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Reality or Hyper-reality? Music in Táin Bó Fraích

Táin Bó Fraích is rich in references to musical activities, and remarkably ornate instruments and their richly attired players appear in a number of episodes in the text. The sounds of strings, wind and the human voice are repeatedly deployed to produce an altered state of consciousness in the audience at key points in the narrative. Furthermore, a considerable degree of detail is provided about performer’s backgrounds, including their familial relationships with the hero and connections to the síd. While much has been written about potential wider readings of Táin Bó Fraích (Dumville 1990, Meek 1984), scholarship has largely avoided the issue of the literary and metaphorical role of music in the text and have either examined it as evidence for performance practice (O’Dwyer 2004), or have sought to explain the detailed description of the cruitire as an interpolation with a legal parallel (Ní Chatháin 2000). This paper will examine the manner in which music is deployed as a literary device in Táin Bó Fraích and the impact this has upon the narrative, discussing methodologies for examining ‘hyper-real’ depictions as performance practice and how a literary and metaphorical approach to musical activities can inform our reading of this text.

Reality or Hyper-reality? Music in Táin Bó Fraích Emma Anderson University of Edinburgh/University of Glasgow Introduction  Overview of key passages  Overview of approaches to the text  Value of close reading of musical passages Reality and Hyper-reality  Perceptions  What of reality. is ‘hyper-reality’?  Interpreting hyper-reality. Reality, Unreality and Hyperreality  Perceptions of reality.  2. What is ‘hyper-reality’? Triar cruittire co n-écosc ríg im cech n-áe (Meid ed. l.38-9) [Three crot-players with the garb of kings about each of them] Crota di ór & arccut & findruine co ndelbaib nathrach & én & mílchon di ór & arccut (l.95-6) [crota of gold and silver and white-gold, with images of serpents and birds and hounds of gold and silver on them]  Interpreting ‘hyper-reality.’ 1. Reality and Hyper-reality  Perceptions  What of reality. is ‘hyper-reality’?  Interpreting hyper-reality. Key point 1 1. 2. 3. Musicians’ status, role as status markers and social context. Literary and structural function. Rethinking classification of musical performances. Musicians’ status, role as status markers and social context  Triar cruittire co n-écosc ríg im cech n-áe (Meid ed. l.38-9) [Three crot-players with the garb of kings about each of them.]  Boind a ssídib a mmáthair a triur. Is din chéol sephainn Úaithne cruitt in Dagdai ainmnigter a triur (l.102-4) [Boand of the síd the mother of the three. It is for the music played by Úaithne, crot-player of the Dagda, that they are named.]  Co cúalatar ní, a ngolgaire for Crúachnaib ... Is de atá golgaire ban síde la áes cíuil Hérenn. (l.234-49) [They heard something then, the golgaire on Crúachu, …It is from this golgaire of the ban síde that the people of Ireland got (their)music.] Key point 2 1. 2. 3. Musicians’ status, role as status markers and social context. Literary and structural function. Rethinking classification of musical performances. Literary and structural function 1. ‘Sennat do chruittiri dún’, ol Ailill ri Fráech. ‘Sennat ém’, ol Fráech…Sennait dóib íarum conid apthatar dá fer déc dia muntir la coí & toirsi. (Meid ed.l.89-99) [ ‘Let your crotplayers perform for us’ said Ailill to Fraech. ‘Let them play’ said Fraech. They played then, and 12 men of his(Ailill’s) household died of weeping and sorrow] 2. A chornairi íarum remisium dochum in dúine. Sennait di conid abbad tricha fer di saincháemaib Ailella ar sírechtai. (l.229-31) [His corn-players then preceded him into the fort. Such was their playing that 30 of Ailill’s fairest ones died of yearning] Key point 3  Musicians’ status, role as status markers and social context.  Literary and structural function.  Rethinking classification of musical performances. Rethinking classification of musical performances  Is hé in a triar irdaircc: tri derbráthir, .i. Goltraiges & Gentraiges & Súantraiges (Meid ed. l101-2) [Here are the famous three: Three blood-brothers, that is Tear-strain, joy-strain and sleep-strain]  A chornairi íarum remisium dochum in dúine. Sennait di conid abbad tricha fer di saincháemaib Ailella ar sírechtai. (l.229-31) [His corn-players then preceded him into the fort. Such was their playing that 30 of Ailill’s fairest ones died of yearning]  Is de atá golgaire ban síde la áes cíuil Hérenn. ( l. 234-49) [It is from this golgaire of the ban síde that the people of Ireland got music] Conclusions: re-evaluating the literary musician  Re-evaluating  Hyper-reality  Musicians device. our approach to musicians. and narrative significance. as a recognisable structural Acknowledgements Emma Anderson University of Edinburgh Kindly supported by the Wolfson Postgraduate Scholarship in the Humanities [email protected] [email protected]