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Editor for the section "Neuroendocrinology" until his death has peacefully passed away on 23 January 2017 at the age of 90. Editors of Cell & Tissue Research, many friends and colleagues worldwide mourn his death. Andreas Oksche was born in Riga, Latvia, and started his career as a neuroanatomist and neuroendocrinologist at the University of Marburg under the guidance of Professors Benninghoff and Niessing. Already in his earliest work he addressed topics such as the secretory features of glia and the subcommissural organ, which were to accompany him in his future career. For his postdoctoral work Andreas Oksche joined the laboratory of Ernst and Berta Scharrer, two pioneers in neuroendocrinology and hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretion. He then moved to the University of Kiel and its Anatomy department led by Wolfgang Bargmann, who had established a center for research on hypothalamic neurosecretion since the late 1940s. Andreas Oksche's contributions made there until he left to take up an appointment at the Universiy of Giessen were essential to broaden the perception of the brain in its secretory capacities and of the neuralendocrine hybrid character of neurons. The discovery that such neuroendocrine cells could simultaneously act as photoreceptors and the elucidation of their fine structure was a culmination in the search for mechanisms underlying the regulation of the neuroendocrine networks. Like many of those who had been mentored by Wolfgang Bargmann, Andreas Oksche also took a comparative anatomical approach exploiting the benefits of this strategy for interpolating functions from common structural features across animal phyla and classes. At the Anatomy department in Giessen, which Andreas Oksche chaired for 30 years, he established a center in pineal and extraretinal photoreceptor research with international visibility and reputation. The "Giessen
Endocrinology, 2014
In 1936, Eugen Steinach and colleagues published a work that brought steroid biochemistry to the study of sexual behavior and, using synthetic androgens and estrogens, foreshadowed by an astonishing 4 decades the discovery of the central role of estrogen in the sexual behavior of male rats. We offer an English translation of that paper, accompanied by historical commentary that presents Steinach as a pioneer in reproductive neuroendocrinology. His work 1) established the interstitial cells as the main source of mammalian gonadal hormones; 2) launched the hypothesis that steroid hormones act on the brain to induce sexual behavior and that chronic gonadal transplants produce sexual reversals in physiology and behavior; 3) demonstrated the influence of sensory stimulation on testicular function; and finally 4) spearheaded the development of synthetic commercial hormones for clinical use in humans. Although its applications were controversial, Steinach's research was confirmed by many, and his concepts were applied to fields such as oncology and vascular disease. His contemporaries lauded his research, as indicated by his 7 Nobel Prize nominations. But Steinach's basic research was rarely acknowledged as the field flourished after 1950. The translation and our commentary attempt to reverse that neglect among behavioral neuroendocrinologists and clarify his central role as a founder of the neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior and reproduction.
Stellenbosch Theological Journal
The spectacular advance in neurobiology and neuroscience in general ensures that the question of the relation between the brain and the mind remains actual. The dialogue between philosopher Paul Ricoeur and neuro-biologist Jean-Pierre Changeux that took place around 1998 remains an important contribution in this regard, primarily due to the interdisciplinary character of the conversation. This article attempts an interpretation of both Ricoeur's and Changeux's positions in their dialogue using the interpretive lens provided by Quentin Meillassoux's notion of correlationism. It is argued that such an interpretation highlights the similarities between Ricoeur's and Changeux's positions that might not otherwise be apparent, and also calls for a broadening of the terms of reference of the dialogue beyond those accepted by both Ricoeur and Changeux. The article subsequently investigates what a broadening of the terms of reference of the approach to the mind-brain problem might entail in terms of Meillassoux's anti-correlationism, but rejects this approach in favour of what might be called hyper-correlationism.
From Leningrad to London: The Saga of Kulchitsky and the Legacy of the Enterochromaffin Cell, 2009
By the end of the 19th century, the subject of internal secretion and the consequences of its perturbations had been explored in considerable depth but with little clear understanding. Despite the anatomic delineation of the majority of the glands and tissues that comprised the gross endocrine system, the cellular basis and the interactions between the ‘internal glands’ and the nervous system had not been clearly delineated. Prominent early investigators in the field included Rudolf Peter Heidenhain (1834–1897), who described a novel class of clear cells (1868), Paul Langerhans (1847–1888), who identified pancreatic islets in 1869, and M.C. Ciacco (1877–1956), who coined the term ‘enterochromaffin’ (1906). Their contributions facilitated the description of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) by F. Feyrter (1938) which allowed for the understanding of a syncytial regulatory system that consisted of both endocrine and neural components. This rich developmental history often reveals the name of Kulchitsky, but little recognition has been given to his seminal contributions. Indeed the Russian, Nikolai Konstantinovich Kulchitsky (1856–1925), both due to his modest and unassuming nature and the tragic events of his life, was little recognized and has been relegated to a mere eponymous attribution. In reality, his life bears legacy to rich scientific contributions spanning a great teaching and scientific career at Kharkov University, to responsibilities as the Imperial Minister of Education for all of Russia. He identified the Kulchitsky cell, trained and mentored numerous professors of histopathology, was incarcerated by the Bolsheviks and worked in a soap factory to save his life. He and his family finally fled on a British battleship with the remnants of the Russian Royal family to England where he secured a position with Bayliss and Starling at University College, London (UCL). His mysterious demise in a lift-shaft accident on his 69th birthday tragically terminated a life of great service to science and teaching. He excelled as a histopathologist and was responsible for the early description of tonsillar and gut epithelial leucocytes as well as defining components of the Ascaris life cycle. At UCL, his contributions to the anatomic delineation of muscle nerve endings were highly regarded and widely admired. It is, however, his identification of the enterochromaffin cell in 1897 for which he is most remembered since this observation formed the basis for the subsequent delineation of the DNES and provided the cellular framework on which the discipline of gut neuroendocrinology would be established.
Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 2011
Moritz Schiff was one of the pioneers of modern experimental physiology. His involvement in the liberal movement forced him out of Germany, and, because of his adherence to proper physiological research, he had to flee Italy, his first refuge. The number and importance of his contributions are outstanding. The aim of this paper is to raise interest in his biography and to present a yet unreported field of research that is regarded as the root of functional imaging of the brain.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2009
THE DISCIPLINE OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT DEFINITIONS Neuroendocrinology Here in this well-concealed spot, almost to be covered with a thumbnail, lies the very main spring of primitive existence À vegetative, emotional, reproductive À on which with more or less success, man has come to superimpose a cortex of inhibitions.
2013
s 1 1ST NENCKI SYMPOSIUM ON: JERZY KONORSKI CONTRIBUTION TO MODERN NEUROSCIENCE NENCKI INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 19 SEPTEMBER 2013, WARSAW, POLAND ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: Ewelina Knapska, Jagoda Michalska, Małgorzata Skup, Andrzej Wróbel (Chair) University of Sydney (Australia) Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) Research Institute of Mol. Pathol. (Australia) Nencki Institute of Exptl. Biol. (Poland) Texas A&M University (USA) Parma University (Italia) University of Leicester (England) University of Bergen (Norway) SPEAKERS Bogdan Dreher Yadim Dudai Wulf Haubensak Ewelina Knapska Stephen Maren Guy Orban Rodrigo Quian Quiroga Bolek Srebro MORE INFORMATION: www.konorski2013.pl DEADLINES FOR REGISTRATION AND ABSTRACT SUBMISSION: 20 MAY 2013 © C op yr igh t 2 01 3 S OJ UZ St ud io & To m as z W er ka – Al l R igh ts R es er ve d 2 Jerzy Konorski contribution to neuroscience
The third paper by Camillo Golgi on his new method was on the olfactory bulb. This paper has never been translated into English, but is of special interest both for its pioneering description of olfactory bulb cells and for containing the first illustration by Golgi of cells stained with his new method. A translation into English is provided in this paper, together with commentaries on the significant points in his descriptions. These results are placed in the perspective of Cajal's subsequent first publication on the olfactory bulb and brief mention of the work of other early histologists. This perspective allows one to see more clearly Golgi's fundamental contributions to the olfactory bulb in particular and to the description of the neuronal architecture of the brain in general.
As a consequence of nascent technology, the 19th century witnessed a profound change in orientation to the nervous system. For example, improved microscopy in the first half of the 19th century allowed high magnification without blurring. The subsequent observation of nucleated cells led to the identification of individual brain cells. Philosophical changes in approach to the natural sciences took their lead from those applied to physical observations. The Ukrainian anatomist and histologist, Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz (1834-94) played a pivotal role in reshaping scientific and philosophical approaches to the brain, connecting cerebral localization, function and brain microstructure. Betz revolutionized methods of cell fixation and staining. Sometimes his efforts yielded enormously complicated technological improvements. Betz's greatest contribution, however, was connecting his discovery of the function of giant pyramidal neurons of the primary motor cortex ('cells of Betz') with the cortical organization. Considering cortical cytoarchitectonics in relation with physiological function, Betz recognized this organization in two areas: motor and sensory. He defined a functional area on histological grounds and thereby opened the way to study precise cortical areas. Betz participated in the scientific transformation of cytoarchitectonics based on macro-and microscopic studies of the cortical surface, enabling him to view the paths of nerve cells in the brain. Betz's influence allowed systemization of scattered scientific findings. The discovery of pyramidal cells was a turning point in the prevailing philosophical and scientific approach to the brain, linking cytoarchitecture, neurophysiology and cerebral localization.
The treatise " De structura nervorum " by Jiří Procháska was published in 1779 and is remarkable not only for its anatomical and histological findings but also for its historical introduction, which contains a detailed bibliographical review of the contemporary knowledge of the structure of the nervous tissue. Unfortunately, the treatise has never been translated from the Latin language, but it deserves further analysis as a historical document about the level of neuroscience research conducted by a famous Czech scholar. The present article includes a historical overview of the contemporary knowledge of the structure of the nervous tissue up to the late eighteenth century from the perspective of today, a translation of selected chapters from Prochaska's treatise (a historical introduction about the medieval knowledge of the structure of the nervous tissue and an interpretation of his neurohistological observations), and an analysis of Jiří Prochaska's results in light of current knowledge.
Journal of Endocrinology, 2015
The brain's unimaginably complex operations are expressed in just two types of output: muscle activity and hormone release. These are the means by which the brain acts beyond its bony casing. Muscle-mediated actions (such as speaking, writing, pupillary reflexes) send signals to the outside world that may convey thoughts, emotions or evidence of neurological disorder. The outputs of the brain as a hormone secreting gland are usually less evident. Their discovery required several paradigm shifts in our understanding of anatomy. The first occurred in 1655. Exactly 300 years later, Geoffrey Harris' monograph Neural control of the pituitary gland launched the scientific discipline that is now known as neuroendocrinology. His hypotheses have stood the test of time to a remarkable degree. A key part of his vision concerned the two-way ‘interplay between the central nervous system and endocrine glands’. Over the past 60 years, the importance of this reciprocity and the degree to wh...
International scientific journal "Internauka". Series: "Economic Sciences"
Geological Society London Memoirs
(Po)żydowskie: sztetl Opatów oczami Majera Kirszenblata, edited by Justyna Koszarska-Szulc, Natalia Romik and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Warsaw: POLIN Museum, 2024
Actes du colloque de Saragosse "L'art des sociétés préhistoriques", 2012
Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
Textual cultures, 2008
Arise, Walk Through the Land: Studies in the Archaeology and History of the land of Israel in Memory of Yizhar Hirschfeld, on the Tenth Anniversary of his Demise (Hebrew). Patrich J., Peleg-Barkat O. & Ben-Yosef A. (Ed.), 2016
BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2013
Biomédica, 2017
Arts, Linguistics, Literature and Language Research Journal, 2023
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2020
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2018