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2013, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry
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6 pages
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""ERDOĞU, B. , I. T. UYSAL, O. ÖZBEK, Ü. ULUSOY, 2013, Speleothems of Çatalhöyük, Turkey, Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry: An International Journal, Volume 13, No.1 1Trakya University, Department of Archaeology, EDIRNE, TURKEY 2 The Queensland Geothermal Energy Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA 3 Çanakkale (18th March) University, Department of Archaeology, TURKEY 4 Hacettepe University, Department of Physics Engineering, ANKARA, TURKEY ABSTRACT Speleothem samples such as flowstone, stalagmite and stalactites are one of the important finds at Çatalhöyük, which they have been carried hundreds of kilometers from its source. The “Çatalhöyük Speleothem Project” have been initiated with the aim of investigating Çatalhöyük’s speleothems and identifying their provenance. In order to achieve this, speleothem samples at Çatalhöyük have been recognized and documented, and caves around Çatalhöyük have been investigated. Later, both selected Çatalhöyük speleothem and cave samples of flowstone, stalagmite and stalactites have been analysed by ICP-MS to recognize similar trace elements. In addition, the ages of samples have been obtained by U-Th method to find similarities between the Çatalhöyük samples and speleothem deposits from surrounding caves. The comparative results have been used to identify the sources of Çatalhöyük’s speleothems.""
Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry
ABSTRACT Speleothem samples such as flowstone, stalagmite and stalactites are one of the important finds at Çatalhöyük, which they have been carried hundreds of kilometers from its source. The “Çatalhöyük Speleothem Project” have been initiated with the aim of investigating Çatalhöyük’s speleothems and identifying their provenance. In order to achieve this, speleothem samples at Çatalhöyük have been recognized and documented, and caves around Çatalhöyük have been investigated. Later, both selected Çatalhöyük speleothem and cave samples of flowstone, stalagmite and stalactites have been analysed by ICP-MS to recognize similar trace elements. In addition, the ages of samples have been obtained by U-Th method to find similarities between the Çatalhöyük samples and speleothem deposits from surrounding caves. The comparative results have been used to identify the sources of Çatalhöyük’s speleothems.""
Multiple climate-sensitive trace element/Ca and stable isotope (O and C) profiles derived from Dim Cave speleothems (S-SW Turkey) provide evidence of climatic changes and define a series of palaeohydrological conditions for the period ~10–90 kyr. Dim Cave speleothem Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, U/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Y/Ca ratios demonstrate similar patterns over glacial–interglacial scales, in agreement with δ 18 O and δ 13 C records. Three episodes of more positive moisture balance (71–63 kyr, 51–40 kyr, and 18–10 kyr) were observed based on Y/Ca (and to a lesser extent Zr/Ca), 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, calcite micromorphology, and growth rates. Increasing concentrations of Y, Zr (and U) and elevated 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios are attributed to enhanced levels of terrestrial input during these periods. Correlations between δ 13 C, δ 18 O and Mg/Ca during 40–18 kyr (corresponding with the lowest growth rate of ~0.8 mm/ kyr), 63–51, and 80–71 kyr (relatively low growth rates), as well as co-varying and enhanced Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and to a lesser extent Ba/Ca, ratios point to the prior calcite precipitation, wall rock interaction, and preferential dolo-mite dissolution over calcite in the host dolomitic limestone during these periods. This relationship suggests that water–rock interactions are maximised during episodes of slower drip rates of water through the karst under drier conditions. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element and yttrium (REY) patterns of the stalagmites reveal seawater signatures closely linked to the dolomitic limestone. Excluding the aragonite formation during ~80–75 kyr, which is an autogenic effect, trace element/Ca ratios appear to respond to millennial scale global cooling periods such as Heinrich events.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020
The presence of analcime minerals in volcanic rocks is a topic requiring attention during classification of rocks. In fact, when transformation from leucite to analcime is present, the original chemistry of the rock will change and this situation will cause falsification in identification of the original character of the rock. As a result, it is important to determine the origin of the analcime in rocks containing analcime. This study focuses on the investigation of the origin of analcimes occurring in alkaline volcanic rocks (tephrite, phonotephrite) of the Aktepe region, located in the northeastern part of Ankara (Central Anatolia, Turkey). These volcanic rocks consist of abundant clinopyroxene, analcime, Fe-Ti oxides, minor olivine pseudomorphs, and scarce microcrystals of feldspar. The analcime phenocrysts are typically euhedral to anhedral (nearly rounded) in shape with up to 1 cm diameter and there are no other hydrous minerals in the samples. Leucite-like crystals are rarely preserved in the cores of larger analcime crystals and twin lamellas observed in them could demonstrate this preservation. Even partially transformed leucites are rare but not impossible to find in nature because of the rapid kinetics of the transformation of leucite to analcime. Examination of microprobe and EDS spectra, corona-type texture observed around the analcime-leucite interface suggest that some leucite crystals did not transform entirely to analcime crystals and a progressive transformation of leucite into analcime occurred locally in the region. Analcime and preserved leucite-like crystal existence could also be seen from the obtained X-ray diffractograms. The fresh fracture surfaces of separated large analcime crystals have microporous texture indicating a characteristic feature of analcimes that formed by an ion-exchange process from leucite. Geochemically, calculations of gains and losses of Na and K contents from the original bulk-rock chemical composition reveal that Na content increase is counterbalanced by a decrease in K content. This could also be strongly explained by an analcimization process and/or progressive transformation of leucite into analcime. It is concluded that analcimes formed secondarily from leucite by an ion-exchange process after cooling of magma via graded infiltration of Na-bearing fluids into the Aktepe ultrapotassic alkaline volcanic rocks.
Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 2013
The existence of a metamorphic basement cut by granitoids is known in the Central Sakarya region of northwest Turkey according to the previous studies. Over this metamorphic basement, there is a Liassic unit which contains ammonite, brachiopod and some benthic foraminifers and has a sequence starting with fluvial deposits at the base and grading into coastal, subtidal and shallow marine sediment character towards the top in the vicinity of Sarıcakaya district, Eskişehir City. At different levels of this unit which is called as the "Kapıkaya Formation", the Campanian age fossils such as; Ceratolithoides aculeus (Stradner), Pervilithus varius Crux, Watznaueria barnesae (Black), Tortolithus sp., Biscutum sp. Quadrum sissinghii Perch-Nielsen, Watznaueria barnesea Black, Ellipsagelosphaera fosscincta were identified in this study. These fossil findings clearly reveal the presence of a Campanian aged unit in the region. This unit is composed of flyschoidal facies deposits and includes exotic limestone blocks of Liassic age and is overlain by Malm-Early Cretaceous limestones at the same time. The overlying of Malm-Early Cretaceous rocks to Campanian deposits is closely related to the tectonics that has been effective in the region during or post Campanian.
2017
Karlik, in the district of Urgup, is located on the left bank of the ereeaa river, a tributary of the lrma it lies between the towns of Karain and eill at 25 km SE of evehir, along the highway 767 connecting rtyol to Kayseri. The interdisciplinary study conducted by the authors in 2002, together with other colleagues of speleological associations and Italian Universities, showed that the rock-cut settlement develops on four levels, with each level dedicated to a different use. The particular geology of the area could have produced substantial variations in the structures over the years. This unpublished study is presented here with the aim of documenting what acquired in 2002, which could be of some use as a basis for possible future investigations of the area.
La Cappadoce méridionale de la Préhistoire à l'époque byzantine, 2012
Cappadocia, situated in the Central Anatolia Plateau in Turkey, is characterized by widespread volcanic rocks (lavas, ignimbrites and pyroclastic deposits) alternating with fluvio-lacustrine sediments of Miocene (around 10 million years) to Quaternary age. The evolution of the Cappadocian landscape starts with gently sloping plateaus, which are then dissected, usually along fractures of soft-unwelded ignimbrites, to form mushroom-like, cone-shaped structures known locally as 'fairy chimneys'. We present here a brief description of the stratigraphy of the Cappadocian volcanic succession and explain types of volcanic products. Different landforms created by the erosion of the volcanic rocks are also explained. Because of the favorable engineering properties of the ignimbrites, ancient populations have carved their houses, churches and even underground cities for centuries. Today, this unique cultural and morphological heritage site, classified under UNESCO World Heritage List since 1985, is one of the most visited regions of Turkey.
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009
KD3 is presently the only excavated Paleolithic site in the CAVP and preserves the only in situ Acheulian bifaces in Turkey (within archaeological levels IV-X of Figure 3). However, recent field surveys have demonstrated the presence of a number of additional Middle Paleolithic sites in the CAVP (e.g., Balkan-Atlı et al., 2008), including Körkuyu, where basalt and obsidian Levallois cores and bifaces are eroding from a paleosol that overlies a well-sorted light grey lapilli-fall deposit. As described below, samples from both archaeological sites were drawn from tephra-fall deposits and reworked tuffaceous sands, the latter extensively sampled at KD3 by 'geochemical reconnaissance' to isolate tephra that may help narrow the present ~1 million-year age range of the Acheulian strata there (~1.10-0.16 Ma). Tephrostratigraphic Methods We use electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to determine the major and minor element oxide abundance in volcanic glasses (magma quenched at eruption) and cognate phenocrysts to geochemically characterize tephra deposits. Samples obtained from proximal tephra within each of the four CAVP Quaternary volcanoes form a reference set for comparison with distal deposits of unknown source from the archaeological sites of KD3 and Körkuyu. Multivariate statistical analyses are used to distinguish among each member of the reference set and to construct a robust classificatory model for attributing distal deposits at KD3 and Körkuyu to volcanic source in the CAVP. Sample collection and preparation Reworked Tephra Zone 1 Acigöl syn-caldera (rhyolitic) correlatives and intermediate (andesite-trachyte) glasses from Kurugölkabak Tepe. Estimated age of eruption: 0.16 Ma Estimated age of deposition: 0.16 Ma Middle Paleolithic Aval: Levels I, II, II' Amont: Levels I, I' Reworked Tephra Zone 2 Dispersed basaltic glasses from ≥ 1 unknown sources. Estimated age of eruption: > 0.16 Ma Estimated age of deposition: < 1.1. Ma Middle and Lower Paleolithic Amont: Levels II and II' Aval: III and IV Reworked Tephra Zone 3 Dispersed rhyolitic glasses ('KD3 pyroxene tephra') from Hasan Dağ paleovolcano Estimated age of eruption: 6.3-0.4 Ma Estimated age of deposition: < 1.1 Ma
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
This paper presents results of the first investigation and the absolute dating of stratigraphic sequences of a prehistoric settlement site in the Bakırçay valley, Western Turkey. The geomorphological and stratigraphical investigations focus on the settlement at the Yeni Yeldeğirmentepe, a small volcanic hill within the Bakırçay flood plain. So far, this unexcavated site has been relatively dated to the Late Chalcolithic (end of the fourth millennium BCE) and the Early Bronze Age 1 (first centuries of the third millennium BCE) period based on comparisons of surface finds with those from other excavated sites along the Aegean coast of Western Anatolia. Two drilling cores were analysed for their sedimentological and archaeological features, and a chronological model based on AMS radiocarbon dating was developed. Our results show that the settlement was constructed within a dynamic fluvial environment and was occasionally flooded. Its N-S extent was at least 40 m and the thickness of the archaeological layers is up to 2.8 m. The chronological model confirms a first occupation phase or phase of human presence at Yeni Yeldeğirmentepe dating to the end of the fourth millennium BCE. The main settlement phase dates to approximately the 27th to 24th centuries BCE and is therefore some hundred years younger than previously expected. This new information on the age of the site generates new stimuli for the discussion of the position of the Bakırçay valley within the cultural and economic networks of the Early Bronze Age period in the Aegean region.
The Hallelujah Effect: Philosophical Reflections on Music, Performance Practice, and Technology, 2016
From: Babette Babich The Hallelujah Effect (London: Routledge, 2016 [2013]), 49-78.
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