ENGLISH STUDY MATERIAL B.Tech – 1st Year

RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH ENGLISH STUDY MATERIAL B.Tech – 1st Year www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 1 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH UNIT I – HEAVEN’S GATE Introduction: Pico lyer is one of the most revered and respected travel writers alive today. He was born in England to Indian parents in 1957. Describing himself as “a global village on two legs”, Iyer Consider himself a citizen of the world. Pico lyer in “Heaven’s Gate” describes his travel experiences in Ladakh. A land of freezing winds and burning hot sunlight, Ladakh is a cold desert lying in the rain shadow of the Great Himalayas and other smaller ranges. Little rain and snow reaches this dry area, where natural forces have created a fantastic landscape. Surrounded by rugged mountains this land is completely different from the green landscape of many parts of the Himalayas. The Culture and Heritage of Ladakh: Even after twenty-five years of travel to the place, Ladakh did not lose its fascination and wonder for the author. The landscape of the Nubra Valley appeared to be the most pristine and surreal Iyer had ever seen. A huge flat plain land extended up to snowcaps on all sides. At a few places two-storeyed white buildings like fortresses appeared together. They were silent in the middle of apricot trees and willows. Marmots, wild asses and Bactrian camels added romance to the landscape. The sky was so blue that it almost hurt the eyes. The temple, Diskit Gompa, rose high into the heavens. The Buddhist city on a hill was rich and the chapels were fragrant with centuries of melted yak butter. It was an endless stretch of noiseless valley. The barren mountains and snowcaps gave the impression that it was an unvisited land. This land of blue-skied purity was also one of the most cosmopolitan trading posts in the Himalayas. Ladakh was found to be a compact, otherworldly and highly magical place and a secret treasure. Ladakh is said to be a test case of what is good as well as what is bad. It seems to be a place of paradoxes. Both good things and bad things happen here. Ladakhis life style: It is both traditional and modern. With barley and wheat irrigated by snow, the lifestyle was still pastoral. Here people with ancient faces are working in the fields. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 2 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Some of them found going to temples as if they never heard of Paris. He also found musicians sitting on the ground among the poplars, playing at intervals while a team of elegant men in black robes took on a team of elegant men in white in a traditional archery competition. He further came to know about social life of Ladakh in Andrew Harvey’s book ‘Journey in Ladakh’. He read that people of Ladakh live as they used to live several centuries ago, in whitewashed houses amid fields of Barley and wheat irrigated by glacial snowmelt. The author experienced both western influence on youth on one side and the other side steps to preserve significance of local forms of music and festivals. He went to the Desert Rain Coffeehouse for an ‘Open Mike’ night where Ladakh’s fashion conscious teenagers are found fluent in every verse of ‘Hotel California’. Development of Tourism in Ladakh: Leh is the capital of Ladakh. The main bazaar road of Leh was a crowded and noisy place. Pico Iyer saw women quietly sitting along the sidewalk selling vegetables. Among them, he identified the faces from Lhasa, Heart and Samarkand. At the mosque he saw Muslim elders some of whom were Indo-Iranians having blue and green eyes. They claimed their descent from Alexander the Great. For the entire settlement there were a few dusty and mud-colored buildings, an abandoned palace and a few temples on boulders and hillside. There were two trade routes. Workers in the best hotels provide cold water twenty-four hours. There was no street lighting. There were Internet cafes at every corner but they do not work promptly. As against these wonders, civilization has brought a new restlessness to the people of Ladakh. This restlessness can be seen in Leh’s narrow streets, construction cranes, and reviving Suzukis. The people may have to abandon their past as a result of civilization. Choegyal Jigmed Wangchuk Namgyal lives in his beautiful apartments in Stok Palace, but he is sad that Leh is chaotic without a plan of development. Tse-Chu festival: Pico lyer attends the Tse-Chu festival, a great event. He finds men and girls selling necklaces, statues of the Buddha, mystical scrolls and CDs. These things are for tourists. Many of Ladakh`s festivals have been shifted to summer for the enjoyment of foreign tourists. Ladakh`s teenagers are fashion-conscious. Inside the temple’s great courtyard masked Lamas display meditative movements and present dances representing scenes from the life of Padmasambhava, the eight-century Indian reformer. Earlier festivals were held in winter when the people of Ladakh had no www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 3 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH work in the fields. But now the festivals are held in summer for the convenience of foreign tourists. Services rendered by Helena Norberg-Hodge: Helena Norberg-Hodge makes an effort to protect the traditional world of Ladakh. She arrived in 1975 and set up an ecology centre, a women’s alliance and other organizations to protect the character of Ladakh. For instance, the women’s alliance started a restaurant where only the traditional local food was served although local items were costlier than imported food items. As a result of her efforts, the people understand what was good for them. Foreigners were asked to follow ‘mindful’ tourism. At the women’s alliance discussions were held every day on development and protection of Ladakh indigenous culture. Thus, most of the tourists who visited Ladakh played an important role to protect Ladakh’s culture and heritage besides bringing awareness to Ladakh people to improve their economy. Conclusion: A senior private secretary of Dalai Lama said that Ladakh was the closest place to Tibet which he might not be able to see again. To him Ladakh was a way to recover something lost and sustain it as valuable and abiding possession. Thus Pico lyer presents Ladakh, the land of high passes, as heaven’s gate for its beautiful landscapes, snowfields, temples and blue sky. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 4 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH I UNIT : HARAGOBIND KHORANA Introduction: Hargobind Khorana was born in a little village called Raipur in Punjab on 9, January 1922. Khorana’s father was ‘Patwari’. Pawari was a village agricultural taxation clerk in the British India system of government. Although they were poor, his father was determined to educate his children. They were the only literate family in Khorana’s village, which was inhabited by about 100people.He went to the DAV High School in Multan of West Pakistan. One of his teachers, Ratan Lal, greatly influenced him during the high school days. Later Hargobind studied at the Punjab University, Lahore, and obtained an M.Sc. Degree. His supervisor was Mr. Mohan Singh, a great teacher, who also influenced Hargobind greatly. Khorana’s Academic Achievements: Hargobind lived in India until 1945 when he got an opportunity to go to England on a Fellowship. In England, he worked for a Ph.D. Degree at the University of Liverpool. Roger J.S. Beer not only supervised his research, but also looked after Hargobind affectionately. He was greatly exposed to Western civilization and culture during this period. Later, during 1948-49, he was in Zurich with Professor Vladimir Prelog for doing Postdoctoral studies. His association with Professor Vladimir Prelog greatly moulded his thought and philosophy towards science, work and personal effort. After a brief period in India during the winter of 1949, Hargobind went back to England. This time he obtained a Fellowship to work with Dr. G.W. Kenner and Professor A.R. Todd. During the period 1950-52, he did research on nucleic acids. This research strengthened his interest in both proteins and nucleic acids. After this, Hargobind went to Vancouver to take up the job offered by Dr. Gordon M. Shrum of British Columbia. Hargobind liked the academic freedom available at the British Columbia Research Council. He was greatly benefited by the inspiration, encouragement and help extended by Dr. Shrum, Dr. Jack Campbell and Dr. Gordon M. Tener. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 5 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Khorana‘s Research leading to the award of Nobel Prize: Hargobind later held Fellowships and Professorships in Switzerland at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of British Columbia and Wisconsin. He corroborated Nirenberg’s findings. Their work was concerned with the research that helped to show how the genetic components of the nucleus control the synthesis of proteins. In other words, the research helped to show how the nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell, control the cell’s synthesis of proteins. Hargobind’s relentless research in biology was crowned with glory when he was awarded the Noble Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1968 with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley. Role of Khorana’s wife Esther Elizabeth Sibler: Khorana got married in 1952 to Esther Elizabeth Sibler, who is of Swiss origin. They had three children. She was a caring and encouraging lady in his life. She played a very significant role in his life. She has become a great source of strength and support to him. All through his career, she strengthened his sense of purpose. Role of Marshall W. Nirenberg: Khorana shared his Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1968 with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley. Nierenberg interest in cell studies attracted the attention of Khorana. Their research showed how the genetic components of the cell nucleus control the synthesis of proteins. Nirenberg was born in New York City in 1927. When he was twelve years old, his family moved to Orlando, Florida. His early interest in Ornithology Prompted him to study biology. He explored the ecological diversity of the Wetlands of Florida. The instructions and guidelines that he received from museum curators, biochemists and other professionals greatly helped him. In the year 1948 Nirenberg passed out from the University of Florida with a degree of Bachelor of Science. Later he did the Master’s course in the same University, specializing in the subjects of Ecology and categorization of caddis flies. After the M.Sc. course in Zoology, Nirenberg went to the University of Michigan and acquired a Ph.D. Degree. His research on sugar transport in tumor cells showed his interest in the Chemistry of life. In fact, he displayed more and more interest in the essence of life itself. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 6 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Khorana as a Biologist with a Vision: Hargobind and his team synthesized the first artificial copy of a yeast gene in 1971 he joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1976 his team for the first time synthesized a biologically active gene, which later became the basis for gene therapy and biotechnology. He was the pioneering scientist to synthesize oligonucleotides, which helps in sequencing, cloning and engineering new plants and animals. Certainly he is a biologist with a vision. He was an Emeritus Professor of Biology and Chemistry at MIT, Massachusetts. Har Gobind Khorana, who rose from a childhood of poverty in India to become a biochemist and share in a Nobel Prize for his role in deciphering the genetic code, died of natural causes on November 9, 2011 in Massachusetts, aged 89. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 7 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH II UNIT - SIR C.V.RAMAN ( Shubashree Deskan ) Sir C.V. Raman Early Life: Sir C.V. Raman was born on 8 November 1888 in a village near Tiruchirapalli. He was the second child of R.Chandrashekar Iyer and Parwathi Ammal. Raman’s father was working as a lecturer in Mrs A.V.Narsimha Rao College. Sir C.V. Raman was not an athlete and sportsman like his father, but he was very intelligent and preferred to read books and attends to his academic work. He was an industrious reader and went through his father’s collection of books on a variety of subjects. The three books that greatly influenced him were Edwin Arnold’s “Light of Asia” which is the story of Gautama Buddha, “The Elements of Euclid”, a treatise on classical geometry and “The Sensations of Tone” by German Scientist, Helmholtz. The reflections of these three great minds could be seen on the work of Raman. Sir C.V. Raman Education: Raman was a gifted child. He completed his school education when he was just eleven years old and spent two years studying in his father’ college. At the age of thirteen he joined the B.A. course in Presidency College, Madras. As the youngest student of the class, he also looked quite unimpressive. His English Professor, E.H. Elliot, asked him if he really belonged to that class. However, everyone was astonished when he stood first in B.A. examinations. Raman’s teachers asked him to prepare for Indian Civil Services examination, but the Civil Surgeon of Madras declared that he was medically unfit to travel to England for the ICS examination. However, Raman joined the M.A. Physics class in Presidency College, Madras. He made the best use of the freedom available in the course and sharpened his original thinking. There was a topic for discussion in the text book on how the light fell on a screen placed in its path would get diffracted when entering a narrow slit. But Raman wondered what would happen if the light shone straight, not from an angle. The results of his study were published in a British Journal, “Philosophical Magazine”. He was in his teens then, and he was the first student of Presidency College to publish a research Paper. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 8 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Raman’s Research & Professional Achievements: Raman passed the M.A. examination in January, 1907 coming first in the University. Since research was not possible in India, he sat for the Civil Services (FCS) examination and topped the list. He was posted to Calcutta as the Assistant Accountant General. Ever since Raman was part of the IACS, he played a dual role. He would work efficiently as a finance officer all the day, and after office hours, move to the IACS, where he would immerse himself in research until late night. During these years, his papers appeared in International journals such as Nature and Philosophical Magazine, published in England, and the Physical Review, published in the USA. People loved his lectures as they would include live demonstrations that made even non-specialists understand his work. Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, the newly appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta, offered Raman the position of Palit Professor of Physics at the university around 1917. During his tenure, he required to manage the labs and guide students in research. But he volunteered to teach courses. He guided and inspired many students and many young minds were attracted to this university from many parts of India. The University of Calcutta conferred on Raman an honorary doctorate in 1921. Sir C.V. Raman’s work on waves and sound: C.V. Raman was fascinated by waves and sound. He seems to have carried the memory of reading Helmholtz’s book ‘The Sensations of Tone’ in his school days. While working at Calcutta as Assistant Accountant General, Raman had an opportunity to study and experiment in the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. He chose to study musical instruments first. Using an idea of Helmholtz, Raman explained the working of the ektara which was a simple resonant box with a string. On the basis of the ektara, Raman developed several ideas which he called ‘remarkable resonances’. He also studied the quality of the violin from a scientific point of view. Raman published a book on the violin entitled, “On the Mechanical Theory of Vibrations of Musical Instruments of the Violin Family with Experimental Results: Part-I”. As a scientist he assembled a violin from parts bought from a cycle shop and other available things in the laboratory. It did not look like a violin but it had all the essential features of the violin. Until 1920 his focus was on acoustics. He studied instruments such as veena, tambura, mridangam and tabla in addition to the violin. Then he turned his attention to optics. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 9 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Events leading to the award of the Noble Prize: In 1921 C.V. Raman went to England to attend the University Congress at Oxford. During his voyage back to India, he spent many hours on the deck of the ship watching the blue colour of the sea. It was nothing but reflection of the blue sky. He observed the blue colour from his optical tools and published his findings in the journal, “Nature”. Raman discovered that water Molecular Diffraction of Light. He intensified his research to find evidence for this theory of light through scattering experiment. His theory was proved correct with the discovery of the Compton Effect in 1923. After four more years of continuous experimentation, Raman’s team confidently announced that it was not fluorescence but a modified scattering of light. This led to the discovery made on 28th February that light can undergo a scattering through a liquid resulting in a change in its frequency. This is known as Raman Effect. It is a historic event, so 28th February is now celebrated as National Science Day. C.V. Raman was in mid-thirties when he made his famous discovery and he hoped to get the Nobel Prize for this. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. However, he was sad that he received the Nobel Prize not as a citizen of free India, but as a representative of a British Colony. Establishment of Raman’s Research Center: Later, Raman took over Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore as a Director and he stayed there until 1948. He not only conducted research but also mentored many students. Raman dedicated his final years from 1946 to 1970, to set up of the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore and the running of the Indian Academy of Science. Despite his busy schedule, he edited journals ‘Current Science’ and the Proceedings of the Academy’. C.V.Raman died on 21 November, 1970. By a special arrangement, according to his wish, his mortal remains were consigned to flames in the institute. Today, a solitary tree is all that marks that spot in the grounds of the Raman Research Institute. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 10 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH II UNIT - SAM PITRODA Early Life: Sam Pitroda was born on May 4, 1942 in Titlagarh, Orissa. Sam Pitroda completed his schooling from Vallabh Vidyanagar in Gujarat and pursued Masters in Physics and Electronics from Maharaja Sayajirao University in Vadodara. After completing his studies in India he went to US to obtain his Masters in Electrical Engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology from Chicago. Creation of a new India: Sam Pitroda’s concept of IT is the creation of a new India through a new way of doing things, Pitroda wants IT to question the age-old fundamentals in India and move forward. IT is just not software alone, but the destiny of man as a whole and his development. Sam Pitroda, known as the father of Indian Telecom revolution, used a telephone only after going to the USA to study Electrical Engineering. Fascinated by his first call, he was determined to set up small rural exchanges and connect all parts of India to one another and to the rest of the world. This, he thought, would bring in revolutionary changes in the communication systems and benefit the common man ultimately. Philanthropic services: Sam Pitroda rendered free services for a decade to connect the country. He and his team designed and manufactured 40,000 rural automatic telephone exchanges (RAX) and installed 20 million telephone lines. These exchanges provided toll-free information services. As the mobile and landline telephone numbers were interconnected, great changes took place in the fields of administration, business, education, information media and other fields. He also visualized a countrywide network of thousands of public telephone booths to provide easy access to the people. Accordingly, he created 6,00,000 STD/PCO phone booths and provided employment for a million people , especially physically challenged people, and phone access to a billion people. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 11 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Development of Indian telecommunication: Pitroda believed that food, water, shelter and communication are the fundamental components in the process of modernization. He asserted that cent percent literacy, ten million new jobs a year and ten percent growth a year in the economy must be achieved. To ensure this development, people must be trained not to take jobs, but to create jobs. He made a call to the computer professionals of India to solve the problems of our own country in the areas of governance, commerce, finance, education, health, agriculture, environment, legal issues and employment. His idea was that IT should be used to simplify life and do things without hurdles. Pitroda firmly believes that Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of self-sufficient village community can be achieved through IT applications. With a sense of urgency this common agenda must be adopted all citizens. Then India will forge ahead into a modern nation. Sam Pitroda’s innovations and contributions in telecom: Soon after his first phone call from the United States of America, Sam Pitroda worked on digital switching technology at GTH Inc., Chicago, USA. After a tenure of ten years in GTE, Pitroda started his own telephone exchange company called Wescom Switching in 1974. Later he sold the company to Rockwell for 10 million dollars. An opportunity came his way to make his dream reality when Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi appointed him the Chief Scientific Advisor and asked him to start a Centre for the Development of Telematics (C-DOT). Pitroda secured over 50 patents for digital switching, synchronization, tone generation, tone receiving and conferencing. He shaped India’s telecom policy, telecom legislation and development in the country. The fibre optic mechanism worked out by Pitroda made high speed connectivity possible. The Internet will pave www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 12 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH the way for e-governance. He is sure that IT can provide solutions to our problems. To develop telecom infrastructure in third world countries, he founded World Tel in 1995. He is now working on an Electronic wallet which will have all kinds of cards. This will pave the way for electronic payment system. Honours & Awards: In July 2009, he became the advisor to Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh in the field of Public Information Infrastructure and Innovations. With his global leadership, vision and knowledge, he is known as one of the noted entrepreneur and advisor that India will be always proud of. Some of the recognized awards given to him are Rajiv Gandhi Global India award in 2009 and Padma Bhushan award by Indian government in 2009. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 13 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH III UNIT - THE CONNOISSEUR ( Nergis Dalal ) Introduction: Nergis Dalal is one of the most prominent feminist writers in India. She is a versatile writer with natural talent for writing. In the short story ‘Connoisseur’ an interesting tale of Miss Krishna is presented and author presents her character in a contrast to Miss Krishna. This piece of prose explores human relations of the present day. In the short story “The Connoisseur”, the narrator and Miss Krishna are presented as a perfect foil to each other. Miss Krishna was a spinster. She was aged about sixty five. She has a nervous and frenetic appearance which also reflects in her dressing. She has a great fascination to beautiful things and she steals these artifacts and preserves them carefully. She had habit of talking continuously and used to ask umpteen numbers of questions. The title of the lesson is quite apt as it deals with the story of Miss Krishna, a connoisseur. She has great appreciation for all beautiful artifacts and other exquisite household things. Background of Miss Krishna: The narrator is an active writer, whereas Miss Krishna is living on a small annuity left by her mother. Both are living alone. They meet at an art exhibition and become acquainted to each other. Miss Krishna is a tactical woman. She knows how to impress people and get the benefits she wants. She also makes people sympathize with her miserable situation. She has many complaints against her mother who was partial to her younger sister. She insists that her life is a continuous struggle because of poverty. She is sad about her coarse bed sheets, uncarpeted floors, Pottery cups and plates, and ugly and discarded furniture. She feels envious of the narrator’s house and articles in it. She declares that she is starved of beautiful things. She claims that beauty is the panacea for all her ills. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 14 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Character of the Narrator: Compared to Miss Krishna, the narrator is a self-contained, self-satisfied and uncomplaining gentle lady. She keeps herself busily engaged in typing out her writings. She is thoughtful but not talkative like Miss Krishna. However, the narrator feels a sense of sympathy for Miss Krishna and even to pool their incomes. The narrator, on the other hand, enjoys living alone and making herself comfortable. She has no financial worries. With a few necessary luxuries she makes her life run smoothly. Miss Krishna’s eccentric behaviour : The narrator takes Miss Krishna to her house out of sympathy only. But Miss Krishna brings a number of black trunks and fills the house with them. She moves about the house, picks small things and asks a number of questions about them, and disturbs the narrator in her work. She even asks unwanted questions about the narrator’s late husband, their relations and their earnings. She probes into all matters and irritates the narrator. She even reads her manuscripts though it is unethical. The narrator was alarmed by this. One day finding that the distempering and painting of Miss Krishna’s house had been completed a week before, the narrator asked her to go back to her own house. Miss Krishna’s fascination towards beautiful things: On the pretext that a thing of beauty is joy forever, Miss Krishna pilfers precious little things from the houses of her hosts. She used to pilfer beautiful things like teacups, spoons, candle holders, wooden statues, silver vases, jade Buddha, jade Buddha, jeweled watches and clocks which she securely stored in a number of black trunks. Her black trunks are filled with them. Even her large purse contains pilfered things belonging to others. She shows all her newly pilfered things to the narrator and claims that she bought them very cheaply. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 15 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH The narrator understands that Miss Krishna wants beautiful things only to look at them but not to adorn her house with them or sell them for money. Once she showed to the narrator a coffee cup and saucer in red and gold colour. Later when the narrator visited a friend’s house, she came to know the coffee set was pilfered by Miss Krishna our of the friend’s twelve sets bought in Paris. One day she offers to give the narrator a small Burmese box as a gift, but the latter rejects it because she does not accept gifts from anyone, being a self respecting woman. Unexpected Humour in the Story: The puzzling thing is that before her death, Miss Krishna bequeaths everything to the narrator. When the black trunks are opened, the narrator finds her missing clock among scores of small things. She takes only her clock and leaves the rest to Miss Krishna’s sister. Thus while the narrator is a plain, simple and honest woman, Miss Krishna is a curious, mysterious and enigmatic woman deserving the pseudonym Maya. Her sense of beauty was her panacea or remedy for all her ills. Perhaps these things of beauty gave her joy in life. The story has an air of mystery and an unexpected humour. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 16 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH UNIT III MOTHER TERESA Early life of Mother Teresa: Mother Teresa was born on 26 August 1910. Her original name was Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu. She was youngest of the children of a family from Shkoder, Albania. Her parents were Nikolle and Drana Bojaxhiu. Her father died when Agnes was only eight years old. Nikola was a contractor, working with a partner in a successful construction business. He was also heavily involved in the politics of the day. Her father's rather sudden and shocking death, life changed overnight as their mother assumed total responsibility for the family. Five children were born to Nikola and Drana, yet only three survived. Gonxha was the youngest, with an older sister, Aga, and brother, Lazar. Then her mother brought her up as a Roman Catholic. Agnes was fascinated by the stories of the lives of missionaries and service. At the age of twelve she decided to lead a religious life. She left home at the age of eighteen and joined the Sisters of Loreto as a missionary. She never saw her mother and sister again. Agnes first went to Loreto Abbey in Rathfarnham in Ireland to learn English in order to teach school children in India. Mother arrived in India: She arrived in India in 1929 and started working in Darjeeling. After taking religious vows, she began teaching in the Loreto convent school in Eastern Calcutta. She was very much disturbed by the poverty all around. The famine of 1943 brought about a sea-change in her. On 10 September 1946 she felt “a call within the call” and decided to leave the convent and help the poor while living among them. She began her missionary service in 1948. She took Indian citizenship and changed her dress www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 17 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH pattern. She declared that God wanted her to be a free nun covered with the poverty of the cross, so that she could understand the poverty of others and help them. The Streets of Calcutta: Wisely, she thought to start by teaching the children of the slums, an endeavor she knew well. Though she had no proper equipment, she made use of what was available—writing in the dirt. She strove to make the children of the poor literate, to teach them basic hygiene. As they grew to know her, she gradually began visiting the poor and ill in their families and others all crowded together in the surrounding squalid shacks, inquiring about their needs. Home for the Dying: In 1952 Mother Teresa opened the first Home for the Dying in space made available by the city of Calcutta . With the help of Indian officials she converted an abandoned temple into the Home for the Dying, a free hospice for the poor. She renamed it, the Home of the Pure Heart (Nirmal Hriday). Those brought to the home received medical attention and were afforded the opportunity to die with dignity, according to the rituals of their faith; Muslims were read the Quran, Hindus received water from the Ganges, and Catholics received the Last Rites. "A beautiful death," she said, "is for people who lived like animals to die like angels—loved and wanted". She soon opened a home for those suffering from leprosy, and called the hospice Shanti Nagar (City of Peace). The Missionaries of Charity also established several leprosy outreach clinics throughout Calcutta, providing medication, bandages and food. Services Rendered by Mother Teresa: Mother Teresa started Missionaries of Charity in 1950 to care for the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind the lepers and all those who feel unwanted, unloved and uncared for. In 1955 she opened Nirmala Shishu Bhavan, a home for orphans and homeless youth. By 1960s, she opened hospitals, orphanages and leper homes all over India. The first overseas home of this type was opened in Venezuela in 1965. By 1970s other similar homes were opened throughout Asia, Africa, Europe and the US. Mother Teresa also started the Corpus Christi Movement for Priests in 1981 and the Missionaries of Charity Fathers in 1984. Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity continues to expand with an ever growing number of services. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 18 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH By 2007 it had 450 brothers and 5000 nuns worldwide operating 610 service centres in 123 countries. Honours & Awards: Mother Teresa started the Missionaries of Charity Brothers in 1963 and a branch of the Sisters in 1976. By 1970s, she became famous throughout the world as a humanitarian and champion of the poor and helpless. Her fame was due not only to her humanitarian services but also to the book Something Beautiful for God, written by Malcolm Muggeridge. For the poor, the homeless, the hopeless, the diseased, the dying, the unloved, the uncared for, the unfed, the unlettered and orphans, she was the mother. No wonder, for all her humanitarian services, Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979, and India’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1980. She was beautified by Pope John Paul II on 19th October 2003, with the title, Blessed Teresa of Calcutta. She received numerous awards including Ramon Magsaysay Award and Padmashri Award (1962). The honor and appreciation, Mother Teresa received could not be measured in terms of awards and prizes. The real awards came from the people she served and worked with. Mother Last Days : After 1980, Mother suffered some serious health problems including two cardiac arrests. Despite the problems, Mother herself governed the Missionaries of Charity and its branches, as efficiently as earlier. In April 1996, Mother Teresa fell and broke her collar bone. Since then, Mother's health started declining. On September 5, 1997, Mother Teresa passed away. Miracle &Beatification: In 2002, the Vatican recognized a miracle the healing of a cancer tumor in the abdomen of an Indian woman, Monica Besra, following an application of a locket containing Teresa’s picture. Monica said that a beam of light emanated from the picture, curing the cancerous tumor.In 2002, Pope John Paul II confirmed the decrees to Mother's canonization. On 19 October, 2003 the Pope beatified the Mother before a huge crowd at St. Peter's square, Vatican City. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 19 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH IV UNIT CUDDALORE EXPERIENCE ( Anu George ) Introduction: The Cuddalore Experience is a report on the action taken by Anu George, an IAS officer after the tsunami struck Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu. Cuddalore experienced unprecedented floods in October and tsunami in December 2004. The damage caused by the disaster was of a great magnitude. It is also one of the most backward districts of Tamilnadu in terms of social indicators, frequent occurrence of disasters. These calamities and social backwardness of the place were major setbacks and it also results in the inability to cope using its resources. The magnitude of the loss was huge and terrible. However, the district administration initiated relief and rehabilitation operations on a war-footing. Rescue & Relief Operations: The first thing done was to arrange for a public announcement system. This helped in streamlining the rescue and relief operations and reducing the confusion at the hospitals. A search for the dead and the injured was initiated and public information centers were also set up to provide available information. Food and water were provided to 24,000 evacuees with the help of volunteers and philanthropic agencies. The dead bodies of 618 persons were individually photographed for identification and given a mass burial. This helped in preventing out bread of diseases. Relief Centers: Most of the relief camps were located in wedding halls. Thirty-eight such centers were set up for the sake of refugees. With perfect co-ordination between authorities and voluntary agencies, food and water were provided to the refugees. Arrangements were made for sanitary work. Medical camps were set up. Cooked food was monitored as a precautionary measure. Syntax tanks were put up in relief centers for immediate supply of water. Immediate steps were taken to restore civic amenities like power and water supply. Also three desalination plants were set up. As many as 107 bore wells were dug and pipelines were provided to ensure water supply to all the temporary shelters. Police patrolling was arranged to prevent thefts and other www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 20 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH untoward incidents. Control rooms were set up to ensure speedy communication of problems and solutions. Handling relief materials: As many as 51 habitations were reduced to rubble by the floods and tsunami. Urgent cleaning was necessary to prevent epidemics. Therefore army personnel were pressed into service and within a few days mass cleaning was completed. The relief centres and villages were disinfected with bleaching powder, lime and phenyl. Community kitchens were organized to feed 7085 refuges for a month. An inventory of all donated relief materials was computerized to ensure equitable distribution. Donors were given acknowledgements. Coupon system was evolved for distribution of relief materials. These lists were circulated to the donors so that they were made aware of what was needed and not. The immediate positive result was, old clothes which were in excess causing problem were stopped coming with the circulation of these lists to the coordinating agencies. Doctors and medicines were also channelised through the department of health in equitable distribution in all the needy areas. The team identified which village needs what and distribution was also made accordingly. The cooperation of the police was sought. Coupon system was also introduced to prevent any untoward incidents with comparisons of the materials in relief camps. Health Services rendered by Administration: The district administration of Cuddalore set up thirty-eight centres for refugees. Food and water were supplied regularly. Sanitary workers were appointed to clean the places on a daily basis. Medical camps were also set up. Teams of doctors visited the camps every day. The cooked food was monitored as a precautionary measure. Villages were cleaned up to control epidemics. Dead bodies of human beings and www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 21 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH animals were disposed of. To disinfect relief centres and the ravaged villages, bleaching powder, lime and phenyl were used. Twenty three teams of doctors did wonderful service. They treated 80,117 people with 437 people as in-patients. The doctors also gave 9373 doses of measles and polio vaccine. They further mobilized 17,000 typhoid vaccines. The medical teams organized counseling for the mentally traumatized people including children. Play therapy sessions were specially held for children. Homes were opened for tsunami orphans to provide them psychosocial well-being. Agricultural land to the extent of 517.7 hectares was rendered saline. Eco-friendly technologies were used to facilitate faster reclamation. Farmers were given enhanced compensation. Dead animals were disposed of and 20,109 animals were vaccinated. Conclusion: Disasters both natural and man made expose the most vulnerable sections of society to grave danger. It is believed that the worst effected party of the natural disasters was the poor. Thus Anu George, has given a very brief account of “Cuddalore Experience” and also reminded us our responsibility towards taking up the social responsibility during nature’s fury and to extend support during natural calamities. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 22 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH IV UNIT - AMRTYA KUMAR SEN Sen’s Early life : Amartya Sen was born in 1933 to a Bengali Hindu family of Santiniketan, West Bengal, India. Rabindranath Tagore is said to have given Amartya Sen his name ("Amartya" meaning "immortal"). Sen hails from a distinguished family: his maternal grandfather a close associate of Rabindranath Tagore, Sen's father Professor Ashutosh Sen and mother Amita Sen were both born in Dhaka. His father was a Professor of Chemistry at Dhaka University and later served for several years in Delhi, becoming the Chairman of the West Bengal Public Service Commission. Education: Amartya Kumar Sen’s education began in St. Gregory’s School, Dhaka. He soon moved to Shantiniketan of Rabindranath Tagore. It was here that at a very young age. Amartya Sen decided to become a teacher and researcher. During his earlier days, he studied subjects like Sanskrit, Mathematics and Physics, but soon he settled down for “the eccentric charms of Economics”. He was greatly influenced by the cultural diversity in the world as reflected in the curriculum of Shantiniketan. In 1953 Amartya Sen moved from Calcutta to Cambridge to study at Trinity College another B.A. course in Pure Economics. After one year of research, he went to Banaras Hindu University to write his Ph.D. thesis for a competitive Prize Fellowship at Trinity College and got elected. He was given four years of freedom to do whatever he liked. During this period he studied philosophy to broaden his perspective. He worked with great philosophers like Ravels, lsaiah Thomas Scanion, Robert Dworkin, Benard Williams, Derek Parfit and Robert Nozick. Influence of Presidency College: To broaden his political vision, Amartya Sen, while still at Shantiniketan, taught illiterate rural children of neighbouring villages in evening schools. The Bengal www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 23 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH famine of 1943 in which three million landless rural labourers were killed confirmed his economic and social philosophy. Since Economics was closely related to philosophical disciplines, he spent four years studying philosophy. Later Amartya Sen studied at Presidency College, Calcutta from 1951 to 1953. He already formed his views on cultural identity consisting of plurality and absorption. His intellectual horizon was broadened by the educational excellence of Presidency College, where he studied under great teachers. The student community of this college was politically active, but Amartya Sen did not develop an enthusiasm to join any political party. But the egalitarian commitment of the left appealed to him. With this exposure, he participated in the running of evening schools for illiterate rural children in the neighbouring villages. This facilitated his political and social enlargement. As a Professor in Economics: In 1963 Amartya Sen left Cambridge and joined the Delhi School of Economics as a professor. He worked with K.N Ray, the Head of the Delhi School, and made it a great centre of education in Economics and Social Sciences in India. During this period he developed the social choice theory in the dynamic atmosphere of the Delhi School of Economics. Amartya Kumar Sen’s views on Economics: At an early age Amartya kumar Sen was attracted to the “eccentric charms of Economics”. As a student of Shantiniketan, he was greatly influenced by the cultural diversity in the world. The sectarian or communitarian society of India and the murder of a poor Muslim, Khader Mia, of Dhaka at the hands of his rivals, formed the basis of Amartya Sen’s studies in Economics. Amartya Sen attributed incidents like this to narrowly defined identities, divisiveness and economic uncertainty. His answer to the violations of freedom lay in plurality, absorption, equity and universal tolerance. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 24 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Theory of social choice: The social choice theory related to aggregation in economic assessment and policy making. He elaborated this theory in his book, Collective Choice and Social Welfare. Later he shifted from pure theory of social choice to more practical problems. This was essential to assess poverty, inequality, deprivation, distribution of national income, unemployment, violation of personal liberties and basic rights, gender disparities and women’s disadvantages. Amartya Sen shifted to America in 1985 and started analysing the implications of Welfare economics and Political Philosophy. He declared that welfare economics dealt with assessment of how well things were going for the members of the society. If things were not well, there should be a justification for that. He had a particular interest in poorest members of the society. By combining the tools of economics and philosophy, he lent an ethical dimension to economic studies. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded him the Nobel Prize for Economics in October 1998. He used a part of the prize money to run his Pratichi Trust which did social and charity work in India and Bangladesh in the fields of literacy, health care and gender equality. Known as the Mother Teresa of Economics, he spent a lifetime fighting poverty through analysis instead of political activity. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 25 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH V UNIT - BUBBLING WELL ROAD (Rudyard Kipling) Introduction: Rudyard Kipling was an English short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He was one of the most popular writers in England, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. He was born in Bombay, in 1865. Kipling is best known for his works of fiction, including The Jungle Book. ‘Bubbling Well Road’ is one of the humorous short stories of Kipling. The author begins it with a reference to the location of Chachuran, a hamlet. Arti-goth Patch: The Chenab falls into the Indus about fifteen miles above the hamlet of Chachuran. Five miles to the west of this hamlet lies the Bubbling Well Road and the house of the priest of Arti-goth. Five miles to the west of Chachuran, there is a patch of ten to twenty feet high jungle grass in a plot of three to four square miles. In the middle of this plot hides the priest. The priest is a one-eyed man with the impress of two copper coins burnt between his brows. Some people say that in the days of Runjit Singh, this old man must have been tortured for his mischiefs. Only the British Government can control him now. Narrator’s Hunting: A pig with a foot-long teeth enters the grass patch. The narrator goes into the patch to shoot it for the sake of honor. He carries a gun. He is accompanied by his dog, Mr. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 26 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Wardle. The dog slips in and out of the grass clumps, but the narrator finds it hard to go through the thick grass. He feels that he is in the midst of Central Asia. He is unable to see two yards through the grass. The grass stems are as hot as boiler tubes. The narrator wishes to leave the pig alone. He comes to a six-inch narrow path that runs through thick grass. After fifty yards, he finds the dog missing. He wonders where it has gone. He called it thrice aloud ‘where has the little beast gone to?’ he was shocked to notice that a deep voice under his feet was repeated. Each time he called after, an echo assisted him. He paid close attention and heard that a man laughing in a peculiarly offensive tone. The heat made him sweat and laughing made him shake. He felt it was indecent and impolite. He held his rifle carefully and moved it in all directions as he proceeds. Since the rifle was heavy, he grunted while moving and the grunt was faithfully repeated. When he stopped to wipe his face the sound of low laughter was clear beyond doubt. The There seems to be no ground in front of him He drives his gun around but it does not touch the ground. The mystery of Bubbling Well: The narrator moves forward inch by inch and finds a black gap in the ground just before him. It is very deep well. Very black things are circling round and round in the black water. A little spring of water on one side of the well is creating the sound of laughter. Something in the well turns over on its back and moves round and round with one hand and half an arm held high. The narrator creeps round the well and after walking through the grass for some time, comes to a good path. This path takes him to the priest’s hut. The priest is afraid of the white coloured narrator. Being tired, he goes to sleep on a bedstead outside the priest’s hut. After waking up, asks the priest to lead him out of the grass into an open ground. Though both the author and the dog were angry, the priest was more afraid of the dog than its master. Mr. Wardle hates the natives. On www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 27 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH their way, they reached the bubbling well road. The author heard the well laughing to itself alone in the thick grass and he was annoyed and angry. He in a pitch of anger, he wanted to shoot both barrels into priest’s back but his need of priest’s services prevented him from shooting. When they reach an open ground, the priest runs back into the thick grass. The villagers throw stones at him if they see him. The narrator walks to the village of Arti-goth for a drink, the narrator learns from the villagers of Arti-goth that the patch of grass is full of devils and ghosts. They are all in the service of the priest. Men, women and children who enter the grass never return. The priest uses their livers for his witchcraft. Conclusion: Before leaving, the narrator tries to burn the grass, but it is too green. He decides to come back in summer with a bundle of newspapers and a match-box and put an end to the mystery of the Bubbling Well Road. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 28 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH V UNIT I HAVE A DREAM - MARTIN LUTHER KING Jr Introduction: Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. He has become a national icon in the history of modern American liberalism. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. He addressed the greatest demonstration of Negroes in the history of America at Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., on 28 August 1963. In the inspiring address, he focused on the injustice done to the Negroes of America. In fact, a hundred years ago, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation bringing hope to millions of Negro slaves who were subjected to injustice. The condition of the Negroes in America: However, a hundred years later the Negro still was not free. He was separated from the white society and treated with prejudice. He was made to live in poverty when the entire nation was enjoying material prosperity. He was pushed away and neglected. He was treated as an exile in his own homeland. A hundred years ago the Constitution was drafted and Independence was declared. It was like a promissory note that guaranteed the right of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. But America defaulted. It gave the Negro people a bad cheque and it came back for want of funds. The Negro was denied justice and opportunity. The demonstration was organized to demand freedom and justice. This was urgent. Martin Luther King asked the Negroes not to rest until they achieved their just demands. The Negroes were subjected to great trials and tribulations. Some of them came fresh from prisons. They faced sufferings and police brutality. Since suffering would finally set them free, he asked them to come out of despair. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 29 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Exhorts the Negroes not to turn back but march ahead: After a hundred years of the drafting of the Constitution and declaration of Independence, the condition of the Negroes in America did not improve a bit. They were still subjected to segregation, injustice, captivity, citizenship tights, suffering and despair. However, Martin Luther King asks the Negroes not to cool off but continue their struggle. He made it clear to the Negroes that they should come out of segregation and achieve racial justice. All the children of God must get equal opportunities .From racial injustice they must proceed to brotherhood. It would not be good for America to ignore the urgency of the Negro issue or underestimate it. Certainly the Negro discontent would soon yield place to freedom and equality. The struggle had just begun. There would be neither rest nor peace until the demands of the Negroes were fulfilled. The foundations of the nation would be shaken unless the demands were met. King’s clarion call to the Negroes: However, Martin Luther King asked the Negroes not to indulge in wrongful deeds even for a right cause. The means must justify the ends. He also asked them not to display bitterness and hatred towards the whites. He exhorted them to conduct themselves with dignity and discipline. Violence must be avoided. Physical force must be met with soul force. Not all whites should be distrusted. Many whites realized that their destiny and freedom were tied up with those of the Negroes. The Negroes must know that they would not be able to walk alone. Martin Luther King asked the Negroes always to march ahead and never turn back. They should not be satisfied until they could enter motels and hotels, and move from smaller homes to larger homes like others. They would not be satisfied unless they were allowed to vote for a better future and get justice and righteous treatment. Finally, Martin Luther King gave a clarion call to the Negroes to come out of their despair and continue to work with the faith that selfless suffering would result in redemption. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 30 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH Martin Luther King’s dream: During the historic demonstration, Martin Luther King announced that he had a dream within the larger American dream. The dream was for a better destiny for the Negroes of America. He entertained the hope that one day America would rise up to the truth that all men were created equal. He dreamed that one day slaves and slaveowners would eat together like brothers. His dream was that the state of Mississippi would become on oasis of freedom and justice. Further Martin Luther King held the dream that one day his four children would be judged not by the colour of their skin, but by their character. Another dream of Martin Luther King was that in the state of Alabama black boys and black girls would join hands with their white counterparts and walk together as sisters and brothers. Martin Luther King had unqualified faith in God. He was sure that one day lowly placed things would be elevated and highly placed things would be humbled. Rough places would become plain and crooked places would be made straight. God would thus reveal his glory. He hoped that one day the differences would vanish and there would be brotherhood in America. With faith in God, Martin Luther King declared that the Negroes would be able to work, pray, struggle, suffer in jail, and demand freedom, together. They knew that they would be free one day. On that day all the children of God would sing of freedom in ringing tones. There would be no difference then between black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics. This meant that all men were free at last. This was the fond dream of Martin Luther King. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 31 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH UNIT VI THE ODDS AGAINST US (Satyajit Ray) Introduction: Satyajit Ray (2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian filmmaker. He is regarded as one of the few great masters of world cinema. Besides filmmaking, Ray also wrote stories and developed his own distinct style of writing. Ray was born in the city of Calcutta into a Bengali family prominent in the world of arts and literature. Ray directed thirty-seven films, including feature films, documentaries and shorts. He was also a fiction writer, publisher, illustrator, graphic designer and film critic. Regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, Ray mastered the craft of storytelling through simple yet emotive narration. Despite being made in a vernacular language, Satyajit Ray’s films appeal to a universal audience with their subtle depictions of the spectrum of human emotions and relationships. Film making is tough business: According to Satyajit Ray film making is a tough business for various reasons. This is true in the case of Indian films, especially the Bengali films. With sufficient financial support, men and materials, it is easy for Hollywood to make a movie like Spartacus, or for the Soviet Russia to make a movie like War and Peace. They can present battles, orgies, earthquakes, fires, victory processions and other similar scenes. Films that are commonly made in India: However, in India epics cannot be shown, because we do not have enough money, market and technology to be able to compete with Hollywood. Therefore we have www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 32 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH chosen the intimate type of cinemas. Our cinemas have adopted mood and atmosphere instead of grandeur and spectacle. Though our financial position has improved a little, we still have problems of our own. Ray felt that Intimate cinema is the most common kind of cinema on Indian silver screen. Factors that should guide a director: If we consider film making from the initial stages, the first problem is finding an effective story, which is viewed as property. It is the director who chooses the story. His choice is based on two considerations. They are, his liking or sympathy for the story and his confidence that the story will make a good film. Here the public view is also important. The director must keep it in mind that if the film does not bring back its cost or capital, his backers will lose faith in him. He will become unwanted and a bad risk. A director may explore new themes, and new aspects of society and human relations, but they will find only a minority public or viewers. Therefore the director must be careful about his budget. Similarly, the director must avoid full-bodied treatment of physical passion. Love scenes in India must be suggestive only in the spirit of established moral conventions. Restrictions when making a movie: There are other problems, too. We cannot show a corrupt politician, a corrupt bank clerk with a Gandhi cap on, and an office boss passing comments on an Anglo-Indian. We cannot deviate a bit from a popular classic. Story-wise the director’s choices are very limited. He is in a narrow field. The next problem is finding the suitable casting. We have no agents to scout talent. Even if there are talented people, they do not respond to advertisements. The next problem is shooting. Our studios have crevices on the walls. They are infested by rodents. There are pits in the floors and cameras groan. Electrical power drops. In spite of all these problems, it is within the powers of the director to make a www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 33 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH good film or a bad film. It is exciting to be able to create beauty even in the absence of necessities and comforts. The problems of casting in Indian films: In the Indian film making casting has its problems. It is the first step in the process of interpretation. In Indian films some of the roles are pre-cast. The roles are created keeping certain actors and actresses in mind. But there are no professional players for the role of an 80-year old grandfather. Similarly, there are no players for minor roles such as common men, women, children, peasants, shopkeepers, professors, prostitutes and so on. How to find actors for these roles is the question. In most countries there are agents who keep a list of all available extra actors. The director can choose his actors from them. The deserving people do not respond to advertisements for fear or suspicion of refection. Those who respond are not suitable for the roles. Therefore the search is made on streets among pedestrians, in race-meets, parties and wedding receptions. Satyajit Ray was lucky in finding the right players for his roles, but the possibility of failure was always around the corner. There is always an acute shortage of good professional actors and actresses of middle age and above. There are roles that can be brought to life only by professionals. Thus casting is always a problem in film making. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 34 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH VI UNIT Ask Not What your Country Can Do For You – JOHON F.KENNEDY Introduction: John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. After military service as commander during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat. Kennedy defeated Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address: In his inaugural address, as the president of America, John F. Kennedy expresses his views on several national and international issues that America was concerned with. He describes the occasion as a celebration of freedom. He declares that America has always been committed to human rights and the survival of liberty. Kennedy assures loyalty to allies and calls for co-operative ventures. He asks newly liberate nations to strongly assert their own freedom. He promises to help those who are in misery and poverty. Kennedy offers a new alliance with the southern republics for progress and removal of poverty. These republics must remain masters of their own house. He also pledges America’s support for the United Nations Organization in protecting new and weak nations. Kennedy’s appeal to the opponents: Kennedy requests the opponents of America to join hands for peace before science causes total destruction. However, he is unhappy that the two great and powerful groups of nations are spending huge amounts of money for acquiring modern deadly weapons. They must remember that the next war is the last war. Therefore Kennedy proposes sincere negotiations in the direction of unity. He calls for strict control of arms. Kennedy also proposes to explore the wonders, not the terrors, of science. He wants the two groups of nations to explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate diseases, tap the depths of oceans and encourage arts and commerce, He also wants the oppressed nations and people to be liberated. With necessary co-operation from www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 35 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I BTECH-ENGLISH both the groups, a new world can be created where strong people observe justice, weak people have security, and peace is established. All this may take time, but a beginning can be made. Kennedy calls upon Americans to wage a struggle against the common enemies of man namely, tyranny, poverty, disease and war, with hope and patience. He exhorts his fellow Americans to defend freedom with all their energy, faith and devotion, and light the entire word. He gives a clarion call to their country. Finally, Kennedy encourages the people of the entire world to follow God with courage, sacrifice and conscience. These are the salient features of john F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address delivered on January 20, 1963. The proposals to bring about an abiding peace in the world: Kennedy puts before his adversaries some far-reaching proposals for the sake of world peace, freedom and progress. Kennedy makes a request to the adversaries of America to bring about peace before science destroys the world. Both the great and powerful groups of nations are spending large amounts of money on deadly modern weapons that may set in motion mankind’s final war. He calls for sincere negotiations. He proposes that the two groups must try to find ways and means of uniting instead of dividing. He proposes that the two groups must try to find ways and proposes to the two groups to explored, the deserts can be conquered, diseases can be eradicated, the depths of the oceans can be tapped and arts and commerce can be encouraged. Kennedy then asks both sides to liberate oppressed people of the world. With cooperation they can create a new world order in which the strong are just, the weak are secure and peace is established. These things may take a long time. But a beginning may be made. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com Page 36 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I B.Tech. I Mid Examinations, November – 2011 ENGLISH I. Choose the correct alternative: 1. The meaning of Ladakh is __________ (a) the land of high passes (b) the land of mountains (c) the land of rivers (d) the land of valleys. 2. What did Pico Iyer aspire for Ladakhis? (a) Skillful education (b) Preservation of the environs (c) To know about Paris Hilton (d) To retrieve something lost 3. Helen Norberg-Hodge’s organization was trying to protect the _____ of Ladakh. (a) ecology (b) the people (c) spiritual fervour (d) monuments 4. When did Raman pass his M.A., examination? (a) February 1906 (b) January 1907 (c) February 1907 (d) January 1909 5. How did Raman explain the working of ‘ektara’? (a) being fascinated by waves and sounds. (b) by studying about musical instruments (c) by studying and experimenting in the IACS (d) using an idea in Helmholtz’s book 6. What is the prestigious examination that Raman intended to take up? (a) FCS (b) ICS (c) IAAS (d) IACS 7. Where did Khorana begin his research on nucleic acids? (a) the University of Liverpool (b) the University of Wisconsin (c) the University of Cambridge (d) the University of Leeds 8. Then Indian Prime Minister Mr. Rajiv Gandhi made Sam Pitroda his Chief Scientific Advisor and requested him to start a new public-sector venture called __________. (a) Centre for the Development of Telecoms (b) Centre for the www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH Development of Telephones (c) Centre for the Development of Telematics (d) Centre for the Development of Polemics 9. ‘Philosophical Magazine’ is a (a) British Journal (b) American Journal (c) French Journal (d) Indian Journal 10. As a result of RAX about how many exchanges and telephone lines were installed in India? (a) 40,000 exchanges & 40 million telephone lines (b) 20,000 exchanges & 40 million telephone lines(c) 20,000 exchanges & 20 million telephone lines (d) 40,000 exchanges & 20 million telephone lines II Fill in the blanks 11. Ladakh was the one place where pastoral existence was still preserved 12. Who is the author of “journey in Ladakh” Andrew Harvey 13. Workers in the best hotels in Ladakh boast of “24 hours Cold water 14. Raman joined the MA physics class in Presidency College, Madras. 15. Sam pitroda was born in the year 1942. 16. Khorana joined the faculty of Massachusetts Instutitue of Technology as Alfred P. Slaon professor of Biology and chemistry. 17. Raman took up the director ship of Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. 18. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in the year 1930. 19. During Rajiv Gandhi’s government Sam Pitroda became the chairman of National Technology Mission 20. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. I B.Tech. I Mid Examinations, November – 2009 Page 37 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI I. Choose the correct alternative: 1. Who is the author of ‘Journey in Ladakh’? [ ] (a) Andrew Harvey (b) William Harvey (c) Andrew Hilton (d) William Hilton 2. Who is the son of the last king of Ladakh? [ ] (a) Norberg-Hodge (b) Tsewang Dorje (c) Choegyal Jigmed (d) Mao Zedong 3. What is the prestigious examination that Raman intended to take up? [ ] (a) FCS (b) ICS (c) IAAS (d) IACS 4. Where did Nirenberg study his Bachelor of Science degree? [ ] (a) the University of Cambridge (b) the University of Florida (c) the University of Wisconsin (d) the University of Liverpool 5. The then Indian Prime Minister Mr. Rajiv Gandhi made Sam Pitroda his Chief Scientific Advisor and requested him to start a new public-sector venture called ____________. [ ] (a) Centre for the Development of Telecoms (b) Centre for the Development of Telephones (c) Centre for the Development of Telematics (d) Centre for the Development of Polemics 6. Pico Iyer’s account of Ladakh is based on _____________. [ ] (a) his reading about Ladakh in books (b) his visit to the place. (c) what others have told him about Ladakh. (d) his fascination for the place. 7. The three books that Raman could pick to mould his mental and spiritual outlook and determine his chosen path were [ ] (b) Edwin Arnold’s Light of Asia, The Elements of Euclid, a treatise on www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH classical geometry and The Sensations of Tone by Helmholtz. 8. Raman discovered that water molecules could scatter light just like air molecules, during his voyage across ________ . [ ] (a) The Pacific Ocean (b) The Arabian Sea (c) The Mediterranean Sea (d) The Bay of Bengal 9. Khorana shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with ______ and ______ [ ] (a) Marshall W. Nirenberg & Robert W. Holley (b) Marshall W. Nirenberg & Prof. A.R. Todd (c) Dr. Jack Campbell & Robert W. Holley (d) Robert W. Holley & Prof. A.R. Todd 10. As a result of RAX how many exchanges and telephone lines were installed in India? [ ] (a) 40,000 exchanges & 20 million telephone lines II. Fill in the blanks: 11. Ladakh is the capital of _________. 12. A village agricultural taxation clerk in the British Indian system of government is called ______. 13. According to Sam Pitroda Indians are highly talented in _________. 14. ________ and _______ are the parents of C.V. Raman. 15. _________ is the author of ‘Light of Asia’. 16. Pico Iyer found _____ and _______ animals in the Nubra valley. 17. ________ is a treatise on classical geometry. 18. _________ taught Raman English at Presidency College in B.A. Course. 19. Sam Pitroda founded World Tel-a global organization in the year ______. 20. When Khorana was studying in D.A.V High school, he was influenced greatly by his teacher _____ Page 38 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI Answers: 11. Leh 12. Patwari 13. Mathematics 14. R. Chandra Sekhara Iyer & Parvathi Ammal 15. Edwin Arnold 16. Marmots & Kiang or wild asses 17. The Elements of Euclid 18. Prof. E.H.Elliot 19. 1995 20. Ratan lal I B.Tech. II Mid Examinations, February – 2012 ENGLISH I. Choose the correct alternative: 1. Miss Krishna gave the impression of a) Hyperactive and nervous b) Calm and peaceful c) Cheerful d) Submissive 2. Miss Krishna’s mother lavished all her love and tenderness towards her a) Eldest daughter b) Elder daughter c) Younger daughter d) Youngest daughter 3. In 1952, Mother Teresa opened the first _______. a) Home for the Dying b) Missionary c) Hospital d) Orphanage 4. Mother Teresa’s actual name was a) Mary b) Maria c) Catherine d) Agnes 5. The World Health Organization warned that more people would die of _________than of tsunami. a) Epidemics b) Displacement c) Academics d) Sorrowfulness 6. Fast disposal of _________ thus received our topmost priority. a) Stale food b) Cattle c) Carcasses d) Sea water 7. The Noble Laureate Amartya Kumar Sen was born in _______. a) Delhi b) U.P. c) Bengal d) Chennai 8. Amartya Sen is known in India as www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH a) The Mother Teresa of Economics b) Creator of Economics c) Forefather of Economics d) An inventor of Economics 9. Bubbling Well Road is written by a) Nergis Dalal b) Rudyard Kipling c) John Kipling d) Rosmary Kipling 10. Martin Luther King delivered a speech on ______ in Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. a) August 28th 1963 b) August 10th 1965 c) September 1936 d) December 1960 II Fill in the Blanks 11. She has been teaching (teach) English for twenty years. (with suitable verb) 12. My friend was watching (watch) TV when I went to his home. (with suitable verb) 13. I have typed (type) six pages so far. (with suitable verb) 14. She had just finished (finish) cooking before the visitors came. (with suitable verb) 15. If I had wings I would (fly). (with suitable verb) 16. It has been raining for 12 hours. (with appropriate preposition) 17. I hope there is no quarrel between you and me. (with appropriate preposition) 18. In our home, we start our dinner with soup. (with appropriate preposition) 19. This is an historic occasion. (with appropriate article) 20. He reads the Bible every day. (with appropriate article) I B.Tech. II Mid Examinations, March – 2011 I. Choose the correct alternative: Page 39 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI 1. Miss Krishna had a __________ appearance, which her clothes did nothing to diminish. [ ] (a) nervous, slightly frenetic (b) serene, slightly frantic (c) composed, slightly frenzied (d) tranquil, slightly feverish 2. After tsunami ______ people were fed in the ____ community kitchens across the district for over a month. [ ] (a) 7,085 people in 23 community kitchens (b) 8,085 in 26 community kitchens (c) 6,085 people in 24 community kitchens (d) 5,085 people in 28 community kitchens 3. When the writer Rudyard Kipling said aloud, “Where has the little beast gone to?” from where did he get the voice repeating his words? [ ] (a) from the deep jungle (b) from the gosain’s hut (c) from under his feet (d) from the hills around 4. The phrase ‘solid rock’ in the speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther, refers to [ ] (a) the Democratic party (b) the Church (c) brotherhood (d) the Bill of Rights 5. Why did Miss Krishna say to the writer, “I know I shouldn’t come in the morning.”? [ ] (a) because she shouldn’t be disturbing her when she (writer) was writing. 6. Amartya Sen’s formal education began in [ ] (a) St. Gregory School, Lhasa. (b) St. Peter’s School, Johannesberg. (c) St . Gregory School, Dhaka. (d) St. George’s School, Calcutta 7. The writer had to force his way into the jungle grass and in twenty minutes he was as completely lost as though he had been in the heart of __________. [ ] www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH (a) Middle Africa (b) Arabian Forest (c) Central Australia (d) Central Africa 8. One of the reasons for the Cuddalore’s backwardness is its __________. [ ] (a) being a coastal district. (b) being struck regularly by natural disasters. (c) being a part of Tamilnadu. (d) illiterate people 9. To enter jungle grass is always an unwise proceeding but the writer went (d) partly because he knew nothing of pig hunting and partly because the villagers said that the big boar owned foot long tushes. 10. Amartya Sen arrived at Calcutta to study at _________. [ ] (a) Presidency College (b) Trinity College (c) St. Peter’s College (d) St. George’s College II Fill in the blanks 11. In Calcutta, Amartya was appointed to a chair in Economics at the newly created Jadhavpur University where he was asked to set up a new Department of Economics. 12. Most of the relief camps that were opened up almost immediately were housed in the wedding halls of the Cuddalore district. 13. Amartya Sen was greatly influenced by the cultural diversity in the world, which was well reflected in the curriculum of Shantinikethan. 14. Miss Krishna opened her handbag and took out a tiny, exquisite coffee cup and saucer and said, “This is my panacea for all ills”. 15. The speech “I Have a Dream” was given in the year 1963. 16. ‘Hyperactive, with a lot of nervous energy’ is the meaning of frenetic. Page 40 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI 17. The memory of the Bengal famine of 1943 in which two to three million people had died was ever fresh in his memory. 18. In the heart of the patch of the plumed jungle grass hides the gosain of Bubbling well Road. 19. The tsunami had struck on a Sunday morning. 20. ‘Not serious or sensible’ is the meaning of frivolous. I B.Tech. II Mid Examinations, March – 2010 ENGLISH I. Choose the correct alternative: 1. When the writer Rudyard Kipling said aloud, “Where has the little beast gone to?” from where did he get the voice repeating his words? [ ] (a) from the deep jungle (b) from the gosain’s hut (c) from under his feet (d) from the hills around 2. The writer went into the patch of the wild grass _________. [ ] (a) to explore it (b) to look for the priest (c) to search for his dog (d) hunt pigs 3. Vatican gave Mother Teresa permission on _________ to start the diocesan congregation that would become the Missionariesof Charity. [ ] (a) November 9, 1950 (b) October 7, 1950 (c) November 9, 1952 (d) October 7, 1952 4. The phrase ‘solid rock’ in the speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther, refers to [ ] (a) the Democratic party (b) the Church (c) brotherhood (d) the Bill of Rights www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH 5. When did Mother Teresa arrive in India? [ ] (a) 1929 (b) 1939 (c) 1949 (d) 1919 6. During Amartya’s younger years of study he tried seriously at subjects like [] (a) Economics, Mathematics and Physics (b) Sanskrit, Economics and Physics (c) Sanskrit, Mathematics and Economics (d) Sanskrit, Mathematics and Physics 7. One of the reasons for the Cuddalore’s backwardness is its __________. [ ] (a) being a coastal district. (b) being struck regularly by natural disasters. (c) being a part of Tamilnadu. (d) illiterate people 8. What did Miss Krishna have passion for? [ ] (a) geraniums (b) beautiful things (c) the writer’s works (d) ceramic bowls 9. When the writer returned from Miss Krishna’s house, what was Miss Krishna doing? [ ] (a) Miss Krishna was reading the latest manuscript of the writer. (b) Miss Krishna was reading the published script of the writer. (c) Miss Krishna was correcting the manuscript of the writer. (d) Miss Krishna was trying to locate the stamp of the writer. 10. After tsunami, the immediate requirement of rice was met by taking it from _________. [ ] (a) godowns ( b) ration shops (c) farmers (d) government Page 41 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI II Fill in the blanks: 11. ‘Active and able to move quickly and energetically’, is the meaning of spry. 12. Anu George was the IAS officer in charge of the administration of the relief and rehabilitation operations that followed the tsunami in Cuddalore. 13. Trinity College is located in Cambridge. 14. ‘Able to be easily hurt or influenced’ is the meaning of vulnerable. 15. Rabindranath Tagore is the first Indian Nobel Laureate. 16. In 1952, Mother Teresa opened the first Home for the dying in space made available by the city of Calcutta. 17. Immortal is the meaning of ‘Amartya’ in Sanskrit. 18. The heat held by the grass stems is exactly like the heat of boiler tubes. 19. Miss Krishna opened her handbag and took out a tiny, exquisite coffee cup and saucer and said, “This is my panacea for all ills”. 20. The priest showed the road to the writer in the story, ‘Bubbling Well Road”. I B.Tech. III Mid Examinations, May – 2011 I. Choose the correct alternative: 1. According to Satyajit Ray, “With the backing of money, men and materials, it is easy for Hollywood tomake a __________. (a) War and Peace (b) Pather Panchali (c) Spartacus (d) Aparajito 2. Satyajit Ray says, “______ is a luxury which we cannot yet afford in our country”. (a) film making (b) blockbusters (c) backer (d) Avant-gardism www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH 3. In the essay ‘odds Against Us’ Satyajit Ray expresses, ‘ There are roles that can only be brought to life by ___________. (a) greenhorns (b) novices (c) apprentices (d) professionals 4. The Inaugural Address “Ask Not What Your Country Can Do For You” was addressed on (a) January 21st 1964 (b) January 20th 1963 (c) January 22nd 1962 (d) January 23rd 1965 5.John F. Kennedy says in his inaugural address, “My fellow citizens of the world:ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the _______”. (a) uplift human society (b) elevate the status of man (c) freedom of man (d) freedom of soul 6. The discussion _______ for hours. (a) ran out (b) ran across (c) ran on (d) ran through 7. She is _______ after getting the job. (a) under a cloud (b) on cloud nine (c) have soft spot (d) have second thoughts 8. Choose the exact meaning of the Idiomatic expression/Phrase given below. ‘To have cold feet’ (a) to have fever (b) to be willing (c) to be reluctant (d) to make alert 9.Choose the antonym of the word ‘Indigenous’ (a) Native (b) Innovative (c) Foreign (d) Original 10.The antonym for the word ‘charming’ is (a) ugly (b) fascinating (c) appealing (d) attractive II Fill in the blanks 11. If the film did not bring back its cost, his backers would lose faith in him. Page 42 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI 12. Satyajit Ray says, “Once the casting is done, I am ready to plunge headlong into the business of shooting”. 13. In his inaugural speech John F. Kennedy says, “Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with themto oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. 14. Ravi was writing a letter, when I visited him. After writing the letter, he gave it to his servant. 15. With whom did he go to the market? 16. We visited (visit) London last summer. 17. The programme started after we had reached (reach) the theatre. had reached 18. ‘Wishing to fight or argue’ is the definition for belligerent. 19. Extempore is the one word substitute-‘A speech made without preparation.’ 20. Agoraphobia is the one word substitute for ‘Fear of open space’. Set No. 2 I B.Tech Examinations,December 2010 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. Write a letter to the Sub Inspector of police about the theft of your bicycle. [15] 2. Write about C.V. Raman's birth and college days. [15] 3. Write about Cuddalore experience of December 2004. [15] 4. Why according to Ray, Indian _lms deal more write moods and atmosphere rather than grandeur and spectacle. [15] 5. (a) Write about the early life of Hargobindh Khorana? www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH (b) Who is Nerenberg? Write about his contribution towards science? [7+8] 6. Write about the narrator's experience from the plumed jungle grass to the well. [15] 7. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets: i. The secretary (work) here since2001. ii. If wishes (be) horses, beggars would ride them iii. When I entered the class, the attendance (take, already) by the teacher. iv. They (repair) the old bridge now. (b) Write one word substitutes for the following: i. Conversation between two or more persons ii. Study of the earth iii. A game or battle where no party wins iv. A person's _rst speech. (c) Write synonyms for the following: i. Ghetto ii. Fact iii. gaze iv. appear. (d) Write the meanings of the following idiomatic expressions and use them in sentences of your own: i. to have a soft spot for somebody ii. Neck and neck iii. Come o_ with ying colors. 8. \I began to be seriously alarmed". Why did the writer of the story \The Connoisseur" begin to be alarmed? [15] Set No. 4 I B.Tech Examinations,December 2010 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks Page 43 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI 1. Give details about the early life and education of Hargobindh Khorana. [15] 2. How was the normalcy restored after tsunami in Cuddalore? [15] 3. Write a letter to the editor of a news paper about the condition of open drains in your locality. [15] 4. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets : i. The theme of the novel (reect) our culture. ii. I (see) the bus pass a few minutes ago. iii. When I saw her, she (play) chess. iv. If he runs fast, he (catch) the train. (b) Write one word substitutes for the following : i. Conventional rules of personal behaviour in society ii. Study of external form of plants iii. Fear of the closed space iv. The animals of a certain region. (c) Write synonyms for the following : i. Invective ii. Intelligent iii. Probability iv. futile. (d) Write the meanings of the following idiomatic expressions and use them in sentences of your own : i. Have second thoughts ii. to be over the moon iii. Bury the hatchet. [4+4+4+3] 5. How did the sick and orphans _nd solace in the presence of Mother Teresa? [15] 6. In the lesson \The Odds Against Us" what are the aspects of Indian _lmdom? [15] 7. What was the result of the villagers not sharing their fears about the patch of grass www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH with the writer, Rudyard Kipling before he set out to hunt wild boar? Why did they not share? [15] 8. \After all, Indians are highly talented in mathematics, and we have a large pool of software talent. Let's cash in on these". Says Pitroda - Justify the context of this quotaion. [15] Set No. 1 I B.Tech Examinations,December 2010 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. How did the writer feel about the tourist place, Ladakh? [15] 2. (a) What kind of life did Krishna lead in her childhood? (b) \At the end of two weeks, I wished I had never seen Miss Krishna". What made the writer wish she had never seen Miss. Krishna? [7+8] 3. What are some of the speci_c acts of injustice against African Americans which King cites in his speech? [15] 4. (a) A student intends to write Civil Services exam after graduation. He approaches his Professor for guidance. Build a dialogue on this situation. (b) You are under lot of stress due to exams, you consult a counselor. Build a dialogue on this situation. [8+7] 5. (a) How were the medical camps arranged by the district after tsunami in 2004? (b) Elucidate how the philanthropic agencies helped the people of Cuddalore during 2004 tsunami and how did Anu George, the district collector take care of Page 44 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI drinking water facilities for the people of Cuddalore? [15] 6. (a) Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from the brackets: i. The (roots/ routes) of success are always bitter, but the fruits are sweet. ii. The teacher tried to (illicit/ elicit) views from the students. iii. The verbal ( dual/duel) between the two lead to chaos. iv. He takes (cereals/ serials) for lunch. (b) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets: i. Harish with his left hand. (write) ii. When I met him last, he (learn) Spanish for ten months. iii. I (type) 6 letters so far. iv. Susheela (go) for a walk every morning. (c) Write one word substitutes for the following: i. Fear of animals ii. Cruel killing of a large number of people iii. Initiate others to cause amusement iv. One who cures eye diseases. (d) Write ANTONYMS for the following: i. Exclude ii. Quickly iii. Frustration. [4+4+4+3] 7. How does Pitroda want to modernize India? [15] 8. How did Kennedy stress the change in the areas of human rights, unity of Americans and international relations in his speech? [15] Set No. 3 I B.Tech Examinations,December 2010 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH 1. Write a report on the industrial tour undertaken by your college. [15] 2. (a) Describe how Amartya submitted his report on his research for a competitive prize fellowship at Trinity College? (b) Discuss how Amartya rendered his services at Delhi School of Economics? [8+7] 3. Describe Sam Pitroda's accomplishments. [15] 4. How did the writer discover that Ladakh had contact with other parts of the world? [15] 5. What steps were to be taken to overcome racial inequality in America by civil rights activists in 1963 as suggested by Martin Luther King Jr? [15] 6. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets: i. Last evening at 8 O' clock, I . (study) ii. She fell down, while she (cross) the road. iii. Our visitors yesterday. (arrive) iv. The dish (taste) delicious. (b) Write one word substitutes for the following: i. Fear of dead bodies ii. A building where dead bodies are kept before burial iii. Belief that there are many Gods iv. One who pretends to be what he is not. (c) Write ANTONYMS for the following: i. Adversary ii. Barren iii. Satisfaction iv. Immense. (d) Write the meanings of the following idiomatic expressions and use them in sentences of your own: i. to be over the moon ii. Cast pearls before swine Page 45 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI iii. Bag and baggage. [4+4+4+3] 7. What were the divine qualities manifested in Mother Teresa? [15] 8. How did the speech of Kennedy motivate the American public to pick up the setdown torch of the previous generation and bear the burden of giving back to their nation? [15] Set No. 2 I B.Tech Examinations,May 2011 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. \The dark blue of the deep sea has nothing to do with the colour of water but is simply the blue of the sky seen in reection". Explain the statement through Raman's scienti_c achievements. [15] 2. How was the disaster management dealt by Anu George? [15] 3. (a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word choosing from the bracket: i. Would you like a seat by the (aisle/isle) or would you prefer to be by the window. ii. Why you are in such a (foul/fowl) temper this morning. iii. They pulled out of the deal at the last minute leaving us (hi/high) and dry. iv. There will be new (curbs / kerbs) on drink-driving from next week. (b) Correct the following sentences: i. I and Shashi went to the exhibition. ii. I shall inform you when my sister will come here. iii. He is younger than me. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH iv. The population of Chennai is greater than Hyderabad. (c) Write one word substitutes for the following: i. Fear of heights ii. Rule by privileged class iii. Study of coins iv. A speech made without preparation. (d) Write ANTONYMS for the following: i. Ghetto ii. background iii. success iv. strict. [15] 4. (a) How did Iyer describe undeveloped \Paradise" and what were the facilities available at hotels in Leh for the tourists ? 1 Code No: 09A1HS01 R09 Set No. 2 (b) What was Namgyal's opinion regarding the people of Leh and describe the Tse-Chu festival. [8+7] 5. In the lesson \The Odds Against Us" what are the aspects of Indian _lmdom? [15] 6. Give an account of the Luther King's aim in saying that \We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline". We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence? [15] 7. (a) How do we come to know that Miss Krishna is a kleptomaniac of good taste? (b) \Miss Krishna was an irritating guest". How did she irritate the writer?[7+8] 8. The District Collector, Kurnool, is concerned about the rapid increase in the Page 46 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI number of road accidents in the district. The Chairman, Muncipal Corporation, Kurnool, has been asked to submit a report investigating the causes and suggesting measures to improve the situation. [15] PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS Set No. 4 I B.Tech Examinations,May 2011 Answer any FIVE Questions 1. Enumerate Sir C. V. Raman's scienti_c achievements from 1888 to 1970. [15] 2. How was the gargantuan task of relief operations carried out in 2004 in Cuddalore? [15] 3. \Some _ne summer day, however, if the wind is favourable, _les of old newspapers and a box of matches will make clear the mystery of Bubbling Well Road". What was the mystery of the bubbling well road according to Rudyard Kipling? [15] 4. According to Ray what is wrong with Indian Films? [15] 5. What were the roles played by Rathan Lal, Mr. Mahan Singh, Roger J. S. Beer, Sir Alexander Tood, and Dr. Gordon. M. Shrum in Khorana's life? [15] 6. (a) A student intends to write Civil Services exam after graduation. He approaches his Professor for guidance. Build a dialogue on this situation. (b) You are under lot of stress due to exams, you consult a counselor. Build a dialogue on this situation. [8+7] 7. Enumerate the signi_cant incidents in Teresa's life? [15] www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH 8. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets. i. If I sell this car, I a Santro. (buy) ii. I all the plays of Shakespeare.(read) iii. The Joint Director (work) here since 2001. iv. The Manager (speak) to me before he left for England. (b) Write one word substitutes for the following. i. Able to live both on land and in water ii. Study of human mind and behavior iii. Belief that there is God in all things iv. Killing a man (c) Write synonyms for the following. i. Forebear ii. Proclaim iii. Astonishment iv. Texture (d) Write the meanings of the following idiomatic expressions and use them in sentences of your own i. Kick the bucket ii. the best of both worlds iii. Cut both ways iv. A stumbling block [15] Set No. 1 I B.Tech Examinations,May 2011 Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75 All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable articles/ prepositions: i. The children visited sacred place. ii. Finding myself short money, I wrote my uncle help. iii. You must apologise him the wrong you have done. iv. This is historic occasion. (b) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets: i. I about him before I went to England. (hear) Page 47 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI ii. He (play) the whole day and now he is tired. iii. My sister never (drink ) tea. iv. If he runs fast, he (catch) the train. (c) Write one word substitutes for the following: i. Rule by rich people ii. Belief that there is god iii. Fear of strangers/ foreigners iv. One who loves mankind. (d) Write ANTONYMS for the following: i. Acquit ii. Active iii. backgroundiv. Harsh. [15] 2. Write about Sam Pitroda's life from 1942 to 1995. [15] 3. What is the Miss Krishna's opinion of her mother? Had she built any negative thoughts about her mother? Describe the early life of Miss Krishna. [15] 4. \The inaugural address of Kennedy is widely considered to be among the best presidential inauguration speeches in American history" - Justify. [15] 5. (a) How do Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet connect Ladakh? (b) Elucidate about motorable pass and the guiding principle at high altitude according to the author? What animals and trees did the writer _nd in the Nubra valley? [7+8] 6. You are a recent graduate of Engineering. Apply for the post of Software Engineer-ing advertised by TCS in the Times of India dated 25-052007. Draft a Resume along with a covering letter to the Human Resource Manager. [15] 7. Explain the meaning of the lines \...let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH children black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics - will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: `Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" [15] 8. Explicate the human touch during the operations of Cuddalore in December 2004?[15] Set No. 3 I B.Tech Examinations,May 2011 Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions 1. Discuss the pleasures of living in a village as against a city. [15] 2. Describe Raman's life from 1917 to 1970. [15] 3. How did Cuddalore face the intense havoc of tsunami 2004 and how was the normally restored? [15] 4. (a) Enumerate the animals and trees in the Nubra Valley and also the landscape of the Nubra Valley and Diskit Gompa. (b) Write about \Gompa" and \Shangri - La". [8+7] 5. \She put the cup and saucer back into the bag and I noticed there was not even a bulge" - Why did the writer particularly mention there was not even a bulge? What do you know about the character of Miss Krishna? [15] 6. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable articles/ prepositions: i. Our college starts 10 o'clock the morning. ii. He always travels train. iii. We are awaiting result. iv. This is unfortunate incident. (b) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets: i. The train (leave) the platform an hour ago. Page 48 RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI ii. He felt that he by the shop-keeper. (cheat) iii. I my work before you came. (do) iv. Last year, Harsha (learn) Spanish for 3 years. (c) Write one word substitutes for the following: i. Get something back ii. Lie and wait to make a surprise attack iii. Living by eating both vegetables and esh iv. One who knows many languages. (d) Write ANTONYMS for the following: i. possible ii. clockwise iii. Bless iv. Bend. [15] 7. How should a director be directed in showing a story for a _lm? [15] 8. Write about Rudyard Kipling's mood in Bubbling Well Road? [15] Set No. 2 I B.Tech Regular Examinations,June 2010 Answer any FIVE Questions 1. Write a letter to a publishing house ordering books you want. [15] 2. Describe the journey of Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu from 1910 to 1946. [15] 3. What are the di_erent environs and surroundings of Heaven's Gate? [15] 4. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable form of the verb given in brackets. i. Harish with his left hand. (write) ii. I a letter from my brother yesterday. (receive) iii. When I reached the meeting hall the president (already start) his lecture. www.rajaraop.wordpress.com I BTECH-ENGLISH iv. If Ravi (play) sensibly, we would have won the match. (b) Write one word substitutes for the following. i. Approved by all ii. Study of human races iii. Doubting the existing ideas iv. A speech made to oneself (c) Write synonyms for the following i. Elegant ii. Vanity iii. Abate iv. Tyranny (d) Write the meanings of the following idiomatic expressions and use them in sentences of your own. i. Between the devil and the deep sea ii. Beat about the bush iii. Bring to book iv. Back to square one [15] 5. What does Satyajit Ray say about the budget of Indian _lms? [15] 6. How did Amartya relate philosophy with economics and how did it help in research? [15] 7. What inference was King making about the progress of African Americans to enter the mainstream of American life in the one hundred years which followed the end of slavery? [15] 8. How does Pitroda want to modernize India? [15] Page 49