Complementarity between science and religion
Jairo Roldán-Charriavisibility
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27 pages
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One of the factors that has contributed to the creation and progressive sharpening of the conflict between Science and Religion is the emergence of Mechanicism, a worldview based on Classical Mechanics, a theory believed to have a universal character in the explanation of all natural phenomena. Mechanicism’s basic elements are presented – a strict fragmentation between the observer and the observed, a rigorous determinism and reductionism, a non-anthropic character – and the claim is made that these elements are difficult to sustain in the light of theories such as Quantum Mechanics. The idea is then explored that in light of the decline of Mechanicism, a possibility then emerges for reconciliation between Science and Religion. Quantum phenomena are then analyzed, and Bohr’s Complementarity, that forms the basis of a coherent interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, is considered. This interpretation considers Quantum Mechanics as a complete theory. In order to study the relationship between Science and Religion, it is vital to explore the nature of each. Characteristics of both are thus examined. Starting with Science, the character of scientific observations, the process of induction, and other aspects are analyzed, as is the conclusion that Science is a holistic system of knowledge, some of whose elements are rationality, articles of faith, spiritual qualities, and faculties of the spirit. The use of language in Science is also considered. Religion is then examined, and the claim is advanced that if the object of scientific explanations has been the material universe, Religion has had as its object of explanation the spiritual dimension of the individual, of society, and, in general, of all creation. The relationship between Religion and spirituality is then analyzed, concluding that it is similar to the one that exists between Science and rationality, and maintaining that Religion is more than spirituality. The claim is made that every Religion is a structure, a complex system of knowledge about the world, and is also a system of laws, with the power to organize society. The relationship between revelation and scientific investigation is also discussed. If within Science the possibility for dialogue is opened, it is valid to ask what happens from within Religion. For a possible answer, a particular religious vision must be chosen, and this paper approaches these questions from within the vision of the Bahá’í Faith. Some principles of the Bahá’í Faith are then presented that help to find a harmonious relationship between Science and Religion and can guide exploration of this relationship, including the principle of the essential harmony between Science and Religion, the unity of creation and the character of God’s laws, and the concept of Progressive Revelation. Finally, the theme of the relationship between Science and Religion is examined on the basis of the general conception of Complementarity regarded by Bohr as an epistemological principle which has its clearest application in Quantum Mechanics, but could also be applied in other contexts with the same logical structure of quantum phenomena. It is concluded that a relationship of complementarity exists between Science and Religion.
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