Career Guidance in the modern world

Career guidance in the modern world Contents Introduction. Chapter 1: Factors influencing the magnitude of the career guidance problem. 1.1 Influence of socio-economic conditions on vocational guidance. 1.2 The Role of the educational system in the process of career guidance. 1.3 Psychological and socio-cultural factors influencing the choice of profession. Chapter 2: Problems people face when choosing a profession. 2.1 Problems of career guidance of adolescents. 2.2 Problems of adult career guidance when changing careers. 2.3 Discrepancy between professional skills and market demand demand. Conclusion. List of sources used. Introduction Relevance of the study. Vocational guidance is an urgent problem of our time, as the rapidly changing world of labor and education requires people not only to choose a suitable profession but also to be ready to update and develop their skills constantly. The complexity of the vocational guidance process is aggravated by the variety of professions available in the labor market and the pressure from society and families expecting a successful career path from each individual. Therefore, studying the factors affecting vocational guidance and finding effective approaches to solving this problem is essential to ensure the successful formation of an individual in the modern world. In the modern world, professional self-determination becomes one of the key tasks people face at different stages of their lives. The process of vocational guidance, although it is an important step on the way to a successful career and personal development, often becomes a complex task complicated by numerous factors and problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of career guidance in the conditions of modernity. To achieve this goal, we will address the following issues: 1. What factors influence the scale of the vocational guidance problem in different countries, including both developed and developing countries? 2. What problems do people face when choosing a future profession, especially relevant for teenagers and adults who decide to change jobs? 3. In which countries of the world is the problem of career guidance most developed and requires special attention? 4. What role do online resources, such as online tests, play in the career guidance process, and how useful are they for making the right choice? 5. What are the approximate statistics of those who work in their chosen profession after completing higher education? 6. Why is the problem of career guidance still topical and not adequately addressed? What obstacles prevent taking the necessary measures to solve it? 7. Has it become easier to determine the future profession in our time or, on the contrary, some new difficulties and challenges were not faced before? The analysis of these questions will allow us to get a deeper understanding of the problem of career guidance in modern society and identify possible ways of its solution. The object of the study. The object of the study is the process of career guidance among various population groups, including adolescents, students, graduates, workers wishing to change careers, as well as specialists in the field of education and personnel counseling. Studying this process will identify the major problems people face in choosing a career, as well as identify effective methods and resources that can help them make informed and successful decisions about their future employment path. Chapter 1: Factors influencing the scale of the vocational guidance problem 1.1 Influence of socio-economic conditions on vocational guidance The social situation in the region is determined by the ratio of objective conditions and the degree of maturity of the subjective factor. The economic situation, in turn, depends on the organizational and managerial state of the region and the qualification level of the workforce. Objective conditions include the production and technical base, while the subjective factor is related to the qualification characteristics of the young generation that enters the labor life. The structure of young people's behavioral strategies in the labor market is determined not only by pragmatic orientations such as needs, incentives, and motives, but also by higher motives such as vocation, inheritance of family traditions, and protest departure from spheres recommended by the environment. Although professions related to sea, air, and space activities may not be prioritized, they are still present in the sphere of young people's preferences. The prestige of professions is also subject to change, just as assessments of a country's social situation change. For example, in the West, some people positively assess Russia's historical progress in education, culture, science and technology, health care, and politics, while others may be less favorable to these changes [14]. In many developed countries, the problem of career guidance is particularly acute. Not only schools and public authorities but also private counseling services pay serious attention to this issue. They develop programs aimed at helping students to assess their skills and interests in practice. Germany has a well-known career guidance industry (Berufsberatung), which provides services to both school leavers and adults planning to change careers. The increased demand for career counseling is caused, among other things, by immigration. The educational system in Germany provides for a longer period of schooling for students compared to some other countries. This period is actively used for professional orientation and preparation for further career. After the basic school course, pupils can choose between general education, which prepares them for university entrance, and specialized training, which is aimed at acquiring practical skills in a specific field at a specialized enterprise. Japan also places great emphasis on career guidance beginning in secondary school. It is considered a key component of the educational program. Japan uses a methodology based on self-analysis, aptitude analysis, and vocational testing. Seventh graders conduct self-analysis using a multi-scale questionnaire and are tested in various professions. Based on these data, psychologists and teachers develop individualized learning plans for each student. In France, this problem is seen as an integral part of the educational system, going back to the beginning of the last century. Already at the secondary school level, pupils are introduced to various professions, and teachers and psychologists begin to monitor their abilities. The results of these observations are accumulated and used to make career recommendations. Canada also has an extensive network of career counseling centers, which are usually associated with universities. Here, diagnostic methods and tools are scientifically developed to assess occupational skills and predict success in a chosen field. In addition, self-determination courses are offered to help students choose their future careers. Professional counselors apply the strategy of self-selection, self-analysis of abilities, and assessment of demand in the labor market. This process is often accompanied by psychological support and coaching to help with the final decision. Today, we are witnessing changes in vocational training, such as the increasing number of people with higher education working in impossible fields and the changing nature of work, including virtual offices and contract design and production. These trends require serious discussion and adaptation of educational and career guidance programs today [18]. The influence of socio-economic conditions on the career guidance of young people in the regional system of economic staffing is a complex and interrelated process. It affects not only the goal-setting, the forecast of the region's need in personnel, professional orientation, the provision of personnel needs, and assessment of the quality of training, but also the organized interaction between all subjects of the personnel supply system: legislative and executive authorities, employing enterprises and educational organizations. The processes of staffing the region are formed under the influence of the current and predictable economic, political, social, technical, and technological situation in the region and the country as a whole. Vocational guidance of young people plays a key role in the processes of staffing the economy, which is constantly changing. In the modern social context, the problems associated with the disappearance of certain professions, the emergence of alternative and completely new specialties due to changes in the labor market, and the influence of the technical and technological environment are increasing. Vocational guidance assumes responsibility for a wide range of tasks, including the choice of educational courses, training, entrepreneurship, employment, professional development, and individual adaptation, as well as identifying gifted students and helping students with weaker skills. Today, career guidance is obliged to take into account the needs of the labor market, matching them with the needs of the individual, as well as to meet changing values and new career opportunities. In modern society, people have to adapt to constantly changing requirements, improve their qualifications, retrain, and constantly develop professionally. Therefore, professional self-determination and the formation of personality in the professional plan play a special role, especially for the young generation. The choice made by a young person determines his future life, and although he may rely on his interests, these interests may change over time, while professional activity will stay with him for a long time. The management of the vocational guidance system is complex because of the need to meet the demands of the labor market, providing the state with qualified personnel, while at the same time taking into account the needs and desires of young people. This creates problems in the vocational guidance system. Determining a future profession in our time can be both easier and more difficult compared to previous eras, and it depends on many factors. Let us look at the main aspects of this issue in more detail: It is easier to define: 1. Access to information: With the advent of the internet and the development of digital technology, it has become much easier to access information about different professions, their requirements, and prospects. 2. Online resources: There are a huge number of online resources such as career guidance test sites, educational platforms with courses in various fields of knowledge, and professional networks where you can get advice from experts in the field of interest. 3. Globalization: The global nature of the economy and the possibility of remote work make available professions that were previously inaccessible due to geographical limitations. 4. Diversity of professions: The modern world offers a wide range of professional opportunities, including new and emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cybersecurity, and others, giving more choices for potential professionals. Complexities and Challenges: 1. Information overload: Information noise can complicate the decision-making process, where access to vast amounts of data and opinions about occupations can lead to confusion and uncertainty. 2. Rapidity of change: Technological and social changes are so rapid today that some occupations may appear and disappear within a short time, making it difficult to predict future employment. 3. Future Uncertainty: Some of the challenges of today's world, such as climate change, demographic change, and economic crises, can create uncertainty about what occupations will be in demand in the future. 4. Skill requirements: With the advent of new technologies and changes in the economy, new skill requirements may arise, requiring continuous learning and adaptation. 5. Competition: With the increasing number of graduates and international competition, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find a job in the desired field. Thus, although modern technology and access to information can facilitate the process of identifying a future profession, new complexities and challenges such as information noise and rapidity of change can also create additional difficulties. The issue of career guidance has a significant impact on the society and economy of different countries around the world, both developed and developing. Here are some of the major factors affecting the magnitude of this problem: Factors affecting the problem of career guidance: 1. Economic conditions: Developed Countries: In developed countries, economies are often characterized by highly competitive labor markets, rapid changes in technology, and skill requirements. This puts additional pressure on young people to choose a career. Developing countries: In developing countries, there may be limited opportunities for quality education and access to information about different occupations. This makes career guidance more difficult for youth. 2. Education System: Developed Countries: In developed countries, the education system can be complex and diverse, which sometimes makes it difficult to choose the right educational path and profession. Developing countries: Inadequate funding for education, lack of relevant curricula, and qualified teachers can limit the ability of youth to identify their career interests. 3. Cultural and social factors: Developed countries: In developed countries, cultural stereotypes and parental expectations can put pressure on youth to choose a profession, sometimes without considering their interests and abilities. Developing countries: In some developing countries, traditional ideas about occupations and the roles of women and men may limit young people's choice of occupations. 4. Technological change: All countries: Rapid advances in technology are changing labor market demands and creating new occupations, making career guidance more challenging because of the need to keep up with technological trends. 5. Globalization and international competition: All countries: The global nature of the economy and the possibility of remote work increase competition in the labor market, which requires young people to make more informed career choices and training. 6. Access to information: All countries: Access to information about different occupations and educational programs may be uneven across countries, creating disparities in opportunities for youth to define their vocational goals. In summary, the extent of the career guidance problem in different countries around the world depends on many factors, including economic conditions, the education system, cultural and social aspects, technological change, globalization, and access to information. Addressing this problem requires a comprehensive approach, including improving access to education, raising awareness of vocational opportunities, and supporting young people in the career guidance process. 1.2 Role of the educational system in the career guidance process One of the key tasks of modern society is to prepare young people for constructive participation in labor activity, which can not only change the country's economy but also influence political processes. The history of the development of pedagogical science in the field of preparing young people for work shows that effective management of career guidance work and its subsequent improvement is achieved through a systematic approach that covers all aspects of the educational process. To do this, it is necessary to reflect all the elements of the pedagogical system in the relevant methodological documents: curricula, programs, methods, teaching aids, and others. Professional orientation is a comprehensive educational and methodological activity aimed at creating a project of the educational process, which will be successfully implemented in practice. This project allows you to choose the best ways to achieve the goals of training specialists in demand in the labor market. The pedagogical system of vocational guidance can represent a model of the future educational process for a specific discipline or a model of the specialty as a whole. The content of methodological documents describing career guidance depends both on the discipline and on the specialty and should reflect the adopted pedagogical system. The role of the educational system in the career guidance process is undoubtedly significant. This is a comprehensive methodological support of the educational process, which not only helps students deepen their knowledge in specific areas but also serves as a means of orientation for their future professional careers. Career guidance begins long before the moment of self-determination of a teenager and includes active participation in educational institutions. The educational system is a key object of career guidance since it includes many scientific and practical areas, each of which plays a role in the formation of students' professional preferences and competencies. Pedagogy, psychology, physiology, and other sciences combine in this process, striving to create effective systems that promote career guidance. The problem of career guidance for adolescents remains relevant and is not adequately addressed for several reasons that deserve attention. Here are some of them: 1. Lack of an integrated approach: Firstly, there is often a lack of an integrated approach to career guidance, which would include not only conducting tests and individual consultations but also familiarization with real experience in various fields, internships, visits to enterprises, and communication with professionals. This creates incomplete information for making an informed decision. 2. Lack of resources: Often educational institutions face limited financial and temporary resources, which prevents the full implementation of career guidance programs. Lack of funds can lead to a limited information base for students, as well as a lack of specialists who can conduct quality individual counseling. 3. Lack of coordination: In some cases, there is a lack of effective coordination between educational institutions, career guidance services, parents, businesses, and professional communities. This leads to fragmented information, duplication of efforts, and insufficient timeliness in the provision of the necessary assistance. 4. Lack of practical experience: An important part of career guidance should be practical orientation, but students do not always have the opportunity to gain real experience in various fields. This can create an illusion or misunderstanding of what a particular profession is. 5. Difficulties of interacting with parents: Often, parents have their ideas about the desired professional sphere for their children, which may contradict the interests and abilities of the adolescents themselves. Misunderstandings between teachers, psychologists, and parents can complicate the career guidance process. 6. Barriers to access to information: Uneven access to information on different occupations, educational opportunities, health requirements, and physical abilities can be an obstacle to a full-fledged process of choosing a profession. In general, these and other factors create difficulties in solving the problem of career guidance for adolescents. To effectively address this problem, attention must be paid to an integrated approach, allocating the necessary resources, strengthening coordination between different structures, active interaction with parents, and ensuring equal access to information for all students. The structure of the educational system includes several key elements, such as training goals, students, teaching content, teaching methods, teachers, and technical means of learning, as well as organizational forms of activity. All these elements are interconnected and interact to achieve the main goal - helping students determine their professional interests and goals. The educational system is constantly adapting under the influence of social changes and requirements, which makes it able to effectively respond to the changing needs of the labor market and society as a whole. Thus, she acts as an important link in the career guidance process, providing the younger generation with the necessary knowledge, skills, and orientation for a successful career and self-realization. The role of the educational system in the career guidance process is crucial. Compliance with the requirements of the social system is key in restructuring the career guidance system. The requirements of the social system affect individual elements of the educational system, which requires their appropriate restructuring. Ignoring the interconnection of elements can lead to conflicts and even destruction of the entire system. The development of scientific and methodological support for the career guidance process is a difficult task, the solution of which requires the professional competence of the pedagogical teams of educational institutions. The organizing principle of all areas of career guidance is to understand the structure, components, and functional connections in the pedagogical system. Disclosure of the content of each element of the system in the form of clear descriptions is a system-methodological support for the process of professional training of students [16]. Thus, the role of the educational system in the career guidance process is critical for the successful preparation of young people for future professional careers. The educational system not only provides students with the necessary knowledge and skills but also serves as a guide in choosing a professional path. Its structure, methodological support, and constant adaptation under the influence of social changes make it an effective tool that contributes to the successful career guidance and self-realization of students. However, for the effective operation of the career guidance system, it is necessary to take into account the interconnection of all its elements and compliance with the requirements of the social system, as well as develop scientific and methodological support, ensuring the professional competence of teaching staff. In general, the educational system plays a key role in the formation of students' professional preferences and competencies, and its development and improvement are of great importance for the future labor potential of society. 1.3 Psychological and sociocultural factors influencing career choices Career choices and development represent important moments in each person's life. However, this process is often complicated and confusing due to the influence of various psychological factors. Next, we will consider which psychological aspects affect the choice of profession and the formation of a career path. Personal characteristics: Our personality plays a significant role in the process of choosing a profession. Some people prefer to work in a team, while others prefer independent activities. Some seek new challenges, while others prefer stability and routine. The level of extraversion, self-demanding, and risk-taking - all these personality factors have an impact on career choices and how to achieve career success. Interests and passions: Our interests and passions also play an important role in choosing a profession. When we do things that we are interested in, we feel a lot of motivation and satisfaction. For example, if a person has a passion for art, work in the creative field will be most suitable for him. Therefore, awareness of your interests and passions helps to determine the direction of your career. Life values: Our values define what matters to us. Choosing a profession that aligns with our values helps us feel more balanced and fulfilled. Influence of environment: Our environment, including family, friends, educational institutions, and society in general, significantly influences our preferences in choosing a profession. The environment can inspire us or expose us to social expectations about certain professions. Self-esteem and confidence: Our self-esteem and confidence in our abilities have a significant impact on career choice and success. When choosing a profession and developing a career, it is important to take these psychological factors into account. Understanding your personality, interests, passions, values, and confidence will help you make informed decisions and find a path that suits your needs and goals. It is important to be open to new opportunities and ready to adapt to change. Our psychology plays a key role in these processes, and therefore understanding the psychological factors influencing the choice of profession will help form a happy and satisfying career [17]. Thus, career choice and career development are closely related to psychological and sociocultural factors. Personality traits, interests, passions, life values, environmental influences, self-esteem, and confidence play an important role in shaping the professional journey. Understanding these factors helps to make informed decisions that meet individual needs and goals. Openness to new opportunities and a willingness to adapt to change are also key elements of a successful career. Therefore, awareness of the influence of psychological factors on the choice of profession will help people create a satisfactory and happy career that meets their needs. Chapter 2. Challenges people face when choosing a profession 2.1 Adolescent Career Guidance Issues What role do online resources such as online tests play in the career guidance process, and how useful are they for making the right choices? Online career guidance tests have become an integral part of the modern career selection process. They offer a simple and accessible way for people to reflect on their interests, skills, and values in the context of career choices. However, despite their popularity, it is important to be aware of their limitations and to interpret the results correctly. There are many online career guidance tests offered by various resources on the Internet. Some of them are developed by qualified specialists and are high-quality tools for self-analysis. However, many tests may be superficial or contain errors in question wording and interpretation of results. Therefore, it is important to choose tests with caution and evaluate their validity. Popular career guidance tests available online can be useful for initial exposure to different professional destinations and help narrow down your search. However, it is worth remembering that they often do not provide accurate answers and recommendations, but only serve as a starting point for further analysis. Professional career guidance tests developed by specialists in the field of psychology can provide a deeper and more objective analysis of personality, interests, and abilities. However, it is better to entrust their interpretation to a qualified psychologist who can evaluate the results taking into account the individual characteristics of the person. Thus, online career guidance tests can be a useful tool for introspection and initial determination of professional preferences, but their results should be considered critically and supplemented by other methods of career guidance assessment, especially in the case of serious career choices [19]. Many adolescents face the challenge of choosing a profession, especially in their graduating classes, and often have difficulty determining their professional trajectory. Within the framework of the national project "Success of Every Child" (Russian Federation), various initiatives were launched aimed at early career guidance and helping graduates choose a career path. However, despite these efforts, many problems remain relevant. Often young people choose a profession under the influence of fashion, successful examples from the environment, or simply because of social pressure. They may not study the essence of the chosen profession, its pros and cons, requirements for a specialist, which may subsequently lead to work outside their field or the need for retraining. In addition, single-industry towns and small settlements face the problem of youth outflow, as graduates tend to look for better opportunities somewhere outside their native place. Today, one of the most important tasks of secondary education is to help adolescents determine their professional path. Schools are actively introducing career guidance programs, including testing, together with psychologists to help students consciously choose their future profession. This not only contributes to a successful start in a career but also forms a responsible attitude towards professional self-determination. However, the process of choosing a profession faces several problems. There is a common stereotype about finding the only right profession, which does not reflect the reality of the modern labor market, where many diverse career opportunities are offered. Not all students can take part in career guidance events due to a lack of specialists or a high workload. In addition, the choice of profession should take into account the state of health and physical capabilities of the student. Sometimes the interests of the graduate do not coincide with the requirements of a particular profession, which can lead to a mismatch between desire and reality. It is also important to remember the impact of the chosen profession on a person's health and personality. Some professions can cause professional deformations that negatively affect public and personal life. To solve these problems, career guidance commissions are created in various educational institutions, which organize a variety of events to familiarize themselves with the professions offered in the labor market and help students make informed choices by their interests, abilities, and health. In general, professional orientation is a complex phenomenon that combines economic, social, educational, and psychological aspects. To address these challenges, greater attention needs to be paid to informing, counseling, and supporting adolescents in the process of choosing a profession to help them make informed and informed decisions, taking into account their desires, abilities, and individual characteristics. The problem of career guidance remains relevant and is not adequately addressed for several reasons that deserve attention. Here are some of them: 1. Technology Development and Labour Market Change: Modern technological changes and the dynamism of the labor market are creating new professions and specializations that cannot always be learned from traditional sources of information. This complicates the task of career guidance for both adolescents and people in other age categories. 2. A large selection of educational programs: There are many educational programs and courses both at universities and on various online platforms. This can create confusion and make it difficult to choose the appropriate direction of study and future profession. 3. Lack of information: For many people, access to objective information about various professions, educational requirements, career prospects, and other important aspects of professional activity remains limited. This can lead to an incomplete understanding of the opportunities and challenges faced by each profession. 4. Uncertainty in self-interest and ability: Many people face difficulties in determining their professional interests and abilities. This may be due to a lack of self-understanding or a lack of experience in various fields of activity. 5. Economic and social factors: Inequalities in opportunities and access to education, as well as economic constraints, can severely limit the choice of vocational pathway. This is especially true for people from minorities, low-income families, and other vulnerable groups. 6. Lack of an integrated approach: Often career guidance is limited to tests and individual consultations, but does not include the opportunity to get acquainted with real experience in various fields, internships, visits to enterprises, and communication with professionals. This creates incomplete information for making an informed decision. 7. The complexity of modern difficulties: With a rapidly changing world and high competition in the labor market, deciding on a profession can be especially difficult due to uncertainty in future opportunities and requirements. 8. Lack of career counseling: Not all educational institutions and workplaces have the opportunity to receive high-quality professional counseling on career guidance. This can be a serious obstacle for people seeking help in determining their professional path [20]. In general, these and other factors create difficulties in solving the problem of career guidance. For its successful solution, it is necessary to pay attention to an integrated approach, increasing the availability of information, developing career counseling, and improving the socio-economic conditions that affect the choice of a professional path. 2.2 Career Change Adult Career Guidance Challenges The problem of career guidance for adults during a career change remains relevant and complex and includes several main aspects. First, adults who decide to change their professional activities may find it difficult to decide on a new area. They already have some work experience and skills that can be useful in other areas, but they may also have concerns and doubts about new opportunities. Secondly, a career change may be related to the need to learn new skills and receive additional education or qualifications. This can be time-consuming and costly, which can also be a barrier for adults who decide to change their professional trajectory. In addition, an important aspect when changing careers for adults is the support and understanding of others. They may face mistrust from family, friends, or colleagues who may find changing careers too risky or unjustified. Personal factors and values that may influence the career change decision-making process should also be considered. Some adults may face an internal conflict between wanting to follow their passions and seeking to provide financial stability for themselves and their families. To successfully solve the problem of career guidance for adults when changing careers, it is important to contact career guidance and career counseling specialists. These professionals can help adults analyze their interests, skills, and values, as well as identify suitable career paths and develop an action plan to achieve them. In addition, they can provide support and resources to train and develop new skills needed for successful career transitions. When changing careers, adults often face various problems when they turn to career guidance. Some of them cannot objectively assess their skills and talents, treating them with doubt or even neglect. For example, some, who have skills in the Photoshop program, may underestimate their value without realizing the possibility of development in the field of graphic design. Other adults may have doubts about their ability to find a new career in adulthood, claiming that it is "late" or that they do not need changes. However, with the right support and patience, they can still find a job that will bring joy. It happens that people who have undergone personal growth training expect that their work should bring them spiritual satisfaction, and shift the responsibility for this to a career guidance specialist. However, to achieve harmony in work, it is necessary not only to get the right professional orientation, but also readiness for work, development, and self-improvement. There are also cases when adults put forward high demands without having experience or the desire to change something in their lives. They can play the game with destiny, demanding success without the willingness to put in the effort to achieve it. Sometimes there are situations when astrological career guidance or other methods recommend a person to a certain profession, but he is not ready or unwilling to do it. In such cases, it is important to conduct an in-depth analysis of skills, interests, and opportunities to offer alternative development paths that are appropriate to the individual characteristics of each person. Finally, changing careers can create fear of the unknown and resistance to change. However, with the support of a professional and their own hard work and talent, adults can successfully overcome this fear and find a new direction for the development of their careers [21]. 2.3 Divergence between skills and market demand At the current stage of economic development, significant changes are taking place in the ratio of professional skills and demand in the labor market. The leading factors influencing demand are technological innovations, which are actively used in the production of goods and services. The development of technology contributes to the creation of more productive jobs, which can lead to a reduction in demand for workers with low and medium qualifications and an increase in the need for specialists with appropriate skills. Even within the framework of existing professions, the nature of the tasks performed is changing. Demand is also affected by changes in the global division of labor, changes in consumer behavior patterns due to variability in income or preferences, and firms' avoidance of certain products in demand in society. As for the supply of skills, it is also changing the influence of demographic changes, expanding the coverage of education, increasing requirements for its quality and content, as well as changes in retirement behavior. For example, in Russia, these factors are manifested in the heterogeneity of the economic space, which creates various regional situations by the supply and demand of professional skills. A study of this ratio will help identify labor development trends, identify regional disparities, classify regions, and propose measures to regulate the labor market and increase employment. The study of supply and demand of professional skills is carried out both at the level of macroeconomics, where the main concepts were formulated by R. Freeman in the 1970s, and at the level of microeconomics using approaches and tools developed at the beginning of the 21st century. At the macroeconomic level, the main method of measuring the supply and demand of skills is an indirect approach, which has the advantage of statistical data availability. The demand for skills is estimated through employment indicators, taking into account the level of education, age, profession, and sector of the economy. The proposal information contains data on the structure of labor force education. An index method, such as the European Skills Index, is used to measure the discrepancy between the supply and demand of skills. At the microeconomics level, a direct skills assessment and self-assessment approach are most often used. Self-assessment of the demand for skills is done through a "subjective assessment by employers," and self-assessment of the supply of skills includes an assessment of the ability of workers to complete tasks and an overall assessment of skills. Direct assessment of skills includes assessment of vacancy rates, skill gaps, and subjective inconsistencies reported by workers or graduates. An analysis of how graduates take jobs in their field of specialization after completing higher education presents important information for students making decisions about choosing a professional path. Data on employment in the specialty can help students and parents make an informed decision when choosing a study direction. Table 1 - Employment by specialty after higher education Percentage of Percentage of graduates working in graduates not working the specialty in the specialty Engineering 75% 25% Medicine 85% 15% Information Technology 80% 20% Teaching 60% 40% Business and Economics 70% 30% Art and Design 50% 50% Specialty Social Sciences 65% 35% It can be seen that the percentage of graduates working in the specialty fluctuates depending on the chosen field of knowledge. This data can help students better understand the likelihood of employment after receiving an education in a particular specialty. It is important to remember that employment in the specialty may also depend on specific market conditions and qualification requirements. Conclusion In the course of the analysis, the main factors affecting the problem of career guidance in modern society were identified. Socio-economic conditions, the educational system, and psychological and socio-cultural factors play a significant role in the formation of people's professional preferences. The problems of career guidance of adolescents and adults when choosing a profession, as well as the discrepancy between professional skills and market demand, have a significant impact on labor mobility and career success. After analyzing these studies, it can be argued that the problem of career guidance remains relevant and requires additional attention from society and the state. Despite the development of online resources and testing, the role of which in the career guidance process is significant, the problem of career guidance remains due to the complexity of the choice of the profession itself, the variability of the market situation, and insufficient awareness of educational opportunities. To solve the problem of career guidance, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of a career counseling system, as well as the creation of more flexible educational programs that meet the most demanded professional skills. It is also important to continue research in this area to adapt approaches to career guidance to the changing conditions and needs of society. Thus, the analysis of the problem of career guidance in modern society indicates the need for an integrated approach to this problem and the search for new ways to solve it. The questions and analysis described in the work allow you to better understand the essence of the career guidance problem and identify possible directions for its improvement. List of sources used 1. Savelyeva N.N. Vocational orientation of schoolchildren: theory and practice. - M.: Enlightenment, 2019. - 224 s. 2. Lebedeva I.V., Mikhailova E.A. Career guidance: theory, methodology, practice. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2020. - 368 p. 3. 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