Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2006
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2016
BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16(Suppl 4):A1
Purpose: To investigate the mobilizable elements associated with blaNDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from septicaemic neonates at a NICU in India, during December, 2008. An attempt was also made to understand whether there was a pattern in the temporal acquisition of blaNDM-1 within the unit. Methods: Transferability of carbapenem resistance was tested by conjugation and transformation. Plasmid types and addiction systems were analysed. The genetic background of blaNDM-1 and association with class 1 integron were evaluated by PCR mapping. RFLP was carried out to discriminate plasmids of same incompatibility group. Results: Transfer of carbapenem resistance was successful in 13/15 cases. blaNDM-1 was associated with different plasmid scaffolds (IncFII, IncL/M, IncN, IncR, IncHIB-M/FIB-M), IncF type being the prevalent one. Addiction systems ccdAB and hok/sok were associated with transferable plasmids. Genetic structures surrounding blaNDM-1 showed its association with at least a remnant of ISAba125 at its 5'-end. The spread of NDM-1 was not related to class 1 integron which possessed resistance determinants against trimethoprim (dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA5), streptomycin (aadA2, aacA4) and rifampicin (arr-3). RFLP showed that three isolates possessed the same FII/FIIs Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation plasmid; two of these three isolates were from a single neonate implying interspecies transfer of blaNDM-1. Conclusion: The predominance of FII plasmids and ISAba125 along with blaNDM-1 was noted but no specific pattern in the temporal acquisition of mobile genetic elements could be identified. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to inform the in vivo interspecies plasmid transfer event of blaNDM-1 in a neonate.
2016
Background: Diarrhea is the most common causes of mortality, accounting for 15-20% among children. It is caused by numerous microorganisms including, Shigella, Salmonella, enteropathogenic E. coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enteroclitica is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus belonging to enterobacteriaceae. It causes numerous human diseases, mostly gastroenteritis. Materials and methods: A total of 800 diarrheal children aged less than 10 years entered this study. Suspected stool samples were cultured on both conventional enteric and cold-enriched media. Conventional enteric media included MacConkey agar, Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) agar, and Salmonella-Shigella Deoxycholate (2%) agar, while for cold-enriched media PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) (PH=7.2-7.8) was used. Other enteric pathogens including Salmonella, Shigella, and enteropathogenic E. coli were also isolated. Results: Of 800 suspected stool samples, 14 Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated (1.8%). Other enteric pathogens were as follow: 18 Shigella (2.3%), 32 enteropathogenic E. coli (4%), and 13 Salmonella (1.6%). Y. enterocolitica isolates were completely sensitive (100%) to gentamycin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefixim, cefataxim, and chloramphenicol, however, they were partially resistant to tetracycline (7.1%) and cotrimoxazole-nalidixic acid (14.3%). Yersinia enterocolitica isolates were completely resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalotin, and erythromycin. Conclusion: Suspected diarrheal children should be checked for Yersinia enterocolitica using cold-enriched environment, while antibiogram studies are strongly recommended for positive isolates.
Trade and Civilisation. Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era, 2018
This chapter provides a theoretical framework for the formation of international trade and civilization during the Bronze Age after 3000 BC, while at the same time it situates the various contributions within this theoretical context. The focus is thus primarily on the emergence of the constituting elements of trade, as they remained in force throughout history, and accompanied the expansion of trade and civilization
Book chapter in Stamps, Nationalism and Political Transition Edited By Stanley D Brunn, Pages 190 B/W Illustrations Published August 8, 2022 by Routledge, ed. Stan, 2022
Postage stamps, postcards, and other forms of postal heritage are miniature communication tools and tell stories about places, routes, and times. Also for Africa they are part of material heritage (Opening statement APH papers Leiden). Abstract The Belgian Congo suddenly became an independent republic in 1960 and that was followed by four years of turmoil and by an attempt to develop a national ‘authentic’ identity afterwards. Focusing on the 1950-1971 period these major changes can be made visible on the postage stamps used in the territory, with clearly a colonial message between 1950 and 1960, visible turmoil on stamps between 1960 and 1964, and images showing the quest for authenticity and national identity between 1965 and 1971. The rapid changes are also visible in the organization of the postal services, until they virtually collapsed during the 1980s. Keywords: Stamps, postal services, Belgian Congo, D.R. Congo, Zaire
ÖZ Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son döneminde başlayan modernleşme/batılılaşma hareketleri, çeşitli alanlarda eş zamanlı yürütülmeye çalışılmıştır. Batıyı örnek alarak, atılımlar yapmaya, savaşlardan alınan yenilgilere karşı yönetimsel reformlar ile yeniden ayağa kalkmaya gayret edilmiştir. Batı kaynaklı gelişen bu çalışmalar beraberinde, "birey olma", "ulus devlet olma" ideolojilerinin de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu içerisinde oluşmaya başlamasına neden olmuştur. 20.yy başında modernleşme modernleşme süreci ve ulus devleti olma sancısı içerisinde milli değerlerin ve ulusal kimliğinin oluşturulmasında Türk Ocakları'nın etkisi oldukça büyüktür. 1912’de kurulan, 1931’da kapatılan Türk Ocakları Türkçülük ideolojini temel alarak batılı olmayı hedeflemiştir. Ulus devlet olma ideolojisini, mimari öğelerinde, plan tiplerinde sergileyen yapılar, esasında batılılaşmaya çalışan bir devletin “Türk” kökenlerini ortaya çıkarma çalışmaları olarak görmek gerekir. Bu çalışma, Türk Ocakları’nın devlet idaresindeki rolünü ortaya sererek, mimari bağlamda bir tanımlama yapmayı ve ocaklar arasından öne çıkan, Ankara ve İzmir Türk Ocakları’nın mekânsal kurgularını, mimari elemanlarında kullanılan geleneksel öğeleri incelemeyi ve ideoloji ile mekânsal kurgu arasındaki bağlantıları değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Ayer, 2016
Este artículo analiza los órganos de poder municipales que surgidos del colapso del estado republicano, tras el fracaso del golpe militar, gestionan un espacio de retaguardia en la provincia de Málaga. El soporte documental del estudio es un conjunto de sumarios, instruidos por jueces militares a los dirigentes del proceso revolucionario en los primeros meses de la guerra civil. El conocimiento de sus experiencias, procesadas en un marco cronológico amplio, revela que la gestión política desarrollada a través de los «Comités» no fue improvisada. Sus testimonios permiten una visión alternativa al discurso que sobre ellos elaboraron los vencedores.
Trazione integrale permanente con trasmissione viscosa per vettura di elevate prestazioni, 1993
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2019
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 2022
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2012
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019
Workshop "Spaces in Between in the History of (Scientific) Knowledge", Austrian Academy of Sciences, 5-6 Oktober 2023, Vienna, 2023
Cahiers de narratologie, 2018
The Wire , 2023
Biochemistry, 1988
Medicina Clínica (English Edition), 2017
AL Rafdain Engineering Journal, 2006
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2015
Jurnal Manajemen Terapan dan Keuangan, 2021
Nutrients, 2021
Neuroscience, 1997
Environnement, Ingénierie & Développement, 2006
Στο Γ. Σταμέλος & Ζ. Γαβριηλίδου (Επιμ), Επιχειρώντας τη Μεταρρύθμιση: Μεταξύ Πολιτικής (Policy) και Πολιτικών (Politics). Κείμενα αφιερωμένα στον Ομότιμο Καθηγητή του πανεπιστημίου Πελοποννήσου Δ. Κλάδη , 2016