Minerals in animal and human nutrition

2005

2003

La realizacion del presente estudio analitico ha tenido como principal objetivo ampliar y mejorar los datos queactualmente vienen reflejados en las tablas de composicion de alimentos espanoles, aportando datos que, ademas depropios, corresponden a alimentos ampliamente distribuidos en el mercado espanol y son consumidos de formahabitual en nuestro pais. El analisis de los diferentes minerales se ha realizado en 28 alimentos precocinados congelados,previamente seleccionados, entre los que se incluyen pastas, pizzas, arroces y fritos de mayor consumo. Estetipo de alimentos son susceptibles de sufrir perdidas en minerales debido a los procesos de elaboracion, congelaciony pretratamiento culinario a que son sometidos antes de su consumo, por lo que es de gran interes el conocimientode su composicion mineral, dando respuesta a las exigencias de un amplio grupo de profesionales y consumidoresque requieren de esta informacion nutricional.

Data over 20 to 40 years showed historical decline in the mineral content of food and feed plant from USA and UK rising questions on the evolution of the environment quality and its implication on human and animal wellbeing. Although the "intensive varietal improvements of vegetable crops for high yield and improved nutritional quality are primary breeding objectives of various national and international programs little attention have been paid to below threshold concentrations of pollutants in soils, such as Cd, which may significantly influence the mineral concentrations in vegetable crops and pasture plants. Over the years the mineral status of pasture and feed crops were found to be insufficient for a balanced nutrition of farm animals and to support high yields of produces of animal origin. Therefore feed supplements are provided to farm animals,, however it is unclear how these practices support animal welfare and are generating a healthier food. A survey of the mineral s...

The contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were seasonally determined in the leaves of the native shrubs Á Castela erecta, Celtis pallida, Forestiera angustifolia, Lantana macropoda, and Zanthoxylum fagara Á that are browsed by the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The study was conducted at the Tamaulipan thornscrub region, northeastern Mexico, between summer 2004 and spring 2006. Leaf tissues were collected from three county sites (China, Linares, and Los Ramones). Mineral contents were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All minerals, in all plants, were significantly different among sites, seasons, and years, as well as the double and triple interactions. In general, plants at the Linares site, that had the highest rainfall, had higher trace element content. Moreover, during the second year, all plant species were higher in micromineral content. Furthermore, during summer were also higher. Regardless of spatiotemporal variations, all plants had suitable levels of Fe and Mn to satisfy the adult range of white-tailed deer requirements. The Cu and Zn presented marginal deficiency in some plants especially during dry seasons (winter and spring). Seasonal variations in minerals could be associated to soil water deficits, excessive irradiance during summer, and extreme low temperatures during winter and spring that could have affected leaf development and micromineral concentrations.

Pesquisa …, 1998

A study was conducted to verify the effect of trace mineral and vitamin supplement (MVS) withdrawal from the diet of broilers on meat mineral content. Birds received the following feed treatments: control diet with MVS from day 21 to day 42; diet without MVS from day 21 to day 42; diet without MVS from day 28 to day 42 and diet without MVS from day 35 to day 42. Mineral composition was assessed in light and dark meat from male and female birds. Calcium level was lower in meat from birds fed diet without MVS from day 21 to day 42 as compared to the other treatments. Potassium level was higher in meat from birds fed diet without MVS from day 28 to day 42 than in that from other treatments. Removal of dietary MVS did not affect the meat levels of Na, Fe, Zn and Mn. The meat from female birds showed higher contents of K and Fe than that from male birds. Dark meat was found higher in Ca, Na, Fe and Zn contents and lower in P, Mg and K levels than light meat. Index terms: light meat, dark meat, poultry nutrition. CONTEÚDO DE MINERAIS NA CARNE DE FRANGOS ALIMENTADOS COM DIETAS SEM SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE MINERAIS E VITAMINAS RESUMO -Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da retirada do suplemento de minerais e vitaminas (MVS) da dieta sobre o conteúdo de minerais na carne de frango. As aves receberam os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: dieta-controle contendo MVS de 21 a 42 dias; dieta sem MVS de 21 a 42 dias; dieta sem MVS de 28 a 42 dias; dieta sem MVS de 35 a 42 dias. A composição mineral foi analisada na carne branca e escura de machos e fêmeas. O nível de Ca foi mais baixo na carne das aves alimentadas com dietas sem MVS de 21 a 42 dias do que nas dos demais tratamentos. O conteúdo de potássio foi mais elevado na carne das aves em que o MVS foi retirado no período de 38 a 42 dias que na das aves dos demais tratamentos. A retirada do MVS não afetou os níveis de Na, Fe, Zn e Mn das carnes. As fêmeas apresentaram carne com teores mais altos de K e Fe que os machos. A carne escura dos frangos mostrou níveis mais altos de Ca, Na, Fe e Zn e mais baixos de P, Mg e K do que a carne branca. Termos para indexação: carne branca, carne escura, nutrição de frango. ___________________________

Soil Science, 1956

Onc ililliculty in dcciding tlie subjcct innttcr to IIC dcalt witli under thc title of this pnpcr is to iinswcr tlie qucst]ion, " \VIien docs i i n clement bcconic n ' trncc ' clctnctit ? " Not so many ycnrs ago, whcn onc was dependent to n large cstcnt on tn:icro-nicthods of nnnlysis, it was ciistotuary to rcturn an elcincnt ns prcsent in trncc ninounts if n rcnctiori wns obscrvcd, but the amount of prccipitntc obtnincd, tltc ciid titnition, or tlie colour clcrclopcd in n coloriiiictric cstinuition, was too siiinll to adinit of iiccnriitc cvnluation. Now, Iiowcvcr, with tlic tnodcrn rcfincincnts in micro-nnnlp ticnl tcchniquc, we arc accustouicd to cstimntc y s of an clcmcnt pcr 100 grains, or cvcn smnllcr nniouiits. It is as n result of this, couplcd with tlic use of syiitltctic foods of a high dcgrcc of purity, tlint tlic nutritionnl clicniist h 9 becii nblc to unrnvcl iiiiitiy problcttis in liuinan and ntiininl nutrition ntid to obtain clcnr proof of the fact that ccrtnin clciiicnts, which tcii or twcnty ycnrs ago would ncvcr liavc bccn tliouglit of as pliiyitig nny p i r t in nutrition, arc cssciitinl to tlic propcr functioning of tlic liumnn or iinimal body. l\'c nrc still in tlic position, Iiowcver, tlint wc f'ccl ccrtnin tlint soltic clciitcnts arc essential, but wc arc unnblc to nddiicc nbsolutc proof.

Food Industry, 2013

Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 1998

A study was conducted to veriI' the effect of trace mineral and vitamin supplement (MVS) withdrawal from the diet of broilers on meat mineral content. Birds received the following feed treatments: control diet with MVS from day 21 to day 42; diet without MVS frorn day 21 to day 42; diet without MVS from day 28 to day 42 and diet without MVS from day 35 to day 42. Mineral composition was assessed in light and dark meat from male and female birds. Calcium leveI was lower in meat from birds fed diet without MVS from day 21 to day 42 as compared to the other treatments. Potassium levei was higher in meat from birds fed diet without MVS from day 28 to day 42 than in that from other treatments. Removal ofdietary MVS did not affect the meat leveis of Na, Fe, Zn and Mn. The meat from female birds showed higher contents ofK and Fe than that from male birds. Dark meat was found higher in Ca, Na, Fe and Zn contents and lower in P, Mg and K leveis than iight meat. Index terrns: light meat, dark meat, poultry nutrition. RESUMO -Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da retirada do suplemento de minerais e vitaminas (MVS) da dieta sobre o conteúdo de minerais na carne de frango. As aves receberam os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: dieta-controle contendo MVS de 21 a 42 dias; dieta sem MVS de 21 a 42 dias; dieta sem MVS de 28 a 42 dias; dieta sem MVS de 35 a 42 dias. A composição mineral foi analisada na carne branca e escura de machos e fêmeas. O nível de Ca foi mais baixo na carne das aves alimentadas com dietas sem MVS de 21 a 42 dias do que nas dos demais tratamentos. O conteúdo dc potássio foi mais elevado na carne das aves em que o MVS foi retirado no período de 38 a 42 dias que na das aves dos demais tratamentos. A retirada do MVS não afetou os níveis de Na, Fe, Zn e Mn das carnes. As fêmeas apresentaram carne com teores mais altos de K e Fe que os machos. A carne escura dos frangos mostrou níveis mais altos de Ca, Na, Fe e Zn e mais baixos de P, Mg e K do que a carne branca. -Termos para indexação: carne branca, carne escura, nutrição de frango.

Mineral diagnosis in forage and blood serum of dairy cattle in two seasons in the Toluca Valley, Mexico RESUMEN Se analizaron los minerales Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se y Mn en forraje rye grass (Lolium perenne), en suplementos y en suero de bovinos Holstein en producción (16.6±3.6 L d -1 ); se muestrearon las praderas, alimentos, en las épocas seca (abrilmayo) y lluviosa (agosto-septiembre), y 139 hembras en doce unidades de producción, de cuatro localidades del valle de Toluca, México. Hubo diferencias (P<0.05) entre localidades y épocas, y efecto de su interacción. El Ca del forraje fue bajo en lluvias; en suero fue alto en ambas épocas. El P del forraje fue bajo en tres localidades en la época seca. La relación Ca:P en el forraje, en las cuatro localidades en lluvias fue menor de 2:1, en el suero fue mayor de 2:1. El K en forrajes y suero fue adecuado en ambas épocas. El Na fue bajo en los forrajes de dos localidades, pero en el suero fue normal. El Mg en el suero fue normal. El Cu en el suero estuvo bajo en la época seca en las cuatro localidades. El Fe del forraje fue alto en las cuatro localidades en ambas épocas; en suero fue mayor en las lluvias. El Zn fue pobre en el forraje y suero en ambas épocas. El Se fue bajo en los forrajes en ambas épocas, pero en suero estuvo normal. En conclusión, existen desequilibrios en los minerales del forraje y suplementos que pueden afectar el contenido en el suero e influir en la salud y producción de las vacas.