A VR Environment for Assessing Dental Surgical Expertise
Matthew Dailey2009, Proceeding of the 2009 …
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Providing Objective Feedback on Skill Assessment In a Dental Surgical Training Simulator
Artificial Intelligence in …, 2009
A virtual reality simulator for teaching and evaluating dental procedures
2010
Summary Objectives: We present a dental training system with a haptic interface that allows dental students or experts to practice dental procedures in a virtual environment. The simulator is able to monitor and classify the performance of an operator into novice or expert categories. The intelligent training module allows a student to simultaneously and proactively follow the correct dental procedures demonstrated by an intelligent tutor.
A Scoring System for Assessing Learning Progression of Dental Students' Clinical Skills Using Haptic Virtual Workstations
Journal of dental education, 2018
The aim of this study was to develop and test a scoring system to assess the learning progression of novice dental students using haptic virtual workstations. For the study, 101 first-year dental students at a UK dental school conducted one practice task (task 1) and four simulated cavity removal tasks (tasks 2-5) of increasing difficulty over two laboratory sessions in 2015. Performance data on the students' attempts were recorded as haptic technology-enhanced learning (hapTEL) log-files showing the percentage of caries, healthy tissue, and pulp removed. On-screen results were photographed and submitted by the students to the tutors. A scoring system named the Accuracy of Caries Excavation (ACE) score was devised to score these results and achieve an even distribution of scores and a calculated combined score. A total of 127 individual logged attempts by 80% of the students over sessions 1 and 2 were recorded and submitted to the tutors. The mean ACE scores for both sessions fo...
Intelligent dental training simulator with objective skill assessment and feedback
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2011
Objective: We present a dental training simulator that provides a virtual reality (VR) environment with haptic feedback for dental students to practice dental surgical skills in the context of a crown preparation procedure. The simulator addresses challenges in traditional training such as the subjective nature of surgical skill assessment and the limited availability of expert supervision. Methods and materials: We identified important features for characterizing the quality of a procedure based on interviews with experienced dentists. The features are patterns combining tool position, tool orientation, and applied force. The simulator monitors these features during the procedure, objectively assesses the quality of the performed procedure using hidden Markov models (HMMs), and provides objective feedback on the user's performance in each stage of the procedure. We recruited five dental students and five experienced dentists to evaluate the accuracy of our skill assessment method and the quality of the system's generated feedback. Results: The experimental results show that HMMs with selected features can correctly classify all test sequences into novice and expert categories. The evaluation also indicates a high acceptance rate from experts for the system's generated feedback. Conclusion: In this work, we introduce our VR dental training simulator and describe a mechanism for providing objective skill assessment and feedback. The HMM is demonstrated as an effective tool for classifying a particular operator as novice-level or expert-level. The simulator can generate tutoring feedback with quality comparable to the feedback provided by human tutors.
Development of a Dental Skills Training Simulator Using Virtual Realityand Haptic Device
NECTEC Technical …, 2008
The traditional approach to dental skills training has drawbacks in terms of cost, availability, and lack of real-world cases. We develop a virtual reality (VR) dental training system utilizing a haptic (force feedback) device. We generate three-dimensional surface model of the teeth from patient's data and a realistic model of a dental handpiece with a cylindrical cutting burr. Collision detection between virtual teeth and a tool is realized by the Axis Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) algorithm. We extend the force computation algorithm for a spherical tool to work with a cylindrical tool. Tooth cutting for preparation process is simulated using a surface displacement technique. The realism of the prototype is acceptable and the stability requirements are satisfied by maintaining a haptic update rate at 1 KHz and graphics rate at a minimum of 30 Hz on a moderate PC. A feasibility study of our system has been conducted with dental students and experts from Thammasat University. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first feasibility study of VR dental cutting simulator for skills training. Based on the feedback we obtained, our simulator is found to be very useful and promising as supplemental training.
Impact of the Haptic Virtual Reality Simulator on Dental Students’ Psychomotor Skills in Preclinical Operative Dentistry
Clinics and Practice
One of the current trends in dental education is to empower dental students on a global platform using advanced technology. Haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) is a relatively new technology in the field of teaching and learning operative dentistry. This study aims to assess the impact of haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) on dental students’ psychomotor skills acquisition in preclinical operative dentistry. Class I cavity preparations (CP) were performed at baseline by 21 novice dental students on plastic teeth. Duration of CP was recorded and cavity features were evaluated and scored. Then, students were exposed to HVRS training on CP. Another Class I CP was performed by each student on plastic teeth after HVRS training, then evaluated, and the duration was recorded. There was a statistically significant decrease in CP performance time after HVRS training (p < 0.001) and an increase in the mean total marks of CP after HVRS training (p < 0.001). The change in the s...
Inexpensive Dentistry Training Using Virtual Reality Tools
INTED2016 Proceedings, 2016
Dental medicine involves complicated and precise operations which require a long-term training and practice. The paper describes some of the procedures that are assessed in the framework of the VIR-PRO Romanian research project in order to increase the preparation and competitiveness of dental students, doctors in training and dental technicians by using dedicated Virtual Reality tools. The VIR-PRO project has three main components: a Virtual Learning Environment for dentistry represented by a web/cloud based tutoring platform, a Virtual Reality laboratory training phase and finally a physical training phase using 3D printed synthetic models. The second component implies the creation of a virtual 3D training environment containing the oral cavity with teeth and gums, associated with navigation and dental tools. The standard human-computer interface for dental training is using haptic tools to capture hands movements and stereoscopic devices to represent the environment. We are proposing in this paper a simpler and less expensive interface to be used before the classical one or as an alternative to it. It contains simpler hardware sensor devices without haptic feedback, like the Leap Motion controller, and 3D monitors or TV sets to show the environment. The feedback includes visual modifications and sound effects when medical procedures are performed in the oral cavity, without the tactile feedback. The development of Virtual Reality methods and technologies will lower drastically the costs of the educational process and will increase its quality because of the extended number of situations and complexity levels a student has to face before the invasive treatments on patients. There can be designed simpler and extremely inexpensive tools to be used at home and to precede/assist/replace the training in a Virtual Reality Laboratory, extending further the advantages of this type of training.
Haptic Virtual Reality for Skill Acquisition in Endodontics
Journal of Endodontics, 2010
Introduction: Haptic virtual reality (VR) has revolutionized the skill acquisition in dentistry. The strength of the haptic VR system is that it can automatically record the outcome and associated kinematic data on how each step of the task is performed, which are not available in the conventional skill training environments. The aim of this study was to assess skill acquisition in endodontics and to identify process and outcome variables for the quantification of proficiency. Methods: Twenty novices engaged in the experimental study that involved practicing the access opening task with the haptic VR system. Process (speed, force utilization, and bimanual coordination) and outcome variables were determined for assessing skill performance. These values were compared before and after training. Results: Significant improvements were observed through training in all variables. A unique force used pattern and bimanual coordination were observed in each step of the access opening in the posttraining session. The novices also performed the tasks considerably faster with greater outcome within the first two to three training sessions. Conclusions: The study objectively showed that the novices could learn to perform access opening tasks faster and with more consistency, better bimanual dexterity, and better force utilization. The variables examined showed great promise as objective indicators of proficiency and skill acquisition in haptic VR.
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