to be editors have not agreed to be affiliated with the journals.

The social construction of hazard is a matter of considerable moment to those engaged in disaster preparedness, management and relief. All too often, insufficient recognition is accorded to the manner in which people's actions are influenced by their cultural interpretation of what they are experiencing. Behaviours that appear inappropriate or illogical to external agency or relief workers may be entirely consistent and rational actions when understood in the context of the operating schema of the individuals experiencing such phenomena.

Teme, 2023

The term 'physical literacy' (PL) is generally understood as an individual's ability to lead a physically active lifestyle. Although various forms of physical activity (physical education, sport, recreation, activities of daily living) have the potential to develop children's PL, many authors believe that the education system plays a crucial role, and physical education in particular has been identified as one of the most suitable environments for its development. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of PL, with a focus on defining and assessing PL within educational systems worldwide, that is, within physical education classes worldwide. Through a literature review undergone using an inductive approach, the most common and significant studies on PL published in peer-reviewed journals were analysed. Three areas important for a better understanding of PL in the context of physical education were identified and analysed: the definition of PL, various PL models, and existing tools for assessing PL. Regarding these areas, it can be concluded that there is no universally accepted model or instrument for assessing PL because of different cultures and systems, that is, the specifics of a certain region. In order to better understand these areas in the context of physical education, it is suggested that researchers provide a framework that contains clear and concise information, along with specific examples that would enable teachers to effectively work within the school.