Bilingual

El Tercer Mundo. Vol. 2, No. 1 (April). Pp. 3-4., 1974

I taught a Spanish course at The Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana when I was an Assistant Professor at Indiana State University-Terre Haute. The members of La Hermandad Panamericana asked me to write an essay for their publication El Tercer Mundo. The title is "Bilingualism/El bilingüismo", which appears in the April edition of their journal.

Bilingualism: Between Theory and Practice Applied Linguistics is a field of study that several linguists are currently drawn to. This area of research investigates real-life issues related to language. It aims to come up with practical solutions for these linguistic problems. In this context, this paper is an attempt to examine the complex situation of bilingualism. It first reviews the literature of this linguistic concept in terms of definitions, types, and factors. Second, this essay illustrates a relevant application of the theoretical parts. In this section, the researcher includes a study conducted on Bilingualism for Spanish-speaking families in the U.S.A. Third, it demonstrates the linguistic situation and bilingualism in Tunisia with reference to an article written in 2005. This paper concludes with some recommendations for future research on this linguistic phenomenon in the local context.

The question of who is and who is not a bilingual is more difficult to answer than it first appears. Bilingualism was long regarded as the equal mastery of two languages, a definition that still prevails in certain glossaries of linguistics. However, today's complex world requires a more exact definition and analysis of the competencies that community members require to interact with speakers of other languages. As Weir points out, it is now recognized that a bilingual or multilingual speaker uses different languages for different purposes, in different contexts, with various degrees of proficiency to communicate with other interlocutors. It seems obvious, therefore, that if we are to study the phenomenon of bilingualism, according to Mackey (1959, cited in Mackey, 2000, we are forced to consider it as something entirely relative. suggests that nativelike proficiency in both languages, referred to as true bilingualism, is rare. Therefore, as Baker (2006) points out "defining exactly who is or is not bilingual is essentially elusive and ultimately impossible" (p. 16).

This study, based on a questionnaire written in English, asks participants (with selfreports of low to very high proficiency in two languages) if they are bilingual. That answer serving as the independent variable, we then investigated whether this was linked to sociobiographical factors and to self-reported L2 proficiency. The results of the statistical analyses show participants who self-rated more proficient in their L2 were more likely to consider themselves bilingual. In addition, three sociobiographical factors were linked to self-reports of being bilingual: currently living or having recently lived in the L2 community, and not currently studying the L2.

Lingua. Vol. 66, No. 2-3. Pp. 267-272. , 1985

According to the author, this text has at least three principal objectives: (1) 'to present a general and comprehensive introduction to bilingualism (p. vii), (2) 'to separate fact from fiction about bilinguals and bilingualism' (p. viii), and (3) 'to allow bilinguals to speak about their bilingualism' (p. viii). The extent to which Grosjean (henceforth G.) accomplishes these stated purposes is a measure of the quality of the book itself. This volume is an essential primer for the study of bilingualism.

2008

and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? En tentant de définir des pistes de travail et peut-être des stratégies communes, on verra se dessiner alors une politique linguistique cherchant à concilier ces deux impératifs, qui sont loin d'être contradictoires : la nécessaire ouverture aux échanges internationaux, qui passe par le plurilinguisme, et la non moins nécessaire promotion de la langue nationale. Car pour parler d'autres langues, il faut être bien dans la sienne, et pour parler la sienne avec confiance, rien ne vaut la connaissance d'autres langues. François GRIN Ce chiffre n'est malheureusement pas fiable. Xavier NORTH Vous nous donnerez l'explication lors de votre intervention.

This paper is a study based on MOS (morpheme order studies) which has been carrying out by several researchers during the last decades. In this research, I have studied the order of morpheme-ed for past regular tense and compare it with irregular past tense for two groups of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) and Non-CLIL of 2ESO, 3ESO, 4ESO and 1BAC with L1 Spanish and L2 English. These participants were examined for their proficiencies and were divided into 4 groups of proficiencies of A1, A2, B1 and B2. The students were asked to narrate a story (Frog, where are you?) and by using UAM corpus tool (O´Donnell, 2009) based on tagging manually, regular and irregular forms of past tense were annotated. The aim of this study is to prove that CLIL participants provide less mistakes which here they are tagged as 'non_target_like_use' (NTLU) than Non-CLIL ones. In other words; CLIL instruction has benefits on learners´ general proficiency.

Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 2018

The present article deals with some facts about the investigation of bilingualism. It also studies the revealing of the forms and principles of occurrence of historical factors in the language and provides a short insight into the history and setting the problem. The attitude of an individual towards reality phenomena such as his/her way of clothing, his/her behavior, his/her way of speaking, etc. demonstrate the nation he/she represents. It is stated in the research that it is not difficult for human beings to be bilingual. Growing world can demonstrate itself by its people using two, three, or more languages. The research also touches upon the fact that there exist many kinds and degrees of bilingualism and bilingual situations. The article highlights the cultural factors and their effects in bilingualism as well. The ways of defining common and distinguishing features of expressing the interrelation factors in multi-system languages are investigated in the research too. Accordin...

Languages, 2017