Is Breathing Safe?

Jurnal Respirasi

Vape fans claim that vaping is the solution of smoking cessation, but this is still debatable. Even if vape is still considered new, numerous studies show vaping is associated with lung injury (EVALI). Despite this, the trend of vaping is still increasing. This study aims to review current understanding of conventional smoking and vaping and comparing both. Is vaping safer than smoking? Smoking has health risk for lung cancer, COPD, stroke, and others meanwhile vaping has been linked with lung injury (EVALI). Local perfusions were decreased in tobacco smokers after exposure. However, perfusion increased in vaping after exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage in vape users showed increase of vitamin E acetate possibly causing impairment in lung structure and functionality of surfactant. This is the potential mechanism of EVALI in vape users. Smoking uses the Brinkman Index to determine severity of smoking but there’s no index for vaping because it depends not on how many sticks but how m...

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

Introduction: Very little is known about the immediate physiological implications of vaping or inhaling secondhand vapor. This study used a quantitative approach to understand the short-term physiological implications of vape use and exposure to secondhand vapor for people who do not vape. Material and methods: One hundred and forty-eight people participated in the study, 75 self-identified as non-vapers and 73 self-identified as people who vape. All participants were over the age of 18. Participants used or were exposed to non-flavored e-juice without nicotine in Sorin ® vape devices. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood oxygenation, blood glucose and pulmonary function tests were assessed. Physiological parameters were assessed prior to vape use or exposure to vapor and again after 20 minutes of vaping. Results: Findings indicated there were no significant changes in most health parameters except blood pressure which was reduced in both groups. Heart rate was also significantly reduced for vaping participants. Conclusion: Vaping without flavorings or nicotine do not appear to have an immediate negative health impact on vital signs. The physiological effects of long-term exposure and/or vape use requires additional investigation. Information was established regarding the physiological effects of non-flavored, non-nicotine vaping so future studies can compare the effects of vaping with assorted flavors and nicotine concentrations to the effects of vaping only the base ingredients (vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol). New knowledge was gleaned relating to exposure to vapor, a phenomenon not previously examined but common especially among non-vaping people who attend social events where people are vaping.

Cancers

Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing r...

Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research

Introduction: Vaping continues to rapidly expand as an alternative to cigarette use and a novel tobacco-free inhalation device. The electronic devices are filled with e-juice which is heated, vaporized, and inhaled. There are a plethora of flavors and nicotine concentrations that can be added to the vegetable glycerin, and propylene glycol base liquid found in e-juice. Methods: 279 participants were divided into four groups varied according to type of e-juice. Two groups were given e-cigarettes to use, one group had no flavoring or nicotine added to the e-juice, the other group had mint flavoring and 5% nicotine added to the e-juice. The third and fourth groups were exposed to the vapor of the aforementioned types of e-juice. Participants vaped or were exposed to vapor for 20 minutes. A set of vital signs were obtained before and after the vaping sessions. Results: People vaping with mint-flavored e-juice with 5% nicotine have significant reductions in their oxygen saturation, but s...

Respirology, 2020

Current Challenges in Thoracic Surgery, 2020

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, also known as vaping, has gained popularity among young adults. It has been promoted as a safer alternative to conventional cigarette smoking. Recent reports, however, have linked e-cigarette use to lung dysfunction. We report a series of four patients who were recently treated within our hospital system for vaping associated lung illness (VALI). All four were young, healthy individuals with no significant past medical histories. Lung biopsies were performed on three of these patients and the results are reviewed in the article. All patients were treated with high dose steroids once cultures were finalized and no infectious etiology was detected. Recovery of lung function was seen after treatment in all cases.

Case Reports in Pulmonology

Acute and subacute injury to the lung parenchyma can be caused by multiple products. Over the past few years, vaping (also known as E-cigarettes) has become a popular trend and has been considered “safer” alternative to smoking cigarettes, especially among young adults. The use of E-cigarettes has rapidly increased, and according to the most recent report by CDC released at the end of December 2019, 2,506 cases and more than 54 associated deaths due to vaping/E-cigarette-associated lung injury were reported. Though vitamin E acetate and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been found in most of the bronchoalveolar lavage samples, there are still small numbers of cases that have not reported to using THC-containing compounds. Research looking into other possible constituents in E-cigarettes that can account for the etiology of disease and effects of vaping as it relates to pulmonary physiology still remains limited and uncertain. We hereby present a case series of 5 patients who were admi...

OBJECTIVE: Vaping has been marketed as a “safe” or “safer” alternative to smoking. It has become a very lucrative market and has experienced a surge of interest, especially among the younger generations. There are many who theorize that there is a health benefit in switching from smoking to vaping, and numerous studies seem to corroborated this. However, few studies have gone into any depth on the possible harmful effects that vaping can have on individuals. This paper reviews three studies that were designed to analyze the possible harmful effects of vaping. DESIGN: Case based, multi-study review of three randomized control trials. METHODS: Keyword searches performed in Scopus, TRIP Database, and PubMed to find up-to-date information and clinical trials. RESULTS: Review of three randomized control trials reveals that at present there is still not sufficient information to determine the unique harms and health risks posed by vaping. Present evidence, at best, is inconclusive.

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