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  List of Abbreviations Sl No Abbreviation Definition 1 CBT Community Based Tourism 2 WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council 3 CBRT Community-based Rural Tourism 4 UNDP United Nations Development Program 5 NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Actions Plan 6 CEE Environmental Education Centre 7 FGD Focus group discussions 8 SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 9 KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 10 MS Marital Status 11 NAT Nationality 12 Df Degrees of freedom 13 SD Standard Deviation 14 RT Rural Tourism 15 AGR Annual Growth Rate 16 SED Sustainable Economic Development 17 PCA Principal Component Analysis 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS                                        ! ! "   2 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction: Community based tourism (CBT) refers to, a way of tourism that are managed and hosted by local communities, where they offer tourist to experiences their lifestyle, food, & customs. CBT in Dooars is a nature-based tourism, which emphasizes the balance between human and natural equality that includes economic growth through conservation, sustainability, and biodiversity.CBT of Dooars includes aspects of social development, poverty alleviation, cultural heritage, and conservation.Dooars means the door or gateway. Dooars was formed from the word ‘Door’ (Renni, 1866). The Dooars region is spread from the river Teesta to river Manas . The region from Teesta to Sankosh is famous as Bengal Dooars. Total 18 doors are present in Dooars, where, 6 doors are present in West Bengal and 12 doors are present in Assam. The Dooars region is divided in to two parts. As Western Dooars is Comes under Jalpaiguri district and Eastern Dooars is comes under Assam. Maximum portion of Jalpaiguri district is comes under Dooars region. On 1st January 1869, the Jalpaiguri district was established and in 1876, Alipurduar was recognized as block administrative head quarter. The total area of Bengal Dooars is 4750 sq. km. and about 1200 sq. km. is covered with forest (Ghosh, A. 2006). The Dooars is situated in the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya. Teesta, is the most voluminous river in North Bengal, courses through Dooars . Teesta demarcates the eastern Himalayan foothills into two discrete regions. The two regions are referred to as Tarai and Dooars. The western bank of the Teesta is commonly referred to as Tarai, while the eastern bank is referred as Dooars. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the Bhutanese were able to take entry to the lowlands of North Bengal and Assam via specific portals or entrances situated within the confines of Bhutan. The entire Dooars region is a sub-mountain region lying along the foot of the Bhutan hills over a length of 250 miles extending from the Jalpaiguri ,to the Goalpara District of Assam. Under the total eleven recognized Doors, five of them namely Kalikhola, Buxa, Jaigaon, Lakhimpur and Chamurchi fall in the Western Dooars. The Western part of it is a strip of land of about 180 miles in length from west to east and about 20 miles in breath from north to south. Jalpaiguri district is subdivided in two primary regions, namely: (a) the low-lying plains situated towards the western side of the Teesta river, and (b) the elevated and hilly western Dooars region located towards the eastern side. The Koch leaders formerly exercised dominion over the western Dooars region, which spanned from the Teesta river to the Assam border's Sonkosh river. Locals are generally 3 restricted to low salary jobs because of a lack of essential skills and tourism is sometimes accused of dominating foreigners over commerce. The host population feels isolated in its own communities, without significant economic benefits from new enterprises and the demolition of current groups. Community-based tourism (CBT) is proposed as a viable remedy to these concerns, as it prioritizes the community's involvement in respect of tourism. The tourist development operations of CBT entail the engagement of the indigenous community in process, including the facilitation thereof. The term "tourist connection" has gained prevalence in research planning documents pertaining to international, national, and local tourism studies, as noted by Pearce and Moscardo (1999). The emergence of community-based tourism has been attributed to this phenomenon. The tourism sector exhibits promising growth potential due to the increasing recognition of the significance of resident-friendly tourism. This refers to the greater involvement in tourism-related decision-making processes, as emphasized by Dann (1999). CBT may exemplified by sustainable tourism that prioritizes aiding the underprivileged in nearby communities. In order to relieve poverty and provide community people with an alternative source of income, CBT programmes are designed to incorporate community people in small-scale tourism operations and management. CBT exercises may promote in respect of indigenous cultures, customs and natural heritage. Several tourism-related organisations throughout the world urge for people to be the core of tourist growth in the community. In CBT, tourist development design and technology are primarily impacted by hosts (Timothy 2002). Another attractive alternative to conventional methods to tourism development is community tourism. 1.2 Background of the Study: The North Bengal and its Dooars part are surrounded by the nature and the lowlands of the Himalayas, the tea gardens, dense forest, & a cultural heritage center. Dooars is taken into account as the enriched part of community-based tourism. Under the North-Eastern parts, the North Bengal may be a very vibrant community lifestyle, including diverse culture, Customs, & food. Community-based tourism may be an efficient method to promote Dooars' tourist situation with magnificent natural beauty, North Bengal is always prove her existing as an tourist destination.“Nature has kept her doors wide open”, a serene environment, heritage sites & unique culture. In Dooars the high potentiality of community tourism -developmental. 4 But at present, potentiality of community-based tourism in the Dooars region is not very adequate. Development of CBT in the North Bengal (Dooars region) can be achieved, by following three bottom lines: a) Economic & Infrastructural Improvement. b) Socio-Cultural Improvement. c) Visitors' awareness of Dooars & rural vacations, their engagement in community activities and engagement in tourism activities. 1.3 Selection of Topic: There are several Eco-friendly vacation spots in India. North Bengal is the most intriguing of the all. Himalayan area makes up the "golden triangle of ecotourism" in India. A similar "golden triangle of eco-tourism" may be found in Bengal, which connects the Sundarbans',. North Bengal is eco-tourism hotspots that can really claim to be an all-encompassing ecotourism destination. Tourism facilities here include a wide range of den forests and animals, from the den forest, rhinoceros and the open-billed stork. When it comes to eco-tourism in North Bengal, "nature has kept her doors wide open" in Dooars. Some initiative has been taken for chances and potentials of ecotourism development in Dooars area. Last but not least, the Dooars area will benefit from appropriate rules that will help it establish its own unique character as an ecotourism destination in India and throughout the globe. North Bengal offers a wide range of tourism-related goods and services. The state government has implemented an ecotourism policy aimed at enhancing the appeal of North Bengal as a tourist spot and facilitating the adoption of community-based ecotourism (CBET) that utilizes advanced participatory management methods to achieve sustainable economic development. People, the environment, conservation, and development are all working together in harmony. When local populations participate in eco-tourism (referred to as "eco-tourism" henceforth), they become directly invested in the preservation of their culture, ecology, and environment. Rural residents will have more possibilities for earning an income thanks to this "community based ecotourism" approach. The withdrawal of goods from these regions will help reduce the country's reliance on natural resources. Furthermore, the preservation of local customs, culture, legacy, and environment will be more strongly encouraged since it will be considered as a help rather than an obstacle which effects to society. An excellent tool for conservation, economic benefit and revitalization of culture and tradition, North Bengal itself established a place for two things: it improves the society and boosts the economy. ET is becoming more popular across the globe. With eco-promises tourism's sensitivity, both the government and the tourist sector encourage it. Because of these serious issues, some lack of confidence in this approach as an answer to the world's 5 eco-challenges. Many of the advantages of CBT are overblown or based on marketing and labelling rather than real sustainability. It is very uncommon for such initiatives to be initiated, planned, and implemented without the input or approval of the surrounding people. Some Initiative has been taken to examine the potential for eco-tourism of North Bengal area and its issue, and specific solution relevant to the sustainability ecotourism in this location. 1.4 Statement of Problems: CBT has found its own niche as a useful tool for enhancing conservation, creating employment for local residents, the economic benefit of host communities and foreign exchange, revitalizing cultures and cultures while facilitating development. CBT serves two purposes; one is social development and the other is economic growth. The government and the tourism industry are advocating for the support of the public-through their needs for economic and social sensitivity. As an initiative some attempts has been made to learn the CBT in North Bengal (Dooars) and to provide a concrete solution to community-based tourism development. 1.5 Objectives: • To explore the Involvement of the community in CBT development of the study area. • To analyze and find out the scope of community development in North Bengal, Dooars through CBT Development. • To determine the value and impact of community-based tourism on the potential and sustainable development of the study area. 1.6 Hypothesis: The following Hypotheses are being formulated for the purpose of this research work: Ho1: There is no community based resources for development of Community based Tourism. Ho2: North Bengal has no Community-Based Tourism. Ho3: Tourism development is not necessary to protect, to preserve, & to restore the Natural & Cultural Sustainability of this study area. 6 1.7 Research Gap: Limitations: • Availability of less data in context of number of tourist arrivals and their duration of their stay. . • Non availability of information through Government data in context of, tourism activity. • Various difficulties to collect the data regarding tourist, tour guides • • Due to local language problem it is very difficult to conduct the home survey. • Rare books, journals are available related to Dooars region and its eco-tourism development. • Due to frequent climate changes mainly landslide, it is very difficult, to conduct survey. 1.8 Lack of research: Review From the systematic analysis it is observed that, majority of studies are concerned with and relevance of Community based tourism's societal, economic and environmental facets. Tourism analysis usually focuses on issues relating to tourism industry's social and economic impacts. In tourism studies today Community Based tourism is, of course, the greatest importance. Study has been carried out in the literature review on the utilisation and scope of of CBT. They suggest some valuable points to solve this problem. No comprehensive assessment of projects in Dooars on CBT has been modified related to the effect of CBT on this region. Research in this area has been minimal given the increasing number and global influence of eco-tourists. As a consequence, many issues in fundamental science remain unanswered. In addition, a thorough review of destinations is also not done. 1.9 Tourism & Community Based Tourism: The Tourism Minister is responsible for creating and implementing national plans for fostering and promoting tourism in local communities. The department consults and cooperates with other industry actors, includes officials from different central ministries and departments, state governments, union territories, and the private sector. Efforts to foster rural development are being made in a coordinated manner, cruising and medical tourism niche products are undertaken, as well as ecotourism. India ranked 16th out of 140 countries in the 2019 travel and tourism competitiveness report. India was the sixth most important development in the top 25 percent of countries in the 2017 survey. The study ranks Indian tourism industry 13th out of 140 countries in terms of market competitiveness. 7 India, in particular given the development phase of the country, has very good air transport infrastructure (3rd place), and a decent land and port infrastructure (ranked 28th). Natural and cultural assets and business travel are also high in the country (14th place) (ranked 8th). India is a late entry into the world tourism scene, but its tourism has been prismatic and simultaneously promotes various types of tourism. In India, some prioritization of mass tourism and eco-friendly rural vacations, as evidenced by the relatively low percentage of international visitors in 2012, which stood at 0.64 percent. The significant expansion of the tourism industry can be attributed to various factors such as the increase in personal income and changes in consumer behaviour. Additionally, government initiatives such as the streamlining of VISA procedures, tax exemptions for hotels, and the promotion of tourism through campaigns like Incredible India have also contributed to this growth. Furthermore, the automatic approval of foreign investment in the hotel and tourism-related sector has played a vital role in this development. But still much more to compete with the world. India ranks 11th in Asia-Pacific and 65th among 140 world economies in the 2013 Competitiveness Index on Travel and Tourism (World Economic Forum, 2013). The growth of the viewpoint of CBT is focused on an increased understanding of the need for resident, more inclusive involvement by grassroots representatives of a target society in the decision-making of tourism. Sustainable tourism like CBT often advocate for less-than-ideal approaches to community development. Table 1.1: Patterns of domestic, entry and exit tourism. Domestic Tourism Inbound Tourism Outbound Tourism (5.9% of Global Tourism). Projection 2023- (5.9% of Global Tourism). Projection 2023- (11.4% of Global Tourism). Projection 2023- Well Economic value & Increase income level. New products offerings. Increase income with the Indian consumers. 8 Rich natural cultural / resources & ecological diversity. Systematic tour. Valuable product offer Government initiative & policy supports. International events & Increased business travels. Easy finance available Multiple marketing & promotion. Growth of healthy activities . Increase the average GDP levels. Availability to get easy financial support. Changing Consumers lifestyles Organising and promoting varies events. Sources:weaver, D. B. (2015). Encyclopedia of Rural Tourism . New york : CAB . Table1.2: Tourism's Beneficial and Harmful Effects. Economic Impacts Physical & Environmental impacts Socio –cultural Impacts Political Impacts Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Increasing Income Resistance of Community based tourism Enhancing awareness Pollution Express experience Behaviour Developed image Chance of failure Negative uniqueness Maintaining improving Revitalizing & preserving local environment Developing global natural resources & landscape Strengthening traditions. Manipulating Community Creating international prestige Developing Transportation & communication system Land Depreciatio n Enhancing local pride Creating job Make economic structure Loss of image Creating social structure Enhancing social support False dispersal of India No responsibilit y for control 9 Opportunity cost Negative approach Negativity on Cultural Heritage Social Responsibility Changing lifestyle Production stimulates Creating employment Cost high risk Discomfort cause by noise Creating local culture Losing comfort Advantage of foreign surplus Loss of Interest in the society Traffic Jam Creating Unity Creating thoughts. Presentatio n of tourism region unsuitable Labour quality Positive understanding among tourists & local people Creating local culture Creating innovation & opportunity Focusing local culture Increasing tax number of tourist increase Increased length of stay Creating management skills Legalization s of ideologies Crime immigration Sources:weaver, D. B. (2015). Encyclopedia of Rural Tourism. Community-based tourism (CBT) initiatives aim to integrate indigenous people, alleviate food insecurity, and offer community residents with new revenue sources for the operation of small-scale tourism ventures. Programs based on cognitive behavioural therapy aid in protecting cultural and environmental landmarks. As the "centre" or "heart" of the hospitality & tourism industry, numerous worldwide organizations advocate for cultural harmony. According to CBT, hosts have a pivotal role in shaping the growth and evolution of the Hospitality & tourism industry (Timothy, 2002). CBT is another common alternative to conventional tourist approaches. It is commonly tourism based on talks and participation with the primary stakeholders in the site. Various researches have uncovered very diverse outcomes and may be traced back to tourism. Community tourism or CBT is often regarded as a choice, since it develops in the cultural, historical, ethical, geographical and natural areas. The situation and background in which CBT can be prominent varies everywhere but the most valuable point is that economic growth has been stimulated, and that questions about a 10 fair share of its benefits are raised. This led to tourist growth and local communities' engagement in cultural tourism and other remote zones. Rural village areas are the main focus for tourism growth, as the (Butler 1998) suggested, because the mysticism of rural areas, their distinctive culture, history, ethics and geographical characteristics makes rural areas a special appeal to tourists. In village, community areas with close community networks, community engagement and tourism have been difficult to ignore for community growth. In developing and developing countries the Community tourism idea played a leading role in promoting rural development (honey 2008) Group theory of tourism has a long history derived from participatory and empowering models which have evolved as a new framework for growth. Focus of community-oriented tourism is dependent on local communities' involvement in community tourism activities. However, this principle of bottom-up strategy is usually abandoned because of lack of awareness on the part of companies. Also external forces such as empowering non-governmental organisations of local groups encourage the communities involved from preparation to execution stage and the perception of their position as tourism developers has been restricted. Many rural areas are seeking to replace an earlier dependence on agriculture, mining, or forestry with alternative economic growth. Because mechanisation, resource scarcity and foreign pressures threaten conventional industries, economic planners seek new industries depends on the same resources that do not, however, face the same challenges. Tourism is also considered a choice because due to cultural, historical, racial, geographical and natural area related to growth. Rural areas provide tourists with a special appeal, due to their distinct cultural, historic, moral and geographical characteristics, the rural environment of north-eastern India. The fact that about 66% of the population in India lives in rural environments is mainly due to this fact, though the average is different in the provinces. It has been challenging to disregard the value of community participation and tourism for growth in survey areas with strong social networks. The idea of CBT is the main principles as well as efforts to stimulate rural development in both developing and developed nations. 11 CBT has a long history in its theoretical fields, which stems from the participatory models and development empowerment which measure as a new paradigm in the 1970s' development debate. Tourism always needs the Community participation, activities, in different characteristics from mass tourism. CBT professionals need to understand the principles, beliefs and materials underlying them thoroughly. CBT is not just a business traveller who seeks to increase investor revenue. Instead, the effect of tourism on villages’, people’s, and tourism resources is concerned. CBT is an initiative to improve the scope of ecological diversity in Dooars Region that uses tourism to boost local citizens' capacity to handle tourism resources through rural community groups. CBT, however, is far from a flawless, pre-packaged neighbourhood solution. Nor is it a remedy-all or a hero who comes to save the city in golden armour. In fact, if wrongly used, CBT can lead to disaster and problems. Consequently, communities eligible for CBT implementation must be cautiously chosen and adequately planned until the implementation of CBT is possible. More importantly, whether the community is outside the community's management capability or has uncontrollable negative repercussions, need to alter or cancel. Consequently, communities eligible for CBT implementation must be cautiously chosen and adequately planned until the implementation of CBT is possible. More importantly, whether the community is outside the community's management capability or has uncontrollable negative repercussions, the community should be able to alter or cancel CBT. Overall, the focus of CBT within the general tourist sector is growing to promote community growth, poverty alleviation, cultural heritage, and conservation. In a rural environment, local residents may rely heavily on their tourist industry for economic well-being and job opportunities. Urban culture can benefit from community tourism, which can help revitalize neighbourhoods while also saving important historical artefacts. 12 Though tourism was increasingly focusing on the group, literature was a matter. The word "group tourism" is disputed and sometimes refers to various subjects. In developing countries, particularly as it supports strategies that promote better management of local communities, the community-based concept in tourism becomes increasingly important. It may include various types, ranging from cooperative arrangements to individual village residencies, and can be associated, particularly for promotional purposes, with noncommunity organisations such as tour operators or NGOs. Community-oriented tourism, shown to link poverty reduction to tour operators' disintegration or the wealthy elite of institutional dependence centred on the controls by hegemonic sector. In several countries international cooperation and communal tourism are interconnected to community development since "international agencies are increasingly promoting tourism and, in particular, community-based tourism as a means to poverty reduction in developing countries". Community-based tourism 'Independent in rural areas' in developing countries India has focused a bit late to tourism as opposed to global trends and in remote or small areas discovers and opens up positive destinations. The 2012 Tourism Policy found rural and community-based tourism dynamics and launched rural tourism planning in the Indian countryside. Participation had a significant factor everywhere they were successful. Tourism is focused on the local community, and which provides support to the various entities that have contributed to the interpretation and communication of the local culture and environment. Such entities may include local authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other community-based organizations. The prevailing notion is that the entity is managed and possessed by the collective for the collective. CBT in rural areas involves the delivery of tourist services by individuals who are native to the locality (Naeraa et al., 1993). CBT initiative aims to enhance the standard of living in North Bengal, particularly in the Dooars region, through the enhancement of the competencies of all community organizations 13 in the administration of tourism assets. The outcome to rural regions and the engagement of indigenous residents in respect of hospitality. CBT aims to promote sustainability by fostering the engagement of the tourists in all aspects of development, thereby ensuring its longevity. The correlation between CBT and the wider aspects of development and participatory planning ideologies is evident, as both strive to empower local communities by providing them with greater agency in determining decisions that impact their lives. (Ife 1996).CBT refers a variety of tourism product that takes into the account of sustainability. The establishment in question is under the ownership and administration of individuals who are native to the locality. It functions as a means of imparting knowledge to inquisitive nonresidents regarding the historical, cultural, and customary aspects (REST 1997, REST 2003). . Fig 1.1: Community-based planning model for tourism growth. Sources: Community-based planning model for tourism growth. Source:weaver, D. B. (2015). Encyclopedia of Tourism . New york : CAB . 14 Community Members or local residents, maintain to create tourism programs that highlight the things about the right way of life, culture, people, and environment that they value and want to show off. CBT is a product that benefits both visitors and locals, as it helps the local economy and protects natural areas. Community-based tourism (CBT) is defined as "tourism that consults with, incorporates, and benefits a local community,” with a focus on rural areas in developing nations and indigenous peoples (Mann, 2001). The system of social learning and mobilization, as such projects, would mostly be funded by the Population and acquired by an inclusive perspective, will encourage development adoption and sustainability according to Reid (2003). CBT also benefits from preserving local culture. When societies know the importance of their cultures and values, they will transmit information and knowledge from generation to generation. CBT also has social benefits, such as increased engagement with tourists and an enhanced life standard through partnerships with public and private institutions. Individuals will feel more secure, respected, and optimistic due to CBT's emphasis on group effort. Figure 1.2: Relationship between resources and cognitive behavioural therapy. Sources: Fennell, D. (2018). Rural Tourism -Second Edition. London: Routledge 15 Among the writers who have written on CBT, it points to the tendency to resent tourism if the local community does not want to be involved in tourism. The solution is to implement community-based initiatives and the growth of tourism would have no fruit, unless they are implemented. The people affected are engaged in tourism 'from the start because it is part of its commodity, it's goodwill and cooperation of local people' and If tourism fails to meet local demands and capacity, the industry's promise would be totally squandered.'Tourism was invented by history, according to Mearns (2003, 29).. Community-based tourism, he claims, is critical for enabling local communities as well as growing the detrimental effects of mass tourism. It enables local communities, strengthens local expertise, fosters community empowerment, and may contribute to local growth. CBT sees and implements tourism in a variety of ways, and the advantages of doing so are apparent. Research shows that it supports communities, contributes to tourists' experiences and protects tourist and natural resources. In nature, it is more absorbent when visitors become part of the community rather than live and have an effect as external persons. There is an overall perception that local people are empowered by the modes of empowerment associated with CBT summarised in the following table: Table 1.3: Various forms of community empowerment in tourism growth. Type Economic Psychological Social Political Sign of Empowerment Tourism brings long term financial benefits to a destination community. Money is spread throughout the year. There is notable improvement in local service & infrastructure. • Creating Self-esteem because of General uniqueness & cultural value, natural resources & traditional knowledge • Increasing confidence to the residents which lead the community members to find out the further opportunities in terms of financial and cultural. • Scope and opportunity of job for women & youth. Tourism always follow the local residents cultural aspects . Community relation will be more improve in individuals & families cooperate to build good industry. Some funds are used for community development initiatives like education & roads. • The community’s political structure provides a representational forum through which people can raise question & concern pertaining to tourism initiatives. • Lots of tour operator agencies initiating taken initiatives to implementing the new products for community groups & individual community. Sources: Fennell, D. (2018). Rural Tourism -Second Edition. London: Routledge 16 1.10 Study Area: South of the Eastern Himalayas lies the floodplain of West Bengal, commonly known as Dooars. The valley runs from the west of the Teesta River to the east of the Sankosh River, bordering the Raidak River, Torsha River and Jaldhaka River, and on the Kaljan River., Sikkim, North East India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and china through Nat hula Pass. The region has several indigenous and tribal communities: Bodo, Rabha, Mech, Toto, Koch Rajbongshi, Lepcha, Tamang, Chik Baraik and others. Study on the basis of Batabari ,Bindu,Jhalong, & Kalipur village of Dooars Region where CBT exists. The socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the study area is demonstrate the variations and similarities in sample villages & that have been valuable in evaluating the potentiality & scope of community-based tourism in this survey area. The research area has been chosen for CBT development focusing on conservation of Community Culture and Natural Resources. 1.11 Geology: North Bengal Specially Dooars is includes the dense forest, hills, flora, fauna, Wildlife, tea gardens, and tribal communities. Dooars is famous for its rubber tree plantation and also for different kinds of herbs and spices, which makes it unique appearances. 1.12 Drainage: The drainage system of Dooars basically depends upon the two major rivers which flow on the part of Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar Districts. Teesta and Mahananda flows though the Siligiri subdivision including the municipality and rural areas. The drainage system is not adequate to control the flood due to heavy rain. Tarai area is basically affected due to heavy rain in rainy seasons. . 17 Fig: 1.3: Drainage Networks of Dooars & North Bengal.Sources:Negi, J. (2009). Tourism Travels: Concept & Principles. New Delhi : Gitanjali 1.13 Climate: In Fig.1.6 (climate, Temperature, & Zones of Rainfall, Dooars region) shows the climate position in Dooars. Average minimum temperature is 10°C. Temperature at night may fall down to 7°C.in Dooars. The average lowest temperature is between 2°C and 7°C. 18 Fig 1.4: Average Climate, Temperature, & Rainfall Zones of Dooars North Bengal. Sources: Negi, J. (2009). Tourism Travels: Concept & Principles. New Delhi : Gitanjal 1.14 Soil: The soil of this region is mainly sandy, In the forest lands the soil mainly consist of thick layer of leafs, which contain the high percentage of organic matter. Due to the heavy rain the podzol soil is easily washed off and the soil turned to acidic. Common red soil is also found in the some parts of the Dooars and North Bengal. The beds also shown morum and occasionally limes concretions. 19 Fig: 1.5: Soil Type of Dooars & North Bengal. Sources: Negi, J. (2009). Tourism Travels: Concept & Principles. 1.15 Natural vegetation: The evergreen forests are found in Dooars. Bamboo, peepul ,sishu, teak, sal, oak, magnolia etc are the main natural vegetation in Dooars. There are lots of reserved forest are in the Dooars like Buxa tiger reserve, Jaldapara wildlife Sanctuary, Gorumara National park . 20 Fig: 1.6: Forest cover/ Natural Vegetation of Dooars, North Bengal. Sources: Negi, J. (2009). Tourism Travels: Concept & Principles.. 1.16 Fauna: In lower hill area hog, deer, sambar , leopard are the main fauna, apart from these varies types of reptiles and birds also found in Dooars region of North Bengal.The tarai parts of the Dooars region is famous for the wild elephant, buffalo, leopard and beer. Jaldapara, Buxa, Chapramari are the major wildlife of Dooars. 21 1.17 Tribal: CBT is a platform to experience the tribe’s life, art, culture, and heritage. Religious culture of Dooars also benefiting the local tribal community. Dooars is a place of mix religious communities like chik barik, Mech, Pradhan, Barman, Lepcha, Gurung, Karki,etc. It made the interactions between the visitors and the tribes distinctive. The tribal culture of India is very diverse. Tourists will be able to get a glimpse of the varied Indian culture through the various Indian tribes that can be found throughout the subcontinent . The Lepcha community is said to be the natives of Dooars and Sikkim followed by the Bhutias, Lepchas are genarally Buddhists.The Mech religious beliefs are a blend of animism (belief that non-human objects have spirits) and Hinduism. Gurung Dharma priests are Bon Lam (Lama), Ghyabri (Ghyabring), and Pachyu (Paju). Shamanist aspects remain prevalent among Gurungs and the majority of Gurungs typically adopt Buddhist in community events. A Sorathi dance is a classic Gurung dance that recreates an old fable about a monarch with 7 wives and no offspring.Gurung have their own mother tongue called ‘Tamukwyi'. The chik barik professed religion of the Pans is a sort of mixed Hinduism they also worship moonand Devi Mai, surjahi and Barpahari are their deities. their death rituals is burial in vogue which quite attractive. chik barik festivals are Karwa or karma, sarhul Dussehra. The peoples like Bathudk their surname and titles like Nayak, Pradhan, Dash-chatiya, chowkhiya etc. Their birth and death rituals are sad bhaskhan during pre-delivery ceremony on the ninth day of birth and ekusha ceremony during post-natal purification. Most of Hinduism and workship sarna (sal groove) or Geramthan. Mangla Thakur is their family deity. Bathudk festivals are shia Ganjan, chaitra sankranti and Urai and also in danes like chho, changoo and paik. they sing Jhumur and tusu songs. They have their own religious convictions; they follow Hindu ceremonies and ceremonies. Its rites include Basto Puja, Lakshmi Puja and Padma Puja. Thaowl is the site of worship. Barman Kacharis performs the 'pusura' Magh Bihu. The Vaisnavite Chaitanya Dev's influence has made it possible to accept some Bengali cultures, ceremonies and rituals. The Barman Kachari tribes commemorate the indigenous traditional Assamese Bihu Festival. Bihu is the traditional Barman Kacharis event held in mid-April. Barman's traditional dance 22 is called meshak, performed during fairs and festivals including Bohag Bihu, Magh Bihu, and pujas. The day of Uruka is named Barmans 'Aarbish.' Aarbish livestock are washed and adored. Pitha and Gourd-Brinjal, and younger Barmans pay homage to the elderly family members. Barman Kachari uses kerem, khambak, charinda and singaa musical instruments. Barman Kacharis uses numerous bamboo instruments, including Jakoi (Jakha/Jakhei), Khaloi (Khokki/Khok), and Pal (which are used for fishing). Each house of Barman Kachari has a Dheki (handmade grinder). The Dheki in Barman is Dhengki or salt container (Khamba). The men of Barman Kachari prepare Hukas (Dhaba) for smoking. Some of these kind of tribe’s rituals often surprises the tourists which responsible for the attracts the tourists. The home stay tourism also in Dooars areas of northern Western Bengal is becoming popular. The local community's engagement in this Home Stay Tourism is greater than ever in one of the favourite hill resorts for domestic and inbound visitors. Tourists will get to know local people and their culture at these home stays, which might be another incentive for the journey. In these home stays, local cuisine and beverages are offered that are widely loved by the guests. Sunrise from Tiger Hill genuinely is a lovely situation that impresses the viewer's thoughts permanently. The most snow-capped summit welcomes tourists from around the globe, with a panoramic view of Kanchenjunga. Batasia loop in Ghum is a great tourist experience to explore Darjeeling. In addition to all these, there are also many more popular attractions such as mountaineering centre, Zoo Garden, Darjeeling-Rangeet Valley Passenger ropeway, which brings tourists to the greatest degree of fun.There are so many amazing Tibetan cuisine places in Dooars. Tourists who are foodies will appreciate Tibetan cuisine to the full. It is full of rich natural woods, beautiful green tea gardens, intersected by the Teesta, Murti, Jaldhaka, Torsha and many more. Dooars features woodlands such as Gorumara, Jaldapara, Chapramari, Buxa and Jayanti. Lataguri is an entrance to Gorumara National Park, renowned for the population of rhino and elephants. Murti, which is less busy yet rich in natural beauty, is another access point to the National Park. 23 CHAPTER 2: LITERETURE REVIEW After providing an overview, an attempt to review the literature on this topic is made in this chapter. The documentary on various facets of rural tourism is very detailed. This chapter provides a concise review of recent research on many areas of Community based tourism to learn about key trends in rural tourism. India’s tourism industry plays an important role in society and economic transformation. The often quoted remark of The Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru: "Welcome a visitor and send a friend back," in the post-independence period, was at its heart an Indian tourist approach. Tourism has a great potential as an industry for the advancement of society and culture. Today, Kerala is India's most trusted and sought-after tourist brand. According to World Travel and Tourism Council reports, travel and tourism are anticipated to expand by 11,4% year in real terms between 2004 and 2013. (WTTC). The benefit of rural tourism was shown in a new research by the World Tourism Organization. Global rural tourism expenditure increased 20 percent annually, as per the report. For the CBT, that is around six times the AGR. Research findings demonstrate that in general there is growing demand and engagement in external activities, particularly rural tourism. Given that the current research is relatively recent, relevant literature on the subject is difficult to find. Some research on the different facets of tourism and rural tourism are, however, available. Any of the tourism and rural tourism study research studies will follow: Equal involvement by communities may enhance local governance while safeguarding existing and natural tourist assets, including tangible and intangible cultural heritage and many policies can promote and protect the identity and pride of the community. Barman (2021) The Coochbehar district's Dooars area has a growth to become a West Bengali destination for sustainable tourism. In addition to this, it has other flaws and environmental dangers, according to respondents. This article includes a sustainable tourist development strategy and conceptual model to address these weaknesses and challenges. According to the aforementioned report, their level of education and income is very poor. Sustainable tourism will progressively rise if an appropriate policy is implemented to support the tourism industry, education, investors, and health facilities. The role of communities in rural tourism is emphasized by Aga Iqrar Haroon (2019). For him, the activities of rural tourism. Rural tourism is a mix of a community of people with controlled practices aimed at sustainable growth in their respective areas. 24 Aparna Raj (2019) emphasized the potential growth of Indian tourism in order to achieve sustainable growth in the fields of sustainable tourism and made some recommendations and policies which create the opportunities of sustainable tourism. Community Benefited Tourism Initiatives (CBTI's) address the need to identify benefits for the community as a whole, regardless of other socio-political challenges, to ensure that the Community owns, manages, and controls the programmes (Simpson, 2018). Singh (2018) carried out a thorough analysis on various attractions and motivators of journeys. In promoting international tourism, he argues that historic and cultural attractions are important. In India he analyses in depth the tourism sector. He examines the governmental and structural position in the enrichment of activities and the challenges of economic growth in detail. He describes how people become conscious for the value of international tourism tourism and emphasizes it. Prit Paul Singh (2018), studied the growth (i.e.employment & income) of tourism in eastern iIndia. Data was collected through primary & secondary methods. CBT development can go far away due bulk of resources. Also, several locations in Shimla have been unexplored and can lead to boundless opportunities in terms of income, employment and forex. Daniel Gnana Sagar (2018) believes that tourism's commercial, ecological advantages can only be optimized by rural tourism. Suddhendu Narayan Mishra (Basics of Tourism Management) (2017) -In his book has discussed the scope for promoting community-based tourism in North Bengal. The author says that the tourism industry in North Bengal is a smokeless industry having a opportunity to create employment opportunities, earning foreign exchange, and uplift the whole region. The writer also said that the Dooars Region of North Bengal has a great potentiality to develop cultural and community-based tourism because North Bengal, is a land of diversified culture, and communities. Haque Immanuel and Shanawaz Ahammed Dur (2017) in their book described The importance of tourism specifically referring to the job market, infrastructure and poverty eradication”demonstrated in their study(‘Tourism Economics: An Indian Perspective’). Shaik Ameer and Yasmin Fathima (2017) explained the four basic concepts of Rural tourism – i) Rural culture focus, ii) Environment sustainable management, iii) Study opportunism iv) The involving of local people in their work entitled 'India tourism growth and rural development eco-tourism results. 25 Modern tourism can take many forms: adventure, fitness, trade fairs, religious and cultural activities, national festivals and food festivals. A distinct approach to the peace of rural culture is included in these eco-tourisms. In his thesis Vijaya Raju (2017) believes, that in present situation there is a massive degrading ecosystem occurs and its consequences can radically restore the eventual benefited by planet's biota. Geological records need to restore the global environmental structures. People, the very factors behind the ongoing environmental catastrophe, must also intervene if the biota is maintained at short notice. The engagement between stakeholders of the regions that they rely on in an environment already changed by human activities and their involvements for biota recovery and biodiversity conservation George and Nigam (2016) in their edited book express various papers of many scholars and professionals about tourism. Most of the papers explains about the most important component of tourism industry i.e. tourist. Because the management and planning of any tourist destination depend on tourist behaviour and their need. N.M. Kapoor (2016) regarded tourism as assign of infrastructure improvement, particularly in Himachal Pradesh. He looked at the importance of tourism in the state's economic growth and proposed a plan to promote tourism in Himachal Pradesh. According to him, the state has a great potential. And, its linkage with other industries can bring benefits to all. Ganesh (2016) most respondents related directly or indirectly to eco-tourism and rural tourism. Tourists were keen to stay with rural people, to demonstrate their daily activity, various cultural programmes participated. The country road was properly linked to the main road. Tea was the main crop grown by many organisations. Most rural women worked as tea workers. Male respondents were mostly affected by drugs. The house was largely wood and tin maid. The majority of respondents were primary school passes and secondary school passes. The majority of the annual income level of rural respondents was lower than Rs. 1,00,000. The perception of respondents on alternative income sources was relatively low. The respondent may be dangerous if tea garden unfortunately closes its manufacture. Government including private organisation can conduct appropriate policies to change the drive of rural Dooars, empower rural women by forming SHGs, create a different rural tourism spot, involve rural workers in tourism guidance, and arrange for food and housing, train rural youth in manufacturing and marketing in rural tourism spaces. 26 The Seema and Jojo research (2016) rural tourism has major ramifications for rural culture and survival, rural livelihoods, and Indian conservation education, according to the author. In this article, the current documentation on rural tourism policy is discussed briefly so that we can learn more about the Indian context. This paper also offers ways to connect metrics of effect and compensation. V Dhulasi Birundha (Environmental challenges Towards Tourism) (2015) - In his edited book mainly focuses on, community tourism eco-tourism, and biodiversity in the Dooars region of North Bengal. Book also notes the role of government towards sustainable community tourism and the relationship among tourism and the environment in North Bengal, Basically in Alipurdual, Jalpaiguri & Darjeeling Districts. Following analysis of tourist and foreign exchange ties, Rao (2015) found that tourism is the most important source of income and foreign exchange in many countries. He warns of the adverse impact on the economy, instead of on country growth, of a poorly organized tourism development strategy. "CBT tourism means enjoying the abundance of rural culture and recognizing the culture and the natural history of rural culture in the environment," according to Vijayakumar (2015). "His study emphasized the promotion of environmental tourist activities in Kerala as it respects the climate and the preservation of the eco-system. During her research, Manonmoney (2015) emphasized the advantages and problems of the eco-tourist initiatives. According to her, the three key aspects of eco-tourism are pollution control, tourism capacity-based transport and environmental protection. Shini Dev (2015) has studied the practice involved in demographics and the inclination of Indian Rural tourism practices. This thesis attempted to explore the connection between rural tourism's demographic properties and rural tourism preferences. His research shows that Indian eco-tourists favour nearly identical Community tourism practices regardless of age. "The preservation, growth and enhancement of the various environmental constituents is among the fundamental requirements for the harmonious production of tourism," Dhanasekaran's report (2015). Smart tourism management, as well as the quality of human life, will also make a significant contribution to conserving and promoting the human ecology and cultural heritage. Tourism development and sound protection of the environment should also be an integral consideration for national development policy. 27 Mohit Chandra (Hotel& Tourism Management) (2014)- In his book notes about various significant environmental rules and regulations in relation to community-based tourism, such as un resolutions over rural culture, natural resources, and heritage, environmental guidelines for migratory and endangered species. Murphy's (2014), the notion of community-based tourism (CBT), which deals with the connections between tourism and the local community management in developing nations, issues that were subsequently addressed with again by the same author in 2014. (Murphy and Murphy, 2014). In a case study on the Village Project of Sirubari, Tony Parr (2014) said that Sirubari was effectively created as a model for future growth by collaboration between the local Community and the Commercial Promotion Department. James Macgregor (2014) said that community based rural tourism offers the local population and the protection of the local environment a direct return of a percentage of profits raised by the company. Suman Paul (2014) analysed that the visitor quest for new rather than classic places, Community-based tourism is gaining popularity in several places of the world. This makes it easier to develop specific tourism products, allowing local people to generate revenue for themselves, since tourism is an economic activity complementary to traditional businesses and never an economic alternative. He studied in a particular place, the Latpanchar village of the Darjeeling District. In this area, tourism becomes a vital driver of both the hamlet and the broader district's economic development. As a result, several community tourism initiatives are being established with the purpose of ensuring that the money generated by tourism benefits Latpanchar residents directly. In their study 'Rural tourism in Assam' Niranjan Das and Syiemelieh (2014) demonstrate that Assam has enormous growth and Rural tourism potential. Assam marked as a hot spots with a variety of flora and fauna that reflects the sound foundation for eco-tourism. Chawla (2013) in her book notes that indiscrete expansion of tourism industry causes various damages to the host communities and environment. So, the author suggests that tourism industry must follow the concept of sustainable development by which the negative impact of tourism industry should be minimized first. Romila Chawla (Economics of Tourism& Management) (2012) -In her book notes that indiscrete expansion of tourism industry causes various damages to the host communities and 28 environment in Dooars region of North Bengal. So, the author suggests that the tourism industry must follow the concept of sustainable development by which the negative impact of the tourism industry should be minimized. Other research projects have looked at the link between tourism and local communities in addition to these two (Richards and Hall, 2012). Together with other existing study lines, CBT offers new study paths and prospects for tourist growth. Amar Chand (2012), on his study, describe the potentiality of tourism in North Bengal. Main objective was to learn about the numerous services and services accessible to tourists, & the challenges they confront. To attract more tourists, the tourism business requires effective planning, coordination, management, entrepreneurship, and law, by including both data.The path forward to protect tourist sustainability must be seen as sustainable growth. Katja Pactz (2012). The link with sustainable development and tourism has been researched. To make the Kerala a genuine country of God, high quality tourist destination by national use, with a focus on the integrated construction of infrastructure, conservation and protection of heritage and environment, and enhance productivity, income and employer development, former Tourism Minister Thomas (2012) said Kerala was a major tourism destination. Different studies promoted community sense of ownership, sense of duty and practical involvement and decision making (Simpson, M.C.2012; Boyd & Singh, 2013; Campbell, 2010; Mountain Agenda,2011; Olsen 2015; Page & Dowling, 2012; Ross & Wall, UNWTO, 2014a, 2014b). Tourism was recognized as a strategy to balance conservation with ecologically rich growth in Santhosh Thampi (2011). He states that rural tourism contains a series of interrelated elements that should all occur for genuine rural tourism. Simpson, M.C. (2011) discussed tourism as a destroyer of culture resulting in degrading of social structures and underestimating social norms and economies. Syamala (2011) thinks rural tourism always rejuvenates quick urban routine. Rural tourism offers several fascinating journeys to Mother Rural culture's centre. In India, Rural tourism is about breaking from busy living and slowing down, greenery-filled life. We can wake up with birds, in her words, rather than with fast-food-fried products, with the alarm, we can have safe and timely food. India provides a large number of healthy rural tourism sites. 29 Sharma (2010) in his book has enlightened about tourism planning and development. The author realizes that universally well-known tourism industry must be developed with a sustainable manner, so it needs proper planning and management by which the negative impacts should be reduced. That is why in this book the author has expressed the concept of tourism planning, approaches, techniques and principles, which are applicable for destination management at the global, national, regional and local level. . In its paper "Eco-cultural tin Indian Islands: Consequences" Poya Moli (2010) tries to focus on developments in tourism and environmental management with a particular regard to the eco-systems in the Indian Island Sustainable options should be proposed to ensure that tourism is not only economically autonomous in the Indian Islands but both environmentally and socially sustainable in addition to being responsible for culture. The rural tourism solution is said to be an entirely different approach to tourism in his paper Anil Reddy (2010). It retains the right and visit natural zones to learn cultural and natural history of the region. He examines different Community Based tourism topics and facts. All is a participant in the process and our previous shortcomings and negative traction must obviously be avoided, when increasing numbers of transport and travel related organizations, which respond to the needs and effect of Eco tourists. Rural tourism is also being collected in India and encouraged by the movement. Ralf Buckley's report (2010), "ecology is both an industry and a social problem like tourism in general and ecology is a business for private sector community based tourism operators." The marketing in environmental education and community based l tourism was also highlighted. In his thesis, Mr James Buller (2010) states that community based eco-tourism encourages and does not degrade capital. He focuses more on inherent than external ideals, and in philosophy, he is bio-centric than homocentric. It describes eco-tourism as a responsible way of travelling that promotes the conservation of local communities' environmental and cultural resources. Kirti Shiva Kumar (2010), "ecology is a way of maintaining the balance between the demands of tourism and Dooars region, on the one hand, and the local communities' desire for a new career, revenue creating jobs and improving women's status, on the other." According to Ratna Sree (2010), ecological tourism, a destination can be enhanced from an economic, infrastructural and cultural perspective but, in case it is not well known, it may 30 lead to crime and other social negative problems. Effective collaboration between local people, visitors, government and other industries is needed to achieve sustainable development through Community based tourism.; otherwise Rural tourism will lead to national development being doomed. A research on rural tourism in China was carried out by Claire Doole (2010). In China there are increasing numbers of eco-tourists. They realized that they have to display their cultural aspect to draw foreigners, deliver more traditional chants and dances. Women now generate revenue by selling their craft to visitors. Sankar (2009), in particular, recommended the liberalization of protected area management for the promotion of wildlife tourism, to amend the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972. The study also indicated that rural tourism funding should be provided Used for: •Developing and maintaining fields of fundraising. •Encourage recycling •Conduct education for the community. •Monitor and assess the progress of CBT . Strongly argued for Community based sustainable tourism by Raina (2009). He argues in his paper rural tourism as a sustainable development logical aspect involves an inter-discipline strategy, meticulous preparation and stringent rules and regulations that only by inter-sectoral participation ensure sustainable activity, this objective can be accomplished. In their US report, Wearing and Neil (2009) indicated eco-tourists have increased revenues and educational standards than average and that they are ready to spend more on tourism than normal visitors. The reports from Wearing and Neil are environmentally friendly and biocentred in relation to psychographic properties instead of topo-centric. 2.1 Book CBT-Tourism studies: Sophy Roberts (2018) states that advanced industrial tourism travellers drive through the wilderness of the country. Luxury Rural tourism brought it more value. Luxury Rural tourism, which is a sign of luxury and luxurious eco-hospitality, shows the increasing trend towards a high-end, environmentally friendly tourism. 31 The growth of rural tourism in North India has entered an exciting process according to Rajiv Bhartari (2018). However, the experiences and practises can be shared and expanded by welldesigned collaboration projects between Himalayan countries of India and the borders of Bhutan and Nepal is enormous. Ramesh Chawla (2016) says that, in the spirit of gratitude, engagement and sensitivity, ecotourism visits to comparatively untamed regions. The environmental tourism activities are non-consumer-friendly and use habitats and natural resources to conserve the site. In their book "Rural tourism in India-Communities, Capital and Conservation" Seema Bhatt and Syed Liyakhat (2016) say community tourism is a concept that is the subject of discussion for the world's practitioners. The Rural tourism-related projects on individuals and the ecosystem in some countries. Sustainable Rural tourism, however, under certain established standards will contribute to people's growth. Prem Nath Phar (2016) feels that the growing number of visitors alone is responsible for the generation of massive environmental problems in his book "International Tourism Emerging Challenges and Future Prospects." The high mountains are among the most ecologically vulnerable places threatened by tourism. This dilemma can be corrected by Rural tourism with careful planning. Peter Murphy (2017) points to the various impacts of tourism on individual businesses and on the environment in his book "Tourism Community Approach." He says "Tourism has become a holy cow which should be allowed to enter anywhere." Vijaya Koteswari (2015) observes that any kind of tourism dependent on rural culture and experience and appreciate the rural culture is an admiration, a pleasure and a research. Rural tourism should be used by tourists in small groups with local collaborators. In addition to tremendous enjoyment, it brings awareness to the protection of heritage, environmental and cultural heritage. It also allows the locals and interaction between others and rural culture. Bhatia (2015) remarks in his book 'international tourism' that over the time, increasing concern for environmental preservation and conservation in the field of tourism and in concern for the standard of the people. In this sense, increasing attention has been paid for adjustment between tourism and the climate. 32 Ravi (2015) pointed out in his book 'Rural tourism and Sustainable Development' that Rural tourism operations have rapidly expanded in the last two decades and are projected to scale in future worldwide Batra and Chawla, 'Tourism Management – A Global Prospect' (2014), take the view that 'Rural tourism is viewed as an alternate feasible route that allows tourism to harness economic value or social risk and maximal value to the local population.' In their book 'Tourism, biodiversity and sustainability growth' Kandari and Ashish Chandra (2013) believe that rural tourism is becoming increasingly relevant economically justified, genuinely sustainable route requires cooperation, collaborations and partnerships between visitors, governments, local communities and, above all, tourists.' They further stipulate that rural tourism is known to be the world tourism industry's fastest growing field and sustainability is the core term for identifying real Community based rural tourism. Rathandeep Singh (2013) in his book Indian Environmental Regulations and Regulations details about the Indian environmental policy. Law and laws of India on the atmosphere are explored in great depth. In his words, "the protection of biodiversity has become a necessary condition for a sustainable CBT within the Indian National Park or sanctuary." Tapank Panda (2012), Sitikantha Mishra, Bivraj Bhusan Parida, said in the book 'Tourism-The SocioEconomic and Ecological Perspective' in view of two-way operation, tourism interacts with the environment and its multifaceted economic activity. Firstly, environmental services are essential to produce the tourism product: the atmosphere and/or the environment created by men so that tourists can admire experience and relax. In the other hand, tourism offers a broad variety of commodities that intentionally dispose of and inadvertently alter the climate: negative externalities to the environment. Usha Verma and Rajnish Kumar (2011) try to illuminate general questions concerning Rural tourism concepts and values. It underlines the rise of tourism in India and that should encourage eco-tourism . In Manickava sagam (2011), environmental issues related to tourism were highlighted. He discusses the impact of tourism on various terrestrial and aquatic ecological systems. The services available must be linked to tourism. Jennifer Hil & Timgale (2010) Notes that in her book ‘community tourism and environmental sustainable development principles and practise' in consent of tourism and the environment is complex.' Tourists are looking forward towards experiential travel and 33 tourism. Such transformed environments, including artificial islands, farmlands and surface mines and quarries, have been explored on community based tourism. In the book 'Environment and Tourism' Andrew Holden (2010) emphasised that 'Rural tourism is now a big business.' And other community based scope Eco-label products will order higher prices on the market. Similarly, significant sponsorship by sponsors and wellestablished agencies for Community based tourism promoters is now available, making it also a profitable consulting enterprise. In his book 'Rural tourism: An Introduction,' David and Fennell (2010) emphasised the need to encourage a good kind of tourism, that is to say quality and environmentally responsible tourism, with the aim of maximising the advantages without affecting and changing physical and social quality. Sarngadharan and Raju (2010) state that community based tourism is a high-risk venture in their work on SED and Tourism Indians and Global Perspectives.' This not only the basis for community livelihoods. Rural growth is important in the wider sense, with topics such as property ownership, citizenship status and the effects of digital communications in the 'world village' being taken into account. As part of CBT tourism planning and growth there is an immediate need for an enhanced study of rural tourism problems. In her book "The Economic Geography of the Travelling Industry; A Supply-Side Study," Dimtri Loannides and Keith Debbage (2010) demonstrate that "tour operators place greater value on Rural tourism." The concentrate on the conservation of the environment of travel experts is the effort to preserve rural tourism goods in their main destinations. A research on the relationship between tourism and climate is conducted, tourism: past, present and future in the book Burkart and Melik (2010). This book discusses the relationship of recreation, entertainment and primarily natural resources as a general tourism planning and growth environment. Praveen Sethi (2009) claims that global tourism earnings are a remarkable export in his book "Rural culture and Tourism Scope." In the book exclusively defined how community based and eco-tourism supports culture they’re the sales goods of the tourist commodity of the country to foreign visitors. Tourism expenses are the contrary. It's an invisible matter. The residents buy from elsewhere a tourism commodity. "The Rural tourism is environmentally-friendly and sustainable tourism which also benefits local communities" are defined in Hall and Alan's 2009 book 'Sustainable tourism-A 34 Geographical Perspective.' In reality, however, several rural tourism companies are destroying their own habitat. Rural tourism ends up being degraded by bad preparation. Birundha and Baj (2009) describe that it need to framework together and establish a symbolic partnership between tourism, economic growth and the environment. So it is about time from a regional, sub-regional or even international point of view, we looked at rural sustainable tourism. Many that arise from the attempt to identify what constitutes good community based tourism and to restoration is balanced with developments are analysed in his book "Rural tourism, prospects and experiences." She is also trying to illustrate general questions about the rural tourism concepts and values. His book reflects on the perspectives and methods of rural tourism in different countries like the island nations. Eco-tourism and urban economic growth are highlighted here. It considers how community based rural tourism can produce economic benefits and provide the opportunity to get alternative jobs and revenue. The imaginative participation of NGO in fostering an alternative path to development to reconcile the competing desires in the survey area has been discussed by David Barkin and Carlos Pailles (2009). They recognise that NGOs will play a active motivation in the diversity of cultural backgrounds and social groups in which sustainable tourism plays a key role as an ambitious diversified growth programme. The review also shows its detrimental effects on local mechanisms of sustainable development, which include several CBT ventures in Mexico and Central America. 2.2 Studies on CBT-tourism in published papers: x Pallab Debnath (2019) He stated that theDooars is a rustic paradise where all parts of life are interconnected. The entire concept of rural tourism will be abandoned in the Dooars because of some problem on resources. The Dooars region is located north of the Brahmaputra river basin in the alluvial floodplain of the outer Himalayan foothills. This area is incredibly large and rich in both plants and animals. From the Teesta River in West Bengal to the Dhansiri River in Assam, it is around 360 kilometers long. The Tarai Duar Savanna and grassland eco region are both present in the Dooars region, which serves as Bhutan's entry point. Some rural tourism centers in the Dooars region are unable to effectively develop their sites in the Indian tourism because of gap related to various supports, including financial and appropriate assistance. The region would benefit by proper support from both, including proper 35 development and the preservation of the region's culture, customs, arts, and legacy. Ex: Raidak and Kumargram. Poor water amenities, transportation, and communication infrastructure made several vacation destinations unattractive to visitors. Ex: Shikiajhora. It is a growing issue. Some rural tourism suffers from a shortage of qualified guides. Even if some young people work in this field, they are unqualified and unprofessional. x Ravi (2019) highlights sustainable tourism in his essay "Sustainable tourism: A Way Forward from eco-tourism." Tourism worldwide has developed the environmental issues and ecological imbalances and has adversely impacted tourism industry's economic sustainability. The way to solve the problem of tourism on the environment, CBTtourism was created. In view of this, and looks at the various aspects of Community based eco-tourism in the light of sustainable tourism. x An effort is required to clarify the growth of CBT tourism in Goa by Oscar Braganza Dmelo and Camelita D Mello (2018). There is, they claim, an immediate need to promote CBT tourism, which discourages local people from abandoning their traditional occupation and livelihoods and provides local revenue sources. Tourism must therefore be conservatively compatible. It also suggests that CBT, tourism therefore encourages eco-compatible travel and enhances tourism. x Thilagavathi and Selvi Parameswari (2018) state that environmental consciousness is an off shoot wave. The core principle of the project is to use tourism as an instrument to conserve a natural ecosystem by giving its original state socio-economic importance. The Rural tourism's capacity for environmental protection is one significant consideration. x The research of CBT tourism revival in Sri Lanka was carried out by Jul Sarosh Thadamalla (2017) and Bhavesh Makwana (2017). Tourism officials are looking at their proposals to transform CBT tourism into Sri Lanka's high-value market. Increasingly, private players need to improve the tourism sector here. In Sri Lanka, natural disasters likeTsunami had adverse effects on tourism. x In his article "Development of Malaysian CBT-tourism," Mohd Nawayai Yasak (2017) attempted to revise Malaysian Community Eco tourism. Local residents are willing participants in Malaysia's community Eco tourism programmes. To achieve more cohesive impacts on national goals, a national eco-tourism strategy has been created. 36 x Abhimanyu Singh Arha (2017) in his study of rural culture and its components is in his essay 'International Travelogue in the 17th century A.D: Traces of Eco-tourism.' The ecology research must not be restricted to the field of statistical or theoretical analysis. The essence of social science is therefore very important. As an analysis of the links between living beings it to closer from human tendencies and beliefs, which are predictable, chaotic and spontaneous. x Kumar Swain (2017) found that the absence of community engagement was a major obstacle to the promotion of CBT tourism after the findings showed that communities still depend on forest products. Rural tourism has still been a realistic failure proposition as an alternative method for supplementing the wealth of communities. They say steps like the empowerment of the population, the participation of tourist organisations and the position of the sanctuary should be taken in exploiting the sanctuary's Community Based tourism potentiality. x Noyal Thomas (2017) emphasizes that managed tourism is a vital part of the management of protected areas for the generation and promotion of useful revenues for residents in these areas x In her paper, Vinay Tandon (2017) describes that regulation of access to an environment is central to Home stay tourism. Different hill resorts or beaches are therefore not classified as ecotourism destinations, so access to them cannot be regulated. In the other hand, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries must be modifiable in order to control entry as eco-tourism destinations. x The importance of backwater spots in ecosystem tourism in Kerala is advocated by Harikumar (2017). He describes how houseboats in Kerala play a role in the growth of rural tourism. x The sustainable tourism highlighting Puneet Aneja (2016), which meets current tourism needs and host regions, protects and improves future opportunities and helps manage Resource that meets economic, social and aesthetic needs while preserving cultural identity, ecological and biodiversity processes. x Sasikumar and Binu (2016) have pointed out the concepts, on which the idea of Community based Eco Tourism is centred, such as environmental preservation, biodiversity, the value to rural people their culture and the educational and interpretative opportunities, the essence and category of ecotourism. 37 x Bose (2015) it says that tourism is always a major economic partner for the country and its economy. Kerala can also be an important tourist attraction in the city. x Usha Bande (2015) states that tourism is the management of tourism, to maximise natural benefits, without disrupting its inherent equilibrium. It aims to re-establish human communication with rural culture and for ensuring the local communities and customs are fulfilled untouched and uninterrupted. x Raghavan (2015) believes that environmental and cultural awareness, respect and preservation are ecologically sound, with an emphasis on the experiencing of natural environments. Conservation and growth in the activities which seek economic advancement must therefore be brought together. x Donats Burneika and Edys Kriauciunas (2015) tried to analyses the ways in which Lithuanian eco-tourism can be developed in a sustainable way the authors have proposed a number of steps for the potentially eco-touristic increase in Lithuania in their article "Some grounds for balancing the rise in Community based tourism in the Lithuanian territory." Their goal was to identify the most appropriate for Lithuania with a current array of terms and meanings of community based Sustainable tourism. x A humble effort to address light ecotourism issues and opportunities in India, Vijai Caprihan and Kirti Sivakumar (2014), have analyzed the latest tendencies in Indian Rural tourism. x Vijai Kaprihan (2014) pointed out that tourism is a mixture of ecology and tourism as two different terms, but seen together, Rural tourism takes on a great importance for environmental protection and for tourism growth. Rural tourism guarantees that small homogeneous groups meet for satisfaction. x In their paper 'Eco tourism scenarios application for the environmental footprint,' Colin Hunter and Jon Shaw (2014) report on the exponential growth in recent years, the scholarly interest in Ecotourism is motivated by the increasingly mainstream rural culture of rural tourism. The paper considers the environmental footprint analysis (EF) as a means to quantify the net potential EF of the potential CBT based ecotourism scenarios of international air travel. x The need to better define CBT tourism was illustrated at Biju (2014). He cites tourism as an environmentally sensitive region, which must be closely monitored. In summary, tourism can be environmentally friendly in the natural area. It should also 38 be possible for a tourist to understand. To ensure survival, the economic value of such a business should be gained by the local community. x In his essay 'Natural Environment and Tourist Inflow,' Mathew (2014) tried to test Good and un-favourable urban growth results such as tourism and planned how negative outcomes can be minimized and positive maximized. It looks at Community related tourism's prospects as an alternative to mass tourism. x Abdul Malek and Anand (2013) It suggested that tourism has a positive social impact, offering shopping and facilities that are of greater and better quality. The beneficial impact of Community Based Eco tourism on conservation was emphasized and the natural environment was enhanced. x In their report ‘CBT tourism in Costa Rica' Karla Rosa Ramírez and Carlos Miguel Barber Kuri (2012) highlighted Costa Rica as a rich in natural resources and tourists and entertainers would find it attractive. This country is rich and diverse with distinct ecosystems and environments. Costa Rica is one of the most interesting ecological tourism regions with its flat, fauna, trees, 1200 km of coastline, beach and tourist destinations. x The position of tourism as income earner and the most important foreign-exchange source in all countries is explained by Mahashwar Rao (2012). He warns against the detrimental impact on the country of a badly-organized tourism growth plan instead of on the country's development. x Rajan and Graappan (2011) tried to understand the environmental effects of tourism. According to them, the proper conduct of Eco tourism activity by involving the local residents would increase visibility and the call to save the ecosystem that these places merit. x A research on CBT tourism planning is carried out by Jagmohan (2011). He states, "To achieve strong, sustained and sustainable economic growth, aiming equally at satisfaction of present and future generations' needs and aspirations, all stakeholders in touristic production should protect the environmental environment." x The relevance CBT in the long term and biodiversity is highlighted by Santosh Yadav (2010). It explains that CBT is an unrealistic prospect in most protected areas and that the relations between the growth CBT and conservation are unclear. He also said that CBT is also constrained by a small emphasis on the construction of infrastructure and scope of extracting local benefits has not been maximised. 39 x According to Pearce, Moscardo, and Ross (2010 p. 7), successful tourist growth in underdeveloped nations through community-based tourism projects can be utilised to show how tourism may foster by International collaboration, understanding, and peace. ACTUAR (Costa Rican CBT Association) and COOPRENA (National Tourism Network Cooperation Consortium) are two examples of Costa Rican Community-based Rural Tourism (CBRT) organisations (Trejos et al., p. 17). x Both ACTUAR and COOPRENA have tour operators who serve as marketing "arms" for their members' tourism supply. Symbiosis Tours was founded in 1997 as a COOPRENA and its affiliates tour operator (Trejos et al., 2008, p. 21).In their research, Mohan and Sampad. x CBT need to form a community. CBT is a form of ‘local’ tourism, favouring local service providers and suppliers and focused on interpreting and communicating local culture and environment” (Asker et al., 2010, p. 2). Asker et al. (2010, p. 3) list several CBT attributes, including: a) Aim to promote the wellbeing (income production), and welfare of local communities, in particular rural and indigenous people or residents in small towns. b) Hosting local community tourists. b) Community management of tourist schemes. c) Equitable sharing of profits/benefits. e) Devote a particular percentage of profit to community purpose and/or the preservation and conservation of the community's cultural and natural assets; (e.g. conservation). f) Involving village residents and community for the planning of CBT , decision-making, development, and business. Millen and Edwin (cited by Pourjam & Dehghan: 2010, p. 3) warn that if individuals do not exercise self-control, local community engagement will not be sustained. In his article on 'Conservation of biodiversity - Rural tourism,' Santhanakumar (2009) underlines the obligation of men and all living things to ensure conservation of the environment. To conserve the ecology, and bio diversity it is essential for the sustainable use of tourism. 40 2.3 CBT-tourism studies carried out by several institutions: x The upliftment of CBT tourism. The project intends to develop chosen rural areas in India as villages of rural tourism. For example, in Sualkuchi, a woven village in the Assam region of Kamrup, UNDP recognised the "Manchester of the East," the Environmental Education Centre (CEE, 2019) is carrying out software operations. x Suman Paul (2014) Community-based tourism, especially in poor countries, takes its position in globe as an alternative to established tourist attractions. x Such a tourism type enables greater engagement with the involvement of residents and allows tourists to experience new sensations while allowing the geographic area to thrive economically and socially. The findings of fieldwork in the village of Latpanchar are presented in this report. (West Bengal District, India), assessing the opinion and perceptions of tourists visiting this area, both with regard to services offered by tourist resource available in the Dooars. x The research finding promotes service quality supplied to tourists by local companies and emphasise the hospitality of the local community, a significant aspect in scope of tourism diversity, including villages of the area. Current trends in ecologically sensitive regions, including tourism x The vocabulary given by the National Biodiversity Strategy and Actions Plan (NBSAP) 1999, forests and coasts are eco-tourism or rural culture tourism for the convenience of tourism facilities. x The 2013 World Trade Organization (WTO) workshop on environmental with community based aspects of tourism reiterated that the conservation, growth and advancement of the different components of human environments are key prerequisites for a harmonious development of tourism. x CBT is nearly invisible in the Dooars region of North Bengal, with active local involvement. Recently, renewed stimuli with active support and The Minister of Tourism, Indian Government and USA (UNDP) have been able to collaborate with local residents, and they are working on village development initiatives in chosen villages in India. These programmes involve local NGOs Endogenous Tourism. Executing (NGOs) (Kalita, 2010) 41 x According to the World Trade Organization (2010) report, areas such as national parks and wildlife areas occupy over 10% of the world's surface and are essential to the branding of tourism. x The tourism ‘Business Benefits in Kerala' TCS Survey (2009) shows the economic benefits of Kerala due to tourism. The report covered in consent of tourists’ stay, visitor expenses and work and tourism revenue. The economic effect of international visitors and domestic tourists' arrival was also estimated. x The success of Lava, Lataguri, Tinchuley, and Manas community-inclusive projects It demonstrates that community empowerment can provide an effective and powerful tool for maintaining the economic and environmental well-being of fringe societies abutting national parks by means of tourism activities. x The training and continuous supervision of the personnel is vital. Government initiatives in this area would help to evaluate the standard of tourism benefits. (Bhattacharjee & Ganguli, 2011, p. 8). 2.4 Website studies on CBT: x Vinu Kumar and Chandrasekar (2015) analysed the national tourism strategy as requiring the international unification of tourism. It must also help to protect, conserve and enrich in all its forms our worldview, lifestyle, cultural expressions and heritage. x The community based and environment tourism, according to Diksha Rajput (2012), has strong connections with one another, as holidays and outdoor recreations require a safe environment. A nice, air, water and landscape tourist resort are the favourites of the holidaymaker. x India has an eco-diverse geological climate, including reserves of the biosphere, mangroves, islands, hills and valleys, wildlife, beaches, streams, rivers and other waters, flora and fauna. These eco-systems are the key instruments for CBT. x Anthony Chamy (2011) says that the climate has become one of today's most relevant passenger standards. Whereas luxury and convenience once had played a active role in the decision-making phase of a traveller, circumstances have changed greatly since then. x Tourists today are able to pay to preserve their ecological and social surroundings. He seeks to clarify the difference between the historically high technology models of 42 innovation management and the newly developing Community Based Eco tourism industry. x Sandeep Tambe (2010) analyses the economic figures for rural culture-based tourism's recreational importance and estimates the economic potential for such tourism's growth. Ecological tourism is simply environmentally friendly. x Chettri (2009) analysed the environmental effect of Tourism in the Sikkim and Himalayas in his case study on 'The Tourism Impact on Biodiversity.' Conservation has been initiated and participatory property and biodiversity monitoring has been initiated by groups. The unique niche for firewood, fodder and lumber must be looked up in order to protect the area's biodiversity, according to qualitative indigenous organisms. x The prosperity of tourism should enhance our social and cultural ideals and the destruction of our natural wealth, rather than harm them.In his opinion, achieving these policy goals would require a selective approach and science preparation, particularly in the sense of rural& community tourism. x The case analysis Remote Sensing and CBT was carried out by Banerjee and Smiriti Kumari (2009). x CBT takes into account the ecological appeal, restoration and creation of natural resources and therefore is a rural culture-based tourism. x The principal objective is to protect the environment by generating income, education and tourists' leisure, rendering it useful to local residents. x In their research the possible village Eco tourism sites in East India are being identified using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in the West Midnapore, West Bengal dominate forest area. 43 CHAPTER 3: METERIALS & METHODS/RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction: As a fastest-growing businesses, travel and tourism, is a key source of foreign money for many developing nations. As an output of tourism, employment, poverty reduction, and sustainable human development have all been achieved. Most nations are taking notice of the growing economic significance of tourism. Cultural and ecological diversity are at risk because of the rise of global tourism. There is a rising market for CBT, which has the potential to be a powerful instrument for sustainable development. Environmental conservation, tourist education, and community benefit are all hallmarks of ecotourism. This chapter explains how to do research and write a thesis in a step-by-step manner. Research design, sampling framework, data collecting and data analysis are all explained in depth in this section, as well as data interpretation and data analysis methodologies used in the study's data gathering process. Also included are a discussion of the study's relevance, obstacles in doing research, and the study's limitations. There is a lot of potential for CBT development in the Dooars region. Tea gardens abound, but the region's deep woods, home to the region's most diverse collection of mega fauna and flora, are the region's primary source of eco-tourism revenue. However, despite this, the area is lagging behind in the development of CBT. The area's biodiversity is underutilised because of poor infrastructure, a lack of political will, and economic mismanagement, and the aims of eco-tourism in Dooars has not been accomplished because of these issues. Tarai and Dooars are two distinct regions that may be found on each side of the Teesta River, which has separated the area. However, the eastern Dooars is located in the state of Assam, and this Dooars is the western Dooars. 44 3.2 Research Design: x This study is based on a well-balanced strategy that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data. x A study approach and the observational method have been used in qualitative research. x A focus group discussion (FGD) and an in-depth interview are used to obtain primary data in qualitative research. 3.3 Data Sources: 3.3.1 Primary data: Primary data is collected through two types of questionnaire, a) Host Community. b) Tourists. 3.3.2:Secondary data: National and international tourism literatures, Research Publications, facts and statistics, of Tourism & Hospitality Associations such as UNWTO, IATA, IATO, TAAI, Bengal chamber of Commerce, Tourism Department, Govt. of India, Govt. of West Bengal, India Tourism & others publications on CBT are the major sources of secondary data collection in this research. x Public library collections, Media stories in newspapers, are also the source of Secondary Data. x Ssecondary data collection done via the use of internet, databases related to tourism. Case study analysis has made use of secondary data. 3.4 Sample Size: ƒ For Host Community followed by survey and covered all 100 House hold owners and for tourists (400), followed by the random sampling system. ƒ Open-ended and closed-ended questions are used in an organized manner throughout the survey. ƒ Total tourist population size is 40000. As per Krejcie & Morgan 1970 sample ling format, the total sample size is 380, we have taken 400(sample size) respondents for the study. ƒ Once the sample frame is defined and sample method selected. Non-parametric statistical methods and tools are often used to evaluate. 45 3.5 Data Analysis Tool: After receiving the quantitative data, it has been categorized, processed, coded, and validated (data validation) in accordance with the data processing statistical software's requirements. Cronbach's alpha test was used in this research to demonstrate the validity of the results. To support the investigation, normalization and standardization were carried out. SPSS (version 22) software was used to perform statistical analyses on the obtained data,which included the use of several statistical tools (including frequency tables, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and factor analysis) in order to draw conclusions . For qualitative analysis of data, Likert Five Point Scale has been employed. Sig-value (i.e. pvalue) is being evaluated since the most typical practice is to declare the significance level of the probability value. If a statistically significant difference is detected, the significance level is a statement of the likelihood that this difference was caused by chance. 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 are the most often used statistical significance thresholds. 46 CHAPTER 4: DATAANALYSIS / RESULT / DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction: Tourism means the activities of people identified as tourists. The creation of jobs and longterm human development are two goals of community-based tourism. • Economic Contribution of community-based tourism's to the Dooars region of North Bengal has decreased since the outbreak. • It had strength for significant development instrument before the pandemic period and was a market that was rapidly expanding. •Community-based tourism is nature-based tourism, which emphasizes the equality of people and the natural world and promotes economic growth through tourism that is sustainable, environmentally friendly, and rich in biodiversity. •This chapter begins with the data analysis, which comprises the descriptive analysis, presented detailed Dooars Region of North Bengal. •The analysis was done using T-test, ANOVA, Coefficient of correlation and variances, Principal Component Analysis and KMO and Bartlett's Test. 4.2 Data Analysis/Interpretation/Result: 4.2.1 Cronbach’s Test (Primary Data): Cronbach’s alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group. It is considered for measuring the scale reliability. When number increase the number of items also increase, in Cronbach’s alpha. Additionally, if the average inter-item correlation is low, alpha will be low. As the average inter-item correlation increases, Cronbach’s alpha increases as well. Table:4.1 Cronbach's Reliability Statistics of Community Resident Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.871 30 47 Interpretation: In our study, the value of the questionnaires (0.871), this is higher than the threshold of 0.70 and falls within the range of 0.70 to 0.90, indicating that the questionnaires are reliable and valid for the community’s residents. Table:4.2 Cronbach's Reliability Statistics of Tourist Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.777 27 Interpretation: While our questionnaires' value of 0.777 is greater than 0.70 and falls within the typical range of 0.70 to 0.90, it is clear from our study's results that the questionnaires are reliable and valid for usage with tourists. 4.2.2 Croanbach’s Test (Secondary Data): Table:4.3 Cronbach's Reliability Statistics of Community Residents Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.860 12 Interpretation: Our study's result of 0.86 suggests that our questionnaires are valid and reliable for the community's residents because it is greater than the normal threshold of 0.70 and falls within the range of 0.70 to 0.90. Table: 4.4 Cronbach's Reliability Statistics of Tourist Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.780 24 Interpretation: Our study's score of 0.78 suggests that our questionnaires are valid and reliable for use with tourists because it is greater than the threshold of 0.70 and falls within the standard range of 0.70 to 0.90. 48 4.2.3 Frequency and percentage analysis of Community Residents (Primary data): Table 4.5: Frequency and percentage analysis on respondent’s Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 56 56.0 Female 44 44.0 Total 100 100.0 Male, 56, 28% Total 100 Female 44 44% Male Female Total Figure 4.1: Pie chart on Respondent’s Gender Interpretation: Among the Community Residents No. of Males are higher than Female and the percentage of female is 44%, Though the no of Females are less then Male, But females are equally active in community based tourism Participation. Table 4.6: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Age Age Frequency Percentage Below 15 15 15.0 16 – 30 40 40.0 31-45 20 20.0 46 -60 18 18.0 Above 60 7 7.0 Total 100 100.0 Age Below 15, 15, 7% 16 – 30, 40, 20% Total 100 Below 15 16 – 30 31-45 Above 60, 7, 4% 46 -60, 18, 9% 31-45, 20, 10% 46 -60 Above 60 Figure 4.2: Pie chart on Respondent’s Age 49 Interpretation: Overall 78% of the population belongs to the age group of 16-60 years. 60% of the population comes under the younger generation in-between the age group of 16-45 years. So the observation shows that, the community based tourism in this villages is mostly depends on the participation of younger generation with their active involvement. Table 4.7: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Caste Caste Frequency Percentage General 60 60.0 OBC 12 12.0 Minority 10 10.0 SC 11 11.0 ST 7 7.0 Total 100 100.0 Caste General Total 100 General, 60, 30% OBC Minority SC OBC , 12, 6% Minority, ST, 7, 4% SC, 11, 5% 10, 5% ST Total Figure 4.3: Pie chart on Respondent’s Caste Interpretation: Observation shows that 60% of residents , comes under General caste, and it is observed that the Minority, SC, ST& OBC is also carry a good cumulative percentage, (40%) & they all are equally involved in community based tourism Table 4.8: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Nationality Nationality Frequency Percentage Indian 100 100.0 Total 100 100.0 50 Nationality Frequency Percentage Percentage 100 Indian 100 Figure 4.4: Pie chart on Respondent’s Nationality Interpretation: The above table and chart indicate that, in total 100 respondents, all are Indian. Table 4.9: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Marital Status Marital Status Frequency Percentage Married 35 35.0 Un married 65 65.0 Total 100 100.0 Married, 35, 35% Un married, 65, 65% Married Un married Figure 4.5: Pie chart on Respondent’s Marital Status Interpretation: The table and chart indicate that, No of Unmarried people are higher than Married .The difference is 30%. The chart is matched with the age group where maximum residents are between age group of 16-30 years, but both are equally participate in community based tourism. 51 Table 4.10: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Educational Qualification Educational Frequency Percentage Below Graduate 54 54.0 Graduate 23 23.0 Post-Graduate 18 18.0 Doctorate 3 3.0 Under Metric 2 2.0 Total 100 100.0 Qualification Educational Qualification Total 100 Below Graduate, 54, 27% Below Graduate Graduate Graduate, 23, Post- 11% Graduate, 18, 9% Post-Graduate Doctorate Under Metric Total Doctorate, 3, 2% Under Metric , 2, 1% Figure 4.6: Pie chart on Respondent’s Education Interpretation: Educational qualification of maximum residents of the villagers is below graduate. But some of the residents are also graduates and post graduates. So overall they are educated, and it’s a positive resource for the development and activity of community based tourism. 52 Table 4.11: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Employment status Employment Status Frequency Percentage Seasonal employee 54 54.0 Govt.Employee Unemployed Businessman Private Employee Total 18 10 10 8 100 18.0 10.0 10.0 8 100.0 Seasonal Employment Status Employee 54 54% Total 100 Govt.Employe e 18 18% Private Employee 8 8% Businessman Unemployed 10 10 10% 10% Figure 4.7: Pie chart on Respondent’s Employment status Interpretation: Half of the residents of the villages are Seasonal Employee. Percentage of Employed persons including Government & private is one fourth. Total earning persons percentage is 90%. So observation shows that the financial condition of the villagers is stable. Table 4.12: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s Family annual income. Family annual income Frequency Percentage Less than – 1 Lac 8 8.0 1 lac–2 Lac 2 Lac – 3 Lac 12 31 12.0 31.0 3 Lac – 4 Lac 41 41.0 Above 4 Lac. 8 8.0 Total 100 100.0 53 Less Family Annual Income than – 1 Lac 1 lac–2 Lac 12 8 12% 8% 2 Lac – 3 Lac 31 31% Total 100 3 Lac – 4 Lac 41 41% Above 4 Lac. 8 8% Figure 4.8: Pie chart on Family annual income. Interpretation: Annual Income of the 41% families is in-between 3-4 Lac. Subsequently 31%families annual income is in between 2-3Lac. 8% families, annual income is above 4 lacks. Annual income of 72% families is in-between 2-4Lac.41% of residents annual income is in-between 3-4Lacs.So observation shows that the average annual income of the village residents is average. Table 4.13: Frequency and percentage analysis on Respondent’s response on How do you welcome your tourists? How do you welcome your tourists Frequency Percentage Garlanding 35 35.0 Tilak/ Khada 20 20.0 Welcome Drinks 37 37.0 Traditional dance 7 7.0 Others 1 1.0 Total 100 100.0 54 How Do you welcome your tourists Garlanding 35 35% Tilak/khada 20 20% Garlanding Total 100 Tilak/khada Welcome Drinks Traditional dance Others Traditional dance Others , 1, 1% 7 7% Total Welcome Drinks 37 37% Figure 4.9: Pie chart on Respondent’s response on how you welcome your tourists. Interpretation: The table and chart indicate that, overall half of the residents are follow the Garlanding, Tiak/Khada, for welcoming the guest. Some of the residents are like to follow providing a welcome drinks to welcome the guest. All welcome techniques are very unique and delegate methods to respect and welcome someone, which also helps to create a good relation with the guest, and to make him familiar. Table 4.14: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about Rate the facilities provided by the community residents. Facilities Strongly Agree Agree Nor Agree/Nor Disagree Strongly Disagree Disagree We consider Guest as God 59 32 7 3 2 Dooars has good potential to attract tourists 60 21 9 4 6 Our tradition and culture are different from other villages offering CBT 34 52 5 4 5 We provide the good ambience to the tourists 32 52 5 7 4 Cleanliness and Hygiene are well taken care of 32 34 7 11 16 We offer unique experience to tourist 28 51 10 9 2 Tourism is a good for our community 44 41 5 6 4 55 70 60 59 60 50 44 40 34 Strongly Agree 32 32 28 30 Agree 20 Nor Agree/Nor Disagree 10 Strongly Disagree 0 We consider Dooars has Our We provide Cleanliness We offer Tourism is a tradition and the good and Hygiene unique good for our good Guest as potential to culture are ambience to are well experience community God different the tourists taken care of to tourist attract from other tourists villages offering CBT Disagree Figure 4.10: Bar chart on question about Rate the facilities provided by the community residents. Interpretation: The graph and table above shows that the majority of respondents support the service being offered by community residents. Maximum Residents are agreed with the point that Dooars has a good potentiality to attract tourist and they consider the guest as a God. All these are the positive point for the benefits of Community Tourism. Table4.15: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about CBT. Sl No 1 2 3 4 5 6 CBT We are willing to work as a team to start tourism initiatives CBT Creating employment Support equitable distribution of revenue for all Participants in CBT, Of Dooars Region Incomes of villagers have increased Roads have been developed for tourists Recreational facilities have come up like guest house, café, small Nor Strongly Agree/ Strongly Agree Disagree Agree Nor Disagree Disagree 62 30 5 48 41 11 27 48 8 44 32 24 29 42 20 9 57 34 6 3 56 3 17 exhibition ground and hall 7 Tourism has helped us in preserving and promoting our uniqueness of Dooars 42 49 7 2 8 We take pride for developing Dooars for CBT 46 44 7 3 9 Bad behaviour such as thefts, alcoholism, and drug abuse has increased with tourism 36 31 23 9 10 Village is becoming crowded due to tourist flow in Peck season 39 49 6 6 11 We as community can manage the tourist resources 36 52 4 8 12 We have home stays facilities with traditional local food for tourists in our Dooars 38 35 12 5 1 70 62 57 60 48 No of Respondents 50 Strongly Agree 46 44 42 39 40 36 36 29 27 30 38 Agree Nor Agree/ Nor Disagree 20 Disagree 10 Strongly Disagree 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CBT Figure 4.11: Bar chart on question about CBT 57 Interpretation: The Bar Chart shows that the majority of respondents support the questions about CBT, where maximum residents agreed with the point like “we are willing to work as a team and “Income of villages is increased”, Recreational facilities have come up, and all these are the positive point for the benefits of Community Tourism. 4.2.4 Frequency and percentage analysis of Tourists (Primary data): Table 4.16: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 282 70.5 Female 118 29.5 Trans Gender 0 0 Total 400 100.0 Gender (Tourists) Total 400 Male Male, 282, 35% Female Female, 118, 15% Trans Gender Total Trans Gender, 0, 0% Figure 4.12: Pie chart on Tourist Gender Interpretation: The table and chart indicate that among the tourists , No. of Males are higher than Female and the percentage of Male is 70.5%, so there is 40% difference in-between the ratio of Male &Female. Though the no of Female tourists are less than Male, But females are equal interested in community based tourism and Tour. Table 4.17: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Age. Age Frequency Percentage Below 15 61 15.0 15-30 122 31.0 58 31-45 101 25.0 46 -60 72 19.0 Above 60 44 11.0 Total 400 100.0 Age Below 15, 61, 8% Below 15 15-30, 122, 15% Total 400 15-30 31-45 31-45, 101, 13% 46 -60, 72, 9% Abov e 60, 44, 5% 46 -60 Above 60 Figure: 4.13: Pie chart on Tourist Age. Interpretation: The table and chart indicate that, total 71% of the residents are in the age group in-between 15-45, so the observation shows that the younger generations are basically involved for the Community base tourism activity in the villages and it’s a positive sign for the growth of the community tourism of the villages. Table 4.18: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Caste. Caste General SC ST Minority OBC Total Frequency 243 35 35 67 20 400 Percentage 60.8 8.5 8.5 16.8 5.0 100.0 Caste Total 400 General, 243, 31% General SC, 35, 4% ST, 35, 4% Minority, 67, 8% OBC , 20, 3% Figure 4.14: Pie chart on Tourist Caste 59 SC ST . Interpretation: The table and chart indicates that there are 60.8% of tourists , comes under the General caste, and it is observed that the Minority, SC, ST& OBC is also carry a good cumulative percentage, (39%) & they both are equally involved in community based tourism. Table 4.19: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Nationality. Nationality Indian Total Frequency 400 400 Percentage 100.0 100.0 Nationality(Indian) Frequency 100 Percentage 400(Indian) Figure 4.15: Pie chart on Tourist Nationality. Interpretation: The above table and chart indicate that, total 400 tourist all of them had nationality is Indian. Table 4.20: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Marital Status. Marital status Frequency Percentage Married 207 51.8 Un Married 193 48.3 Total 400 100.0 Marital Status Un Married, 193, 48% Married, 207, 52% Married Un Married Figure 4.16: Pie chart on Tourist Marital Status. 60 Interpretation: The above table and chart indicate that, total 400 tourist among them, 207 (51.8%) tourist are married and remaining 193 (48.3%) tourist are un married. The percentage of Unmarried tourist is 3.5% high. Table 4.21: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Educational Qualification. Education Frequency Percentage Non Metric 35 8.7 Below Graduate 94 23.5 Graduate 150 37.5 Post-Graduate 98 24.5 Doctorate 23 5.8 Total 400 100.0 Educational Qualification Non Metric , 35, Below Graduate, 94, 4% 12% Graduate, 150, 19% Total 400 Non Metric Below Graduate Graduate PostGraduate Post-Graduate, 98, 12% Doctorate, 23, 3% Doctorate Total Figure 4.17: Pie chart on Tourist Education. Interpretation: The table and chart indicate that. The maximum tourists are educated from the level below graduate to Doctorate. Only 8.7% of the tourists are Non matric. 61 Table 4.22: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist Employment status. Employment Status Frequency Percentage Seasonal Employee 112 28.0 Employed 138 34.5 Unemployed 115 28.8 Self Employed 3 .8 Entrepreneur 32 8.0 Total 400 100.0 Frequency, Frequency, Employement Status Self Entrepreneur, Employed, 32, 8% 3, 1% Frequency, Frequency Seasonal Employee 112 28% Unemployed, 115, 29% Frequency, Employed, 138, 34% Figure 4.18: Pie chart on Tourist Employment status. Interpretation: Total percentage of employed tourist including, Govt & Private employee, Seasonal employee, self-employee, are 63%. Total earning persons percentage is 71%.Among the tourists only 28.8% are unemployed. So observation shows the most of the tourists are come under the earning category. Table 4.23: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about how many times a year do you usually visit Dooars. How many times a year do you usually visit Dooars One Two Three Four Ones in every two years Total 62 Frequency 124 102 55 41 78 400 Percentage 31.0 25.5 13.8 10.3 20.0 100.0 How many times a year do you usually visit Dooars. One, 124, 15% Two, 102, 13% One Total 400 Two Three Four Ones in every two years Four, Ones in every 41, two years , 78, 5% 10% Total Three, 55, 7% Figure 4.19: Pie chart on question about how many times a year do you usually visit Dooars. Interpretation: According to the aforementioned table and graph, 400 tourists in total among them inquired about how frequently they typically visit the Dooars tourist responses region. 131 said "one," 173 "two," 55 "three," and the final 41 "four times." Table 4.24: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about what is the source of Information for your holidays. Source of Information for your holidays Travel Agent Tour Operator Internet Print Media Family/Friends Total Travel Agent, 13, 1% Total 400 Frequency 13 110 127 61 89 400 Sources of Information Tour Operator, 110, 14% Internet, 127, 16% Percentage 3.3 27.5 31.8 15.2 22.3 100.0 Travel Agent Tour Operator Internet Print Media Print Media , 61, 8% Family/Friend s, 89, 11% Family/Frie nds Total Figure 4.20: Pie chart on question about what is the source of Information for your holidays. 63 Interpretation: Most of the Tourists choose the internet, for getting the information on Tourists Spots. A valuable percentage of tourists also choose the tour operator for getting information on tourist’s spots. So observation shows that the internet & tour operator plays an active role for the booking, & information regarding the Dooars Tourist spots. Table 4.25: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about what do you expect in a CBT holiday of Dooars. What do you expect in a CBT holiday of Dooars Frequency Percentage Visiting remote areas 109 27.3 Visiting popular places 151 37.8 Visiting Adventurous places 113 28.3 Cultural heritage 21 5.3 Religious 6 1.5 Total 400 100.0 What do you expect in a CBT holiday of Dooars Cultural heritage, 21 Religious, 6 Visiting Adventurous places, 113 Visiting remote areas, 109 Visiting remote areas Visiting popular places Visiting popular places, 151 Visiting Adventurous places Cultural heritage Religious Figure 4.21: Pie chart on question about what do you expect in a CBT holiday of Dooars. Interpretation: Most of the Tourists recommended visiting popular, Adventurous, & remote areas. Some of the tourists also recommended visiting the religious & cultural heritage. So observation shows that tourists are interested to involve & participate in all kinds of tourism activity. 64 Table 4.26: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about have you ever heard about Dooars of North Bengal before. Have you ever heard about Dooars of North Bengal Frequency Percentage Yes 372 93.0 No 28 7.0 Total 400 100.0 before Have you everNo, heard about Dooars of North Bengal before 28, 7% Yes No Yes, 372, 93% Figure 4.22: Pie chart on question about Have you ever heard about Dooars of North Bengal before. Interpretation: 400 tourists in all responded to the question "Have you ever heard about Dooars of North Bengal before" as follows: 372 people responded said "Yes," while 28 others said "No." Table4.27: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about is this first such holiday. Is this your first such Frequency Percentage Yes 230 57.5 No 170 42.5 Total 400 100.0 holiday 65 Is this your first such holiday No, 170, 43% Yes No Yes, 230, 57% Figure 4.23: Pie chart on question about is this first such holiday. Interpretation: 400 tourists in all responded to the question "Is this your first such holiday" as follows: 230 people responded said "Yes," while 170 others said "No." Table 4.28: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about what is the main purpose of your visit. What is the main purpose of your visit Frequency Percentage Rural 69 17.3 Community Tourism 206 51.5 Adventure 30 7.5 Cultural 25 6.2 Leisure 70 17.5 Total 400 100.0 Purpose of Visit. Rural, 69, 8% Community Rural Tourism, 206, 26% Community Tourism Adventure Total 400 Cultural Leisure Cultural , 25, 3% Adventur Leisure, 70, e , 30, 9% 4% Total Figure 4.24: Pie chart on question about what is the main purpose of your visit. 66 Interpretation: Most of the tourist recommended, Community tourism, as a main purpose for their visit. Some of the tourist also recommended rural, leisure, and cultural tourism as a purpose of their visit. So observation shows that all tourists are came to visit Doors to enjo y and feel the various forms of tourism as community, leisure, adventure & cultural. Table 4.29: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about Activities you involved by tourist. Activities involved by tourist Frequency Percentage Traditional games and sports 59 14.8 Interaction with the home stay family 126 31.5 Experiencing Local traditional culture, & Food 64 16.0 Experiencing Community based tourism activities 32 8.0 All of these 119 29.8 Total 400 100.0 Activities involved by tourist 126 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 119 64 59 32 Traditional games and sports Interaction with the homestay family Experiencing Experiencing All of these Local Community traditional based tourism culture, & activities Food Figure 4.25: Bar chart on question about Activities you involved by tourist. Interpretation: Most of the tourist’s response to their involvement in the activity of, interaction with the home stays family, and experiencing local traditional culture & food. Rest of the tourist’s answer that they involved the other activities like experiencing community based tourism, traditional games. A good number of tourists also responses to their involvement in all the activities. So observation shows that all tourists are involved in the maximum activities. 67 Table 4.30: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about are you travelling alone or in a group/ family: Are you travelling alone or in a group/ family Frequency Percentage Alone 172 43.0 Group/ Family 228 57.0 Total 400 100.0 Are you travelling alone or in a group/ family. Group/ Family, 228, 57% Alone Alone, 172, 43% Group/ Family Figure 4.26: Pie chart on question about is you travelling alone or in a group/ family. Interpretation:400 tourists in all responded to the question "Are you travelling alone or in a group/family" as follows: 172 people responded "Alone," while 228 others said "group/family". Table 4.31: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about how long will you stay here. How long will tourist stay here Frequency Percentage One Night 39 9.8 Two Nights 238 59.5 Three Nights 96 24.0 Four Nights 20 5.0. More than Four Nights 7 1.7 Total 400 100.0 68 More than Four Nights 400 Total 300 200 Total More than Four Nights 100 0 20 5.0. 96 24 238 59.5 39 9.8 Frequency Percentage Figure 4.27: Bar chart on question about how long will you stay here. Interpretation: Most of the tourists prefer to stay more than one night. A valuable percentage of Tourists also prefer to stay more than two nights. So observation shows that, the stay period of tourists is standard. Table 4.32: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about Rate the Activities/ facilities provided by the local community. Activities/ facilities Very Good Good Average Accommodation 99 166 135 Poor Transportation 92 159 126 Availability of information 44 206 150 Behaviour of the community Resident 67 151 139 Electricity 71 212 117 Drinking water 52 259 69 20 Cleanness and hygiene 54 248 89 9 69 23 43 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Accommodation Transportation Availability of information Very Good Behavior of the community Resident Good Electricity Drinking water Average Poor Cleanness and hygiene Figure 4.28: Bar chart on question about Rate the Activities/ facilities provided by the local community. Interpretation: The aforementioned table and graph show the activities and facilities offered by the local population to a total of 400 tourists; of these, 166 said the accommodations were good 135 said they were average, and the remaining 99 said they were very good. Regarding transportation facility, 159 visitors rated it as good, 126 as average, 92 as very good, and the remaining 23 said as a poor. There is a good availability of information, according to 206 tourists, an average availability of information, according to 150 tourists, and a very good availability of information, according to the remaining 44 tourists said a very good availability of information. In terms of the behaviour of the community residents, 151 tourists reported that the residents had good behaviour, 139 tourists reported that the residents had average behaviour, 67 tourists reported that the residents had very good behaviour, and the remaining 43 tourists reported that the residents had poor behaviour. Regarding the quality of the electricity, 212 visitors rated it as good, 117 visitors rated it as average, and the final 71 visitors rated it as very good. In terms of the availability of drinking water, 259 visitors rated the facility as good, 59 visitors rated it as average, 52 visitors rated it as very good, and the remaining 20 visitors rate d it as poor. In terms of cleanliness and hygienic conditions, 248 visitors rated the facility as good, 89 visitors rated it as medium, 54 visitors rated it as very good, and the final 9 visitors rated it as poor. 70 Table 4.33: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about overall experience about tourist. Neither Strongly Questions Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Agree/ Disagree Nor Disagree I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. The trip exceeded my expectations, and I will highly suggest it to my friends and family. I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. The tradition and culture of Dooars is unique. I am happy with the quality of food & Hygiene Standard 72 212 54 58 4 40 235 75 8 2 87 234 56 21 2 101 229 39 27 4 103 227 41 25 4 250 I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. 200 The trip exceeded my expectations, and I will highly suggest it to my friends and family. 150 I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. 100 The tradition and culture of Dooars is unique. 50 0 Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Nither agree/ Nor Disagree I am happy with the quality of food & Hygiene Standard Figure 4.29: Bar chart on question about overall experience about tourist. Interpretation: The aforementioned table and graph depict the overall experiences of 400 tourists; when asked if they would like to return to this location, 66 tourists greatly agree, 260 tourists agree, 54 tourists disagree, and the remaining 20 tourist severely disagree. When 71 asked if their trip exceeded their expectations, 235 tourists said yes, 40 tourists greatly agreed, and the remaining 125 tourists disagreed. 87 tourists strongly agree, 234 tourists agree, 56 tourists disagree, and the final 23 tourists severely disagree when asked if they would suggest to friends or relatives to this tourist place. When asked if the traditions and culture of the Dooars are unique, 132 tourists strongly agree, 229 tourists agree, and 39 tourists disagree. 4.2.5 Frequency and percentage analysis on community Residents (Secondary data). Table 4.34: Frequency and percentage analysis on respondent’s response on different statement. Statement Yes No Is tourism good for the community 95 5 Do you personally benefit from tourism 91 9 81 19 91 9 80 20 Does anyone else in your household benefit from tourism Does the broader community gets benefit from tourism Does the Villages of Dooars gets benefits from Tourism 100 95 91 90 91 81 80 80 70 60 50 40 Yes 30 No 20 10 0 Is tourism good for the community Do you personally benefit from tourism Does anyone Does the broader Does the else in your community gets Villages of household benefit from Dooars gets benefit from tourism benefits from tourism Tourism Figure 4.30: Bar chart on respondent’s response on different statement. 72 Interpretation: The aforementioned table and bar graph show that out of a total of 100 respondents, 100% of them responded positively to the question "Is tourism good for the community". When asked whether they personally benefited from tourism, 91 percent of respondents said yes, while the other 9 said no.81 percent of respondents who were asked if anyone else in their household benefited from tourism replied yes, while the remaining 19 respondents no. When asked Does the broader community benefit from tourism, 91 percent of respondents said yes, while the other 9 said no. Table 4.35: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about respondent’s response on different statement. Questions Does tourism generate jobs for residents? Does tourism aid in obtaining infrastructure and services for the community? (e.g. roads ,schools, clinics) Does tourism lead to an increase in crafts and cultural activities? Strongly Agree Neither Agree Agree/ Nor Disagree Disagree 29 42 20 9 57 34 6 3 42 49 7 2 44 7 3 36 31 23 9 39 49 6 6 36 52 4 8 48 35 12 5 Does tourism use resources like 46 water and firewood that people need? Does the neighbourhood have any influence over tourism? Does the tourism project offer any skill-training opportunities to the locals? Does the tourism project provide community residents with any education about nature and culture? Participates the community in local conservation initiatives? 73 Strongly Disagree 1 60 50 40 30 Strongly Agree 20 Agree 10 Neutral 0 Disagree Strongly Disagree Fig 4.31: Bar chart on question about respondent’s response on different statement. Interpretation: According to the aforementioned table and graph, which show the aggregate experiences of 100 respondents, 29 highly agree, 42 agree, 20 disagree, and the remaining 9 strongly disagree that tourism creates jobs for locals. When asked if tourism aids in the community's acquisition of infrastructure and services (such as roads, schools, and clinics), 57 respondents strongly agreed, 34 agreed, 6 disagreed, and the final 3 severely disagreed. When asked Does tourism leads to an increase in crafts and cultural activities? 42 respondents strongly agree, 49 respondents agree, 7 respondents disagree and the remaining 2 respondents stronglydisagree.46 respondents highly agreed, 44 agreed, 7 disagreed, and the remaining 3 strongly disagreed when asked whether tourism uses the resources people require, such as firewood and water. In response to the question, "Does the community have influence over tourism?," 36 people highly agreed, 31 agreed, 23 disagreed, 9 strongly disagreed, and 1 very disagreed.39 respondents highly agree, 49 agree, 6 disagree, and the remaining 6 strongly disagree when asked if community residents gain any skill training from the tourism endeavour. Answers to the question "Do community residents gain any instruction in nature and culture through the tourism endeavour" fell into the following categories: 36 highly agree, 52 agree, 4 disagree, and the remaining 8 severely disagree.48 respondents highly agreed, 35 agreed, 12 disagreed, and the remaining 5 strongly disagreed when asked if the community participated in local conservation projects. 74 4.2.6: Frequency and percentage analysis on Tourist (Secondary data). Table 4.36: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about Where did you hear about this tourist destination. Where did you learn about this holiday spot? Books and manuals A fair or an exhibition Media kinship relationships I was already aware of it Media The online travel company Total Frequency 33 Percent 8.3 34 33 100 34 33 100 400 8.5 8.3 25.0 8.5 8.3 25.0 100.0 Books and manuals A fair or an Books and manuals exhibition 34 33 Media 5% 4% 33 4% A fair or an exhibition Media kinship, relationships 100 13% Total 400 I was already aware of it Media 34 33 5% 4% The online travel company 100 13% kinship, relationships I was already aware of it Media The online travel company Total Figure 4.32: Pie chart on question about where you heard about this tourist destination. Interpretation: Out of 400 visitors, 33 said they learned about the destination from books an guides, 34 from fairs and/or exhibitions, 33 from friends and family, 100 said they already kn ow about it, 34 said it was included in their travel package, 33 said it was through the media, 100 said it was through the internet, and the remaining 33 said they learned about it through a travel agency. 75 Table 4.37: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about is this first visit to this tourist destination. Is this your first visit to this tourist destination Yes No Total Frequency 300 100 400 Percent 75.0 25.0 100.0 Is this your first visit to this tourist destination Yes No, 100, 25% No Yes, 300, 75% Figure 4.33: Pie chart on question about is this first visit to this tourist destination. Interpretation: 400 tourists in all responded to the question "Is this your first visit to this tourist destination" as follows: 300 people responded said "Yes," while 100 others said "No." Table 4.38: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about what primary motivations brought you to this tourism location? What drove you to visit this tourism spot, primarily? Attending a lecture, conference, or other educational event. Business reasons. Frequency 45 45 Percent 11.3 11.3 Culture. 44 11.0 Fun. 44 11.0 Health. 44 11.0 Religious reasons. 44 11.0 Rest and relaxation. 45 11.3 Sports and recreation. 44 11.0 Visiting relatives and friends. 45 11.3 Total 400 100.0 76 What are the main reasons for your visit to this tourist destination 45 44.8 44.6 44.4 44.2 44 43.8 43.6 43.4 Attending a Business conference, reasons. congress, seminar, and other forms of educations. Culture. Fun. Health. Religious reasons. Rest and Sports and relaxation. recreation. Visiting relatives and friends. Figure 4.34: Bar chart on question about what primary motivations brought you to this tourism location? Interpretation: Out of 400 visitors who were asked, "What are the primary motives behind your visit to this tourist location, attending a conference, congress, seminar, and other educational events. 45 responded. 45 replied, " Business reasons,44 replied, " Culture, 44 replied, " Fun, 44 replied, " Health," 44 replied, " Religious reasons," 45 said, " Rest and relaxation," 44 said, " Sports and recreation," and the remaining 45 said, " Visiting relatives and friends. Table 4.39: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about was a travel agency or another organiser responsible for arranging your vacation to this tourist destination? Was your vacation to this holiday spot Frequency Percent Yes 300 75.0 No 100 25.0 Total 400 100.0 planned by a travel agency or another individual? 77 Was your trip to this tourist destination organized by a travel agency / another organizer. No, 100, 25% Yes No Yes, 300, 75% Figure 4.35: Pie chart on question about was a travel agency or another organiser responsible for arranging your vacation to this tourist destination? Interpretation: 400 tourists in all responded to this is your first time visiting this tourist location? As follows: 300 people responded said "Yes," while 100 others said "No." Table 4.40: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about how often do you go on holidays lasting at least 5 years? How often do you go on holidays lasting at least 5 years? Frequency Percent Once a year. 112 30 More than 1 times a year. 87 22 Several times (2-4 times) a year 64 15 After every 2 years. 86 20 After every 5 years 51 13 Total 400 100.0 78 Frequency, How often do you go on holidays lasting at least 5 days?, 0 How often do you go on holidays lasting at least 5 days? Frequency, Once a Frequency, , 0 year., 112 Frequency, More than 1 times a year., 87 Frequency, Total, 400 Once a year. More than 1 times a year. Frequency, Several times (2-4 times) a year, 64 Frequency, After Frequency, . After every 5 years, 51 Several times (2-4 times) a year After every 2 years. every 2 years., 86 . After every 5 years Figure 4.36: Pie chart on question about how often do you go on holidays lasting at least 5 days? Interpretation: Out of 400 visitors who were asked, "What are the main reasons for your visit to this tourist destination, 97 replied, " Every few years , 94 replied, More than 4 times a year, 106 replied, " Once a year and remaining 103 said, " Several times (2-4 times) a year." Table 4.41: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about who is currently travelling with you to this tourist location? Who is with you at this time when you are Frequency Percent Business partners 74 18.5 Co-workers 71 17.8 Family and /or relatives 63 15.8 Friends 62 15.5 No one 69 17.3 Partner 61 15.3 Total 400 100.0 visiting this tourist location? 79 Business partners, 74 Business partners Co-workers Co-workers, 71 Family and /or relatives, 63 Total, 400 Family and /or relatives Friends Friends, 62 Partner, 61 No one, 69 No one Partner Total Figure 4.37: Pie chart on question about who is with you at this time when you are visiting this tourist location? Interpretation: Out of 400 visitors who were asked, "Who is with you at this time as you visit this tourist location, 74 replied, "Business partners,71 replied, " Co-workers, 63 replied, " Family and /or relatives, 62 replied, " Friends," 69 replied, " No one," and the remaining 61 said, " Partner." Table 4.42: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about the overall standard of this tourist site. The overall standard of this tourist site Frequency Percent very low Low 35 40 8.75 10.0 very high 164 41.0 High 112 28.0 Medium 49 12.25 Total 400 Overall Standard of the Tourist Sites very low, 35, 4% Low , 40, 5% very high, 164, 21% Total , 400, 50% 100 very low Low very high High High , 112, 14% Medium , 49, 6% Medium Total Figure 4.38: Pie chart on question about this tourist destination's overall level of quality. 80 Interpretation: Out of 400 visitors who were asked, "This tourism destination's overall quality is, 216 replied, " very low , 164 replied, very high, and remaining 20 said, " I don’t know." Table 4.43: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about overall experience about tourist. Nor Questions Strongly Agree Agree Agree/ Nor Disagree Strongly Disagree Disagree I believe the majority of people see this tourist attraction favourably. The staff at this tourist attraction treats visitors with respect. 236 128 28 280 84 36 This holiday spot has a distinctive reputation. 136 224 40 I believe that this holiday spot is well-liked. 156 208 28 8 This tourism destination's personnel consistently prioritises the needs of its visitors, and it respects the surrounding environment. 148 136 92 24 It was simple to make a reservation at this tourist attraction. 112 204 76 8 Overall, my time spent in this tourist destination has been quite beneficial to me. I have learned a lot and experienced many new things here. 252 148 How satisfied are you with your trip to this tourist location overall? 71 212 117 If I had to pick again, I would go to this tourist location, and I will tell my friends and family about it. 52 259 69 20 Reaching the destination is simple. 54 248 89 9 Destination cleanliness in general 66 260 54 20 Personal security and safety 372 28 Many historical and cultural landmarks (building, traditions, and customs...) 230 170 Cultural and other activities on offer 69 241 90 I believe the majority of people see this tourist attraction favourably. The staff at this tourist attraction treats visitors with respect. 59 126 64 172 118 This holiday spot has a distinctive reputation. 238 162 81 8 32 119 400 300 200 Strongly Agree 100 Diversity of… Offer of cultural and… Personal safety and… Overall cleanliness of… The destination can be… If I had to decide… I will recommend this… What is your overall… Overall, staying in… I have gained a lot of… This tourist… Making a booking at… The staff at this… This tourist… I think this tourist… The staff at this… I think most people… 0 Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Figure 4.39: Frequency and percentage analysis on question about overall experience about tourist. Interpretation: I believe that most people have a favourable opinion of this tourist destination, as seen by the 400 respondents' responses in the aforementioned table and graph, which show 236 strongly agree, 128 agree, 28 disagree and the rest 8 strongly disagree. 280 people highly agreed, 84 agreed, and 36 disagreed when asked if the staffs at this tourist attraction are nice to the visitors.136 people strongly agreed, 224 agreed, and 40 disagreed in response to the question, "This tourist location has a unique image. "When asked if they though this tourist site was well, liked, 156 respondents highly agreed, 208 agreed, 28 disagreed, and the final 8 strongly disagreed. When asked whether the staffs at this tourist attraction always put the needs of the guests first, 148 respondents highly agreed, 136 agreed, 92 disagreed, and the remaining 24 severely disagreed. When asked whether this travel destination respects the environment, 112 people highly agreed, 204 agreed, 76 disagreed, and the final 8 severely disagreed. Making a reservation at this tourist attraction is simple, according to 252 and 148 respondents, respectively. 71 people strongly agreed, 212 agreed, and 217 objected to the assertion Overall, my time spent in this tourism area has been really beneficial to me. At this tourist destination, I have experienced a lot of new things and learned a lot. area, the question was answered by 52 people strongly agreeing, 259 agreeing, 69 disagreeing, and the remaining 20 respondents severely disagreeing. 54 people highly agree, 248 agree, 89 disagree, and the final 9 strongly disagree when asked how satisfied they were overall with their trip to this tourist area. When asked if they would select this tourist destination again if given the choice, 66 respondents highly agreed, 260 agreed, 54 disagreed, and the final 20 strongly disagreed.372 people strongly agreed and 28 said they would suggest this tourism spot to friends and family when asked. When asked if the destination could be reached easily, 82 230 people agreed and 170 strongly agreed. 17 people highly agreed and 118 agreed when asked about the diversity of cultural/historical attractions (architecture, history, and customs...). Responses to the question "Offer of cultural and other events" ranged from 238 strongly agreeing to 162 agreeing. 241 agreed, 90 disapproved, and 69 people strongly agreed when questioned about the destination's overall cleanliness.126 respondents agreed, 64 respondents were impartial, and 59 respondents strongly agreed when questioned about personal safety and security. 119 respondents strongly disagree, while 32 respondents disagree. 4.2.7: Factor Analysis on community Residents (Primary Data): Table 4.44: KMO and Bartlett's Test on Community Residents (Primary Data) . KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of df Sphericity Sig. .491 1804.736 210 .000 Table 4.45: PCA on Communities: Communalities Guest is regarded as God by us. The potential for tourism in Dooars is high. Unlike other communities that offer CBT, our traditions and culture are unique. For visitors, we offer a pleasant environment. We provide tourists with a distinctive experience, and cleanliness and hygiene are wellmaintained. In our town, tourism is beneficial. We've received instruction on operating tourist attractions. We have no trouble accommodating visitors and providing a range of amenities. To launch tourism initiatives, we are prepared to collaborate. CBT Villagers' incomes have improved as a result of CBT's efforts to create jobs and encourage equitable revenue sharing for all participants. There are now tourist-friendly roads. A guest home, café, modest exhibition ground, and a hall are just a few of the new recreational facilities that have emerged. In order to protect and promote the distinctiveness of the Dooars, tourism has aided us. Dooars for CBT development is something we are proud of. Tourism has led to a rise in negative behaviour like thievery, drinking, and drug use. Initial 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Extraction .727 .837 .793 .633 1.000 .808 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .760 .652 .797 .828 1.000 .734 1.000 .812 1.000 .669 1.000 1.000 .845 .782 1.000 .646 Village is growing crowded as a result of the influx of tourists during The season. As a 1.000 community, we can manage the visitor resources. For tourists visiting our Dooars, we offer home stay accommodations and traditional local 1.000 cuisine. .774 .750 Guest is regarded as God by us. 1.000 .757 The potential for tourism in Dooars is high. Unlike other communities that offer CBT, our traditions and culture are unique. 1.000 1.000 .789 .789 For visitors, we offer a pleasant environment. 1.000 .672 Extraction Method: PCA 83 Table 4.46: Principal Component Analysis (Total Variance Explained): Total Variance Explained Component Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings % of Cumulative % of Cumulative Total Total Variance % Variance % We regard Guest as God. 6.787 32.318 32.318 6.787 32.318 32.318 Dooars has a lot of potential for drawing tourists. 2.700 12.858 45.176 2.700 12.858 45.176 Compared to other communities offering CBT, our traditions and culture are unique. 2.075 9.880 55.055 2.075 9.880 55.055 We give visitors a welcoming atmosphere. 1.663 7.919 62.974 1.663 7.919 62.974 We provide visitors with a unique experience while maintaining cleanliness and hygiene. 1.453 6.917 69.892 1.453 6.917 69.892 For our community, tourism is beneficial. 1.176 5.601 75.493 1.176 5.601 75.493 We have received training to oversee tourism businesses. .997 4.747 80.240 We are capable of handling tourists and providing a range of facilities. .703 3.345 83.586 To launch tourism initiatives, we are prepared to cooperate as a group. .697 3.319 86.905 CBT Villagers' incomes have increased as a result of the creation of jobs and the fair distribution of profits for all CBT participants in the Dooars region. .590 2.810 89.715 For tourists, roads have been created. .574 2.733 92.448 A guest house, café, modest exhibition ground, and a hall are examples of the new recreational facilities. .455 2.167 94.614 Tourism has aided us in protecting and promoting the distinctiveness of .303 the Dooars. 1.443 96.057 By creating Dooars for CBT, we are .252 proud. 1.199 97.255 Initial Eigenvalues 84 Tourism has led to a rise in criminal activity, such as theft, drinking, and .184 drug usage. .878 98.134 The tourist influx throughout The season has caused the village to become crowded. As a community, .130 we can manage the tourist resources. .617 98.750 For visitors in our Dooars, we have home stay accommodations with .098 regional cuisine. .466 99.216 We regard Guest as God. .067 .318 99.534 Dooars has a lot of potential for drawing tourists. .051 .243 99.777 Compared to other communities offering CBT, our traditions and culture are unique. .029 .140 99.917 We give visitors a welcoming atmosphere. .017 .083 100.000 Extraction Method:PCA. Fig 4.40: Scree plot of Factor Analysis on Community Residents (Primary Data) 85 Table 4.47: Component Matrix of Factor Analysis on Communities Primary Data: Component Matrixa 1 .685 .500 2 -.372 -.601 Component 3 4 .130 -.113 .383 -.072 5 .145 .154 6 -.262 .224 .818 -.133 .253 -.131 -.137 -.083 .660 -.151 .378 .074 -.155 -.045 Sanitation and hygiene are well-maintained, and we provide tourists with a distinctive experience. .487 .491 .417 -.161 -.323 .159 Our town benefits from tourism. .580 .239 -.041 -.489 .305 .180 We have received training to run tourist attractions. .559 .009 -.433 -.078 -.215 .317 We can manage travellers with ease and provide a range of facilities. .132 .655 .436 .137 .324 .191 We are prepared to start tourist projects as a group. We view the Guest as God. Dooars has a strong chance of drawing tourists. Comparing our customs and culture to those of other CBT-offering communities We give visitors a pleasant environment. .370 .493 -.106 .525 -.395 -.071 CBT Increasing villager incomes through the creation of jobs and fair revenue sharing for all CBT .435 participants in the Dooars region .354 -.377 .066 .501 .147 Tourist-friendly roads have been constructed. -.006 -.495 -.449 .046 -.166 There are now more recreational options, including a .499 guest house, café, modest exhibition space, and a hall. .458 .249 -.107 -.106 -.353 We have been able to preserve and promote the Dooars' distinctiveness thanks to tourism. .752 .143 -.054 .364 -.219 -.277 We are proud to have created Dooars for CBT. .332 .461 .281 -.083 .512 -.334 With the rise in tourism, bad conduct including thievery, drinking, and drug misuse has surged. .540 -.011 -.117 .511 .281 -.027 Due to the influx of tourists during The season, the village is getting crowded. As a community, we can manage the tourist resources. .668 .141 -.429 -.320 -.117 .087 In our Dooars, we offer home stay accommodations and local cuisine that is traditional. .553 .209 -.468 .330 .025 .268 We view the Guest as God. .594 -.403 -.235 .025 -.092 -.421 Dooars has a strong chance of drawing tourists. .403 -.515 .084 .469 .325 .169 Comparing our customs and culture to those of other CBT-offering communities .789 -.361 .148 .002 .040 .116 We give visitors a pleasant environment. .541 -.003 .329 -.085 -.277 .433 .580 Extraction Method:PCA. a. 6 components extracted. 86 4.2.8 Factor Analysis on Tourist (Primary data Table 4.48: KMO and Bartlett's Test on Tourists Primary Data . Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square df Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Sig. .648 2406.086 55 .000 Table 4.49: PCAon Communities (Primary Data): Communalities Initial Extraction Rank the local community's amenities and activities. If you are staying somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If you are travelling somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If there is 1.000 .528 information readily available, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. d) The community's conduct Residents' evaluations on the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood Electrical power Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: f) Drinking Water Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: g) Cleanliness and Hygiene I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. The trip to the destination is better than I expected. I fervently urge my family and friends to use this. 1.000 .667 1.000 .585 1.000 .677 1.000 .712 The Dooars have a distinctive tradition and culture. Rank the local community's amenities and activities. a) Concession 1.000 .616 1.000 .584 Rank the local community's amenities and activities. If you are staying somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If you are travelling somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If there is 1.000 .608 information readily available, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. d) The community's conduct Residents' evaluations on the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood Electrical power Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: f) Drinking Water Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: g) Cleanliness and Hygiene I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. The trip to the destination is better than I expected. Extraction Method: PCA 87 1.000 .697 1.000 .878 1.000 .786 Table 4.50: PCA(Total Variance Explained) on Tourists: Total Variance Explained Extraction Sums of Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Squared Loadings % of % of Cumul % of Cumul Cumula Total Varian Total Varian ative Total Varianc ative % tive % ce ce % e Initial Eigenvalues Component Rank the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood Evaluate the local community's amenities and activities in 4.254 38.670 38.670 4.254 38.670 38.670 3.266 29.693 the following categories: a) lodging; b) transportation 29.693 Evaluate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood c) Information accessibility 1.870 16.998 55.668 1.870 16.998 55.668 2.825 25.683 55.377 Rate the neighbourhood’s services and events d) The neighbourhood’s actions Citizens' Assessments of 1.214 11.034 66.702 1.214 11.034 66.702 1.246 11.325 Neighbourhood Features and Activities 1. Electricity 66.702 Ranking the neighbourhood’s services and activities Consider the following categories while .999 evaluating the local community's facilities and events: Accommodations; travel 9.083 75.785 Consider the services and events the area has to offer. c) Accessibility to .861 information 7.832 83.617 88 Rank the local community's amenities and activities. f) Drinking water Rank the local .494 community's amenities and activities g) cleanliness and hygiene 4.489 88.106 I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. .458 4.164 92.271 The trip to the destination is better than I expected. .382 3.468 95.739 I fervently urge my family .237 and friends to use this. 2.151 97.890 The Dooars have a distinctive tradition and culture. .131 1.195 99.085 Rank the local community's amenities and activities. a) Concession .101 .915 100.00 0 Extraction Method:PCA. Fig 4.41: Scree plot of Factor Analysis on Tourists (Primary Data) 89 Table 4.51: Component Matrix of Factor Analysis on Tourists (Primary Data): Component Matrixa Components 1 Rank the local community's amenities and activities. If you are staying somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If you are travelling somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If there is information readily available, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. d) The community's conduct Residents' evaluations on the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood Electrical power Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: f) Drinking Water Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: g) Cleanliness and Hygiene I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. The trip to the destination is better than I expected. I fervently urge my family and friends to use this. The Dooars have a distinctive tradition and culture. Rank the local community's amenities and activities. a) Concession Rank the local community's amenities and activities. If you are staying somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If you are travelling somewhere, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. If there is information readily available, rate the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood. d) The community's conduct Residents' evaluations on the amenities and activities offered by the neighbourhood Electrical power Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: f) Drinking Water Grade the Community's Activities and Facilities: g) Cleanliness and Hygiene I am happy and have chosen to return to this location. The trip to the destination is better than I expected. Extraction Method: PCA a. 3 components extracted. 90 2 3 .534 -.358 .339 .793 .080 .176 .695 .299 .111 .756 .249 -.206 .411 -.672 .303 .691 -.350 -.125 .726 -.223 -.086 .670 -.272 -.293 .716 .363 -.229 .370 .850 .134 .107 .180 .861 4.2.9 Factor Analysis on Community Residents (Secondary data): Table 4.52: KMO and Bartlett's Test on Community Residents (Secondary Data): KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Df Bartlett's Test of Sphericity .598 291.905 66 Sig. .000 Table 4.53: PCA on Community Residents (Secondary Data): Communalities Initial Extraction Is the community benefited by tourism? 1.000 .709 1.000 .667 1.000 .843 1.000 .797 1.000 .607 1.000 .556 Do additional crafts and cultural activities exist as a result of tourism? (Examples: roads, schools, and clinics) 1.000 .843 Does tourism make use of resources like water and firewood that people require? 1.000 .477 Does tourism give you personally anything? Do any other members of your family gain from travel? Does tourism benefit the local community as a whole? Does tourism generate employment for locals? Does tourism aid in the community's infrastructure and service provision? Can the neighbourhood regulate tourism? 1.000 .674 Do residents in the community acquire any skill-building through the tourism business? 1.000 .784 Are locals educated about nature and culture as a result of the tourism business? 1.000 .693 1.000 .770 Participates the community in local conservation efforts? Extraction Method: PCA. 91 Table 4.54: PCA (Total Variance Explained)on Community Residents Secondary Data: Total Variance Explained Component Extraction Sums of Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Squared Loadings % of % of % of Cumul Cumul Cumulat Total Varian Total Varian Total Varian ative % ative % ive % ce ce ce Is tourism beneficial to the neighbourhood? 2.853 23.776 23.776 2.853 23.776 23.776 2.211 18.421 18.421 Do you gain anything personally from tourism? 2.031 16.926 40.703 2.031 16.926 40.703 1.736 14.471 32.892 Initial Eigen values Did anyone else in your home gain 1.372 11.431 52.133 1.372 11.431 52.133 1.647 13.725 46.617 something from travel? Does tourism assist the larger community? 1.136 9.466 61.600 1.136 9.466 61.600 1.545 12.875 59.491 Does tourism generate jobs for residents? 1.028 8.564 70.164 1.028 8.564 70.164 1.281 10.673 70.164 Does tourism aid in the provision of infrastructure and .922 services to the community? 7.679 77.843 Are there more handicrafts and cultural activities due of tourism (e.g., roads, schools, and clinics)? .703 5.860 83.704 Does tourism utilise resources like firewood and water that people require? .542 4.519 88.223 92 Does the neighbourhood have any influence .484 over tourism? 4.031 92.254 Does the tourism business provide skill training to the .374 locals? 3.117 95.371 Does the tourism business provide community people with any education .306 about nature and culture? 2.548 97.920 Are local conservation initiatives supported by the community? 2.080 100.00 0 .250 Extraction Method:PCA. Fig 4.42: Scree plot of Factor Analysis on Community Residents (Secondary Data). 93 Table 4.55: Component Matrix of Factor Analysis on Community Residents (Secondary Data): Component Matrixa Component 1 3 4 5 -.033 -.587 .460 .200 .335 -.013 -.653 .442 .199 -.071 -.247 .624 .615 -.056 -.100 -.286 .609 .457 .276 .287 -.453 .047 .494 -.270 .635 .264 .214 .119 .436 -.283 .462 -.594 -.077 Are there more arts and crafts and cultural events as a result of tourism? .582 .245 -.265 -.079 Does tourism utilise resources like firewood and water that people require? .625 -.039 -.185 Does the neighbourhood have any influence over tourism? .670 Does the tourism business provide skill training to the locals? Is tourism good for the community? Do you gain anything personally from tourism? Did anyone else in your home gain something from travel? Does tourism assist the larger community? Does tourism generate jobs for residents? Does tourism aid in the provision of infrastructure and services to the community? (Examples: roads, schools, and clinics) 2 .041 .241 .153 -.328 .375 .223 -.144 .336 .390 .778 .131 .019 .257 -.066 .499 .272 .015 .102 -.661 Does the tourism business provide community people with any education about nature and culture? Extraction Method:PCA. a. 5 components extracted. 94 4.2.10 Factor Analysis of Tourists (Secondary data): Table 4.56: PCA of Tourist, secondary Data: Communalities Initial Extraction Where did you learn about this holiday spot? 1.000 .354 Is this the first time you've been to this tourist spot? 1.000 .938 What drove you to travel to this particular destination? 1.000 .329 I believe the majority of people see this tourist attraction favourably. 1.000 .722 The staff at this tourist attraction treats visitors with respect. 1.000 .707 This holiday spot has a distinctive reputation. 1.000 .849 I believe that this holiday spot is well-liked. 1.000 .656 The crew consistently puts the guests first at this tourist attraction. 1.000 .665 The environment is respected in this tourist site. 1.000 .651 The overall standard of this tourist site is 1.000 .779 It was simple to make a reservation at this tourist attraction. 1.000 .727 Was a travel agency or another travel organiser responsible for planning your vacation to this tourist destination? 1.000 .938 Overall, my time spent in this tourist location has been quite beneficial to me. 1.000 .629 1.000 .667 1.000 .633 1.000 .679 How frequently do you take vacations that last at least five days? 1.000 .538 Who is with you right now when you visit this tourist location? 1.000 .798 I will tell my family and friends about this tourist spot. 1.000 .623 Reaching the destination is simple. 1.000 .549 Destination cleanliness in general 1.000 .688 Personal security and safety 1.000 .762 Many historical and cultural landmarks (building, traditions, and customs...) 1.000 .628 Cultural and other activities on offer 1.000 .572 In this tourism area, I have learned a great deal and experienced many new things. How satisfied are you with your trip to this tourist location overall? I would chose this holiday spot once more if I had to make the decision. Extraction Method:PCA. 95 Table 4.57: Component Matrix of Factor Analysis on Community Residents (Secondary Data) Components 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.119 -0.117 -0.411 0.3 0.088 0.196 -0.111 -0.094 0.039 0.071 0.613 -0.71 0.194 0.011 -0.102 0.061 0.015 0.046 0.346 0.262 -0.111 0.018 0.351 0.051 0.673 0.087 0.021 0.058 -0.424 0.201 0.166 -0.098 0.631 0.151 0.202 0.005 -0.441 0.059 0.175 -0.13 This holiday spot has a distinctive reputation. 0.878 0.113 0.024 0.039 -0.106 0.226 -0.023 -0.015 I believe that this holiday spot is well-liked. 0.78 -0.015 0.084 -0.013 0.172 -0.102 0.01 0.579 0.101 -0.074 0.103 0.514 0.172 -0.064 0.071 The environment is respected in this tourist site. 0.623 0.074 0.013 0.037 0.327 0.381 0.053 -0.017 The overall standard of this tourist site is 0.445 -0.026 0.07 0.003 -0.119 0.623 -0.127 0.396 0.183 0.278 0.032 0.228 0.712 0.203 0.12 0 0.039 0.071 0.613 -0.71 0.194 0.011 -0.102 0.061 Where did you learn about this holiday spot? Is this the first time you've been to this tourist spot? What drove you to travel to this particular destination? I believe the majority of people see this tourist attraction favourably. The staffs at this tourist attraction treat visitors with respect. The crew consistently puts the guests first at this tourist attraction. It was simple to make a reservation at this tourist attraction. Was a travel agency or another organiser responsible for planning your vacation to this tourist destination? 1 2 0.02 96 Overall, my time spent in this tourist location has been quite beneficial to me. 0.551 0.174 0.256 0.331 -0.108 0.031 0.314 -0.094 In this tourism area, I have learned a great deal and experienced many new things. 0.66 0.127 0.372 0.197 -0.161 0.072 -0.024 -0.072 How satisfied are you with your trip to this tourist location overall? I would choose this holiday spot once more if I had to make the decision. 0.532 0.118 0.394 0.391 0.027 0.115 -0.064 -0.097 0.766 0.061 -0.026 0.125 0.024 0.117 -0.242 0.005 How frequently do you take vacations that last at least five days? 0.029 0.035 -0.086 0.001 -0.37 0.118 -0.558 0.258 0.033 -0.031 -0.08 0.093 -0.017 0.058 0.427 0.772 I will tell my family and friends about this tourist spot. 0.144 -0.154 0.496 0.361 0.069 0.205 -0.393 0.035 Reaching the destination is simple. -0.05 -0.449 0.343 0.337 0.239 0.236 -0.007 0.027 -0.133 0.166 0.596 0.5 -0.104 0.048 0.133 0.083 0.072 -0.683 0.369 0.364 0 0.122 0.079 -0.035 0.144 -0.627 0.291 0.029 -0.106 0.138 -0.027 -0.312 0.11 -0.213 0.231 0.104 0.513 0.24 -0.357 Who is with you right now when you visit this tourist location? Destination cleanliness in general Personal security and safety Many historical and cultural landmarks (building, traditions, and customs...) Cultural and other activities on offer 0.04 97 Fig 4.43: Scree plot of Factor Analysis on Tourists (Secondary Data). 4.3. Summary: 4.3.1 Introduction: This chapter shows the conclusions drawn through data analysis that were in line with the study's goals and the hypothesis that was put to the test. The target audience included local communities, and tourists travelling to the four villages (Batabari, Bindu,Jhalong,Kalipur), which are neighbouring tourist nodes or centres in the Dooars region of North Bengal. This section consists of two sections; first section presents the distributional characteristics of the sample through a percentage and frequency analysis on primary and secondary data of community residents and tourists, and second section is the factor analysis on both primary and secondary data of community residents and tourists was analysed using SPSS software. Frequency and percentage analysis presents the distributional characteristics of the sample on various statements to see Community-Based Tourism's Effects on economy and sustainability development. 98 4.3.2 Frequency and percentage analysis of community residents and tourists (Primary data) x 55% of community residents welcome tourists by used Garlanding & Tilak / Offering Khada. x 70% of community residents say that Dooars has excellent strength to attract tourists. x About CBT 62% of community residents strongly agree on the question that they are prepared to initiate tourist activities as a group and 57% strongly agree on the question that there are now more recreational options, including a guest house, café, modest exhibition space, and a hall. x 70.5% are male tourists and 29.5% are female tourists and 56% are male community residents and 44% are female community residents. x 43.3% of tourists say that “two” times a year they visit Dooars. x 42.8% of tourists say that for holidays their source of information is from “Tour Operator”. x 37.8% of tourists expect to visit popular places in CBT holiday of Dooars. x 93% tourists heard about Dooars of North Bengal before. x 60.3% tourist’s main purpose of visit is Community Tourism. x 57% of tourist prefers to travel in group/family. x Maximum number of tourists given good feedback on accommodation and transportation facilities provided by the local community x 87 no. of tourists says that the tradition and culture of Dooars is unique and they will strongly recommend it to their friends/relatives. 4.3.3 Frequency and percentage analysis of community residents and tourists (Secondary data) x 100% of them responded positively to the question that Tourism benefits the local economy. 57% firmly believe that tourism enables locals to access infrastructure and services (e.g. roads, schools, clinics). x 25% of tourists say that they heard about this tourist destination through internet. x 75% says yes this is their first visit to these tourist destinations. x 75% of tourists said yes this journey planned by a travel agency or another organiser to this tourist location by table 42. 26.5% tourist said that they you go on holidays once a year as per table 43. x 18.5 % tourists Business partners accompanying them during their most recent trip to this tourist location. 99 x 372, tourist’s personnel at this tourist site is pleasant towards the guests, according to 280 visitors, and 252 indicate that making a reservation there was simple. Visitors will enthusiastically suggest this tourist location to their friends and relatives. 4.3.4 Factor Analysis finding of community residents and Tourists (Primary data) x Factor Analysis of community residents indicates and the data is acceptable for Factor analysis as it gives significance value 0.000. x As per the explanation provided in the table titled "Total Variance Explained," a component can be utilised as a factor if the Eigen Value for that component is greater than 1. In our case the components Dooars has a good scope to draw tourists, our traditions and culture are unique from other communities offering CBT, and we give visitors a pleasant environment. Cleanliness and Hygiene well maintain, we offer unique experience to tourist had Eigen values greater than one and its total variance explained as 6.787, 2.700, 2.075, 1.663, 1.453 and 1.176 respectively. x With the use of the component matrix, it’s able to determine what the components represent. x The components "Compared to other communities that offer CBT, our heritage and culture are unique." We can handle the guest’s needs (0.789), we view visitors as god (0.685), Through CBT we can preserve and promote our uniqueness of the Dooars (0.668), and We give the tourists a wonderful atmosphere (0.668). (.660), are highly correlated factors hence we focus on these components. x Factor Analysis of Tourists indicates that the data is acceptable for Factor analysis as it gives significance value 0.000. x As per explanation provided in the table titled "Total Variance Explained," a component can be utilised as a factor if the Eigen Value for that component is greater than 1. In this case the components, Accommodation facilities, Transportation facilities, and Availability of information facilities provided by the local community had Eigen values greater than one and its total variance explained as 4.254, 1.870 and 1.214 respectively x With the use of the component matrix, we will be able to determine, what the components represent. The component tradition and culture of Dooars is unique (.850) Transportation (.793), Behaviour of the community Resident (.756), Cleanness and hygiene (.691), Availability of information (.695), Electricity (.672), the visit to the area exceeded my expectations (.670), and I have decided to visit this location again. I will also highly suggest it to my friends and family. (.716) are highly correlated factors hence we focus on these components 100 4.3.5 Factor Analysis finding of community residents and Tourists (Secondary data) x Factor Analysis of Community Residents indicates that the data was acceptable for Factor analysis as it gives significance value 0.000. x According to the explanation provided in the table titled "Total Variance Explained," a component can be utilised as a factor if the Eigen Value for that component is greater than 1. In our case the components “Is tourism good for the community”, Does tourism benefit you personally? Do any other members of your family benefit from tourism? Does tourism assist the local community? Does tourism generate jobs for residents? Had Eigen values greater than land its total variance explained as 2.853,2.031, 1.372, 1.136 and 1.028 respectively. x With the use of the component matrix, you'll be able to determine what the components represent. The components Do you personally benefit from tourism (.653), does the tourism project offer any skill-training opportunities to the locals? (.670), does the tourism business provide community people with any education about nature and culture? (.778) participates the community in local conservation initiatives? (.661) are highly correlated factors hence we focus on this components. x Total Variance Explained a component can be utilised as a factor if the Eigen Value for that component is greater than 1. x In our case the components, about this holiday spot? Is this your first time visiting this popular tourist location? What primary motives brought you to this tourism location? I believe the majority of people think favourably of this tourist attraction, x The staffs at this tourist attraction are courteous to visitors, this tourist site has a distinctive image, I believe it to be well-liked, and the staffs there always care about the needs of the guests first. Had Eigen values greater than one and its total variance explained as 3.361, 2.876, 2.453, 2.249, 1.645, 1.214, 1.154 and 1.128 respectively. x With the use of the component matrix, we can determine the components represent. x The components, majority of people think favourably of this tourist location (.673), it has a distinctive image (.878), and it is well-liked (.780), It was simple to make a reservation at this tourist destination (.712), I learned a lot and had a lot of new experiences there (.660), and if I had to choose again, I would go to this tourist destination. (.766) are highly correlated factors hence we focus on this components. 101 x Hence we can conclude that, there is community based resources for development of Community based Tourism. Dooars region of North Bengal has Community-Based Tourism. x Tourism development is necessary to protect, to preserve, & to restore the Natural & Cultural Sustainability of the Dooars region. All these helps to upgrade the economy and sustainability development. 102 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSSION/SUGGESTION The chapter digs into the dissertation, which is outlined in the discussion on the outcomes of the data processed to extract the conclusions identified during the study for the thesis. Along with the illumination of the findings of the hypothesis test and the objectives that have been defined for this thesis, a brief outline has been supplied for specific pieces. Travel and tourism, one of the industries expanding at the fastest rate, is a significant source of revenue in foreign currency for a great number of countries still in the process of economic development. Employment opportunities, reduction in levels of poverty, and continued human development are some of the outcomes that have been accomplished as a direct result of tourism. The Community tourist places of Dooars, plays an essential part in the social and economic development of the region. The tourism business in Dooars has a lot of untapped potential in terms of contributing to the improvement of society, Villages and culture. Community-based tourism is well known in some villages in Dooars, as a result of tourists' desire to discover new places rather than see well-known landmarks. This is making it easier to produce specific tourist goods that help local people make money for themselves. This is because we consider tourism to be an economic activity that is complementary to traditional activities rather than an economic activity that is an alternative to traditional activities. There are many places in Dooars that are good for the environment and suitable for tourism. Tourism development is necessary to protect, to preserve, & to restore the Natural & Cultural Sustainability of the Dooars region. All these lead to improve the economy of the state and sustainability development. Here is some Suggestion for positive steps should take: x The home-stay programme has to improve in this area. On the other side, the state Tourism Departmen has developed a strategy (known as the "Blue Home-stay Project") that will offer 2.5 lakhs of loan assistance to stakeholders in the home-stay industry and function as a funding programme for those stakeholders. x The involvement of women in the tourism sector to boost the proportion of female and young tourists to North Bengal. x Develop a comprehensive strategy. This will take care of the current problem. 103 x Collaboration of the public and commercial sectors. a simple VISA application procedure for international travellers. To monitor the movements and activities of foreign nationals, the government should offer an electronic device. x If locals are encouraged to take more ownership of their communities and to become more aware of their obligations, and tourism growth in North Bengal will be impossible to stop. x The main aims and objects of the study was to look into the geographical distribution of home stays in the area as well as the involvement of locals in the home stay business. Locals are becoming increasingly enthusiastic about participating in various rural tourism-related activities these days. x Also, it has been discovered that many people have come to the idea that house stays undoubtedly contribute significantly to the socio-cultural and ecological health of the area. x There are a few challenges with the home-stay, though, like the requirement for the host, the guide, and the exponent to have enough training. x At the tourism school, a hotel and scholarship programme need to formed. x The women participation in CBT activities boosting the proportion of female and young tourists to North Bengal x In spite of the fact that house stays have a great deal of potential to develop into a sustainable, community-based type of tourism, there is still a lot of work to be done to market them. x The degree of satisfaction felt by visitors as well as the difficulties that different stakeholders are currently facing is additional areas of concern that need to be looked at. 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