UAV: An effective tool for Modern Strategy

Title of Research Article: UAV: An Effective Tool for Modern Strategy Module Tutor: Muhammad Bilal Qureshi. Assignment: Research Article Candidate Name: Awais Zahid Abbasi Course Title: Dimensions of Modern Strategy Course Code: IR – 505 I confirm that the material I have submitted is my own original work. Where other material has been used, I have stated source(s) from which the information has been derived and the extent to which I have made use of the work of others Signature: Department of IR Faculty of Contemporary Studies National Defense University, Islamabad Introduction: In the last decade the world has seen an enormous increase in the production of unmanned aerial vehicle in commercial and defense sectors. The contemporary world shows an emerging trend of arm race of unmanned aerial vehicles1 between developed and developing states. United States of America is leading this race and Pakistan is also self-sufficient in this case. It is predicated that in the near future UAVs will become an essential element of Globalized world. This article provides a brief overview of unmanned aerial vehicles, their working procedure and applications with advantages and challenges to UAVs. It will briefly analyze the subject “UAV as an effective tool for modern strategy” and will predict the future in author’s knowledge. The central theme of this article is; the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles have changed the perceptions and imaginations of masses and in the future it will become a strong contributing factor in every action of a society. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle To define unmanned aerial vehicle you can find hundreds of definitions in cyber world but none of them is explanatory enough. To make this term clearer and easier to understand it is defined as: An automatic, programmed or remotely controlled machine that can fly in air without an internal pilot to carryout assigned mission and task under certain range and time with the assistance of a program and GPS. Unmanned aerial vehicle differs in range, size, type, weight and application. Unmanned aerial vehicle are most commonly known as, a remotely controlled flying robot or Drones. There are other terminologies associated with unmanned aerial vehicle which are:     Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)2 Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV)3 Remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS)4 Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle5 On its size difference they are also termed as Micro Unmanned aerial Vehicles (mUAV)6 and Macro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MUAV). There are small sized UAVs which can fit in a hand and medium to large sized, weighing from less than one Kilogram to Hundreds of Kilograms. They differ in range from at sight to miles away in the other continent or part of 1 The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ 3 The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ 4 The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ 5 The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ 6 E-Education, accessed March 29th, 2015, https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog597g/node/5 2 the world. They are also classified on the basis of their flight, some from few meters above the ground to 100,000 ft. high from sea level. On basis of their control system they are divided as; Remotely Control UAVs & Autonomous Unmanned aerial vehicles. The difference between these two terms can be understood as that the former removes the operator from the vehicle and later alternates the operator with a guidance system. Necessity: The Mother of Invention At the beginning of 20th century aviation industry made a rapid start which generated a debate that is it possible to fly a plane within specific range, time and direction without any human intervention? This debate led to the evolution and beginning of unmanned aerial vehicles. In 1916 Lawrence Sperry a pioneer of aeronautics, invented an automatic gyroscope that turned the ongoing debate in a reality and this made an aircraft fly without any intervention of humans. Later this was improved and became a first automatic pilot system in the world and was named as Sperry Aerial Torpedo after the name of its inventor. In the meanwhile The Kettering Bug which was a bomb-carrying unpiloted biplane was invented that flew on pre-assigned set of targets and was used in World War 1 from the side of United States of America.7 After the end of First World War for more than a decade, production rate of pilotless aircrafts declined sharply in the world. In the mid-1930s new UAVs were developed as a tool for combat trainings. E.g. DH.82B Queen Bee (UK) Radio planes (USA).8 During Second World War Nazi Germany utilized a pilotless airframe V-1 to drop bombs viewed as "BuzzBug"9 among partners which demonstrated a famous danger a UAV can posture in a battle. This episode drove America to deliver UAVs in bigger add up to safeguard and wipe out such risk in post war period. In 1960 distinctive remotely controlled battle vehicles were produced by significant powers and were likewise utilized as a part of Vietnam War by USA. During the late 1970s and all through the 1980s, the Israeli Air Force, spearheaded a few essential new UAVs, adaptations of which were coordinated into the UAV armadas of numerous different nations, including the U.S.10 From the beginning of 1990s and in contemporary world UAV has made their critical position in military and are also used for other commercial and peaceful purpose like weather monitoring and environment protection.11 In the near future UAV will possess a greater degree of autonomy and may work better with the development of artificial intelligence. Many states are building Micro and Macro UAVs which will work as an effective contributing factor in all modes of society. 7 We Come from the future, accessed on March 29th 2015, http://io9.com/the-first-drones-used-in-world-wari-453365075 8 UAV Universe, accessed on March 29th 2015, https://sites.google.com/site/uavuni/1920s-1930s 9 UAV Universe, accessed on March 29th 2015, https://sites.google.com/site/uavuni/1920s-1930s 10 UAV Universe, accessed on March 29th 2015, https://sites.google.com/site/uavuni/1960s-1970s 11 UAV Universe, accessed on March 29th 2015, https://sites.google.com/site/uavuni/1990s-onwards Major Producers of UAVs Numerous nations are endeavoring to develop UAVs, yet the greater part of them are either mechanically unsophisticated or are being utilized entirely for non-military purposes. The United States and Israel are the two most imperative producers of military UAVs. The United States is both the biggest producer and the most continuous client of the UAVs. The American military now has exactly 7,000 UAVs.12 Israel was the first nation which created military drone after the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, during which its aviation based armed forces maintained extensive misfortunes. Israel is likewise a top UAV exporter. As Israel and Turkey doesn’t have good diplomatic relations but still Turkey is using Israel-made drones. Israel has allegedly sold parts and technology for upwards of 60 of its Orbiter 2M and Aerostar UAVs to Azerbaijan, one of Israel's nearest Muslim country. Other countries Like UK, Australia, Japan, China and Russia are also advancing their drones technology and it is believed that Australia will become number one in exporting commercial drones after U.S. How UAV works? UAV is composed of light material which enables it to fly at higher altitudes. An infrared camera, GPS guided system, sensors and other secret hardware and software are used in its machinery. UAVs work with the help of two main important systems; Guidance system which is embedded inside its machinery and a ground control system which remotely controls the unmanned aerial vehicle. UAV is not just a vehicle but a whole system that involves a control station (One or several), communication links, and satellites. An operator from ground control station flies UAV and monitors its whole flight from launch to takeoff. Its control can also be handed over to the other operator when it is out of range from the 1st control station’s operator. UAV gathers information in form of images or speech and sends to the control station with the assistance of satellite and GPS system. For Example: U.S.’s UAV missions in Iraq and Afghanistan are flown by operators in USA. But due to its range and technical issues their takeoff and landing was handed over to control stations present in Iraq and Afghanistan air bases. Launch System: There is a variety of launch systems available for UAVs. There are different UAV launch systems classified on the basis of the weight they can carry and the velocity they can create. Some have pneumatic (high and low pressure), hydraulic, and elastic rubber bands energies in their launching system. Generally these are of four types; Pneumatic catapult, JATO/RATO Launch, Air Launch and Runway Launch. "Drones – Who Makes Them And Who Has Them?", Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, accessed on March 29th 2015, http://www.rferl.org/content/drones_who_makes_them_and_who_has_them/24469168.html 12 Recovery Technique: Recuperation plans are controlled by application and UAV size, the pattern is toward auto land ability. The UAVs are recovered with different mediums which are; Mid-Air retrieval system also known as MARS, Parachute, Net and conventional landing. Applications of UAV: Unmanned aerial vehicles have proved themselves vital in both civil and defense sectors. Originally this tool was invented for security and military purpose but now in the present era, the world has seen an enormous increase in commercial application of UAV. In this section of the article, applications of UAVs are discussed in two broad fields; Civil & Military. In the last decade the success of UAVs in military led to the evolution of UAVs in commercial or civil sector to make things easier and accurate in approach. Today in contemporary world UAV is used in almost every mode of life. UAVs are extensively used in monitoring of areas affected by natural disaster, weather monitoring, geological survey, agriculture, mining, carrying supplies for humanitarian purpose, to drop orders from one place to the other, law enforcement and rescue services, photography & filming, first hand medical care, transportation and in news agencies for news gathering and accurate reporting. Amazon Prime Air is an UAV developed by Amazon to drop orders under 10-mile radius in 30 minutes which will be functional in couple of years.13 Another important example of civil UAV is 3D Robotics14 developed by Chris Anderson an ex journalist who is taking UAV technology in another shape and aims to revise the world with this technology. It is important to remember that UAVs used in civil sectors are of different size and machinery in respect to UAVs used in military services. These are of two types which are used in civil sectors; Reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles and Research & development Unmanned aerial vehicles.15 Unmanned aerial vehicles have played a major role in covert operations and direct conflicts of major powers of the world. The main objective of developing unmanned aerial vehicle was to minimize the collateral damage and accurate target hitting. Today this tool has become an integral part of a state’s defense lines without the discrimination of developing or developed states and now they are contributing extensively to attain almost all the major purposes of a military. They are used for surveillance, intelligence gathering, Reconnaissance, launching a missile, dropping a bomb on enemy, combat search and rescue, battle field monitoring, electronic attacks, to send supplies for Troops and most importantly to destroy the enemy air defense and chemical, biological weapon positions. Unmanned aerial vehicle used in military are of different types based on the function they perform. For example for reconnaissance a micro unmanned aerial vehicle can be used and for launching a missile or in combat we need UAV of a greater size and different machinery. There are three types of UAVs which are used 13 "Amazon Chief Reveals Drone Delivery System", Time, accessed on March 29th, 2015, http://techland.time.com/2013/12/01/amazon-bezos-drones/ 14 3D Robotics, accessed on March 30th, 2015, http://3drobotics.com/ 15 Types of UAVs, The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ in military service which are; Reconnaissance UAVs, combat unmanned aerial vehicles and target and decoy UAVs.16 UAV: An effective military strategy Unmanned aerial vehicles have proved their worth in military services and became a win contributing factor. After looking at facts and figures we can surly say that they have been more successful and effective than piloted aerial vehicles. The significance of UAV with reference to military strategy is discussed below: 1- In old times warriors used to fight hand to hand in the fields and with the advancement of technology different kinds of weapons were invented which increased the distance between these two. Now this game has been changed with the invention of UAV which has increased the distance between the target and the warrior carrying that weapon which is a very important factor for modern warfare. 2- By using UAV one can easily locate and destroy any moving target with the target recognition software. 3- By righteousness of their reach, persistence and elevation capacities, UAVs upgrade the capacity to venture military power whose continuance is far better than steered aircrafts. Due to these underlined reasons, UAVs can perform undertakings and missions which are extremely difficult for piloted vehicles, of which assaulting concoction and organic warfare stations and destroying enemy air defenses are the main problems. Being persistent gives UAV a great strategic advantage. 4- The invention of UAV has reduced the risk to Human lives by operating at a distance which is called as maximum gain and minimal loss in military terms. UAV is of great significance when political and ecological conditions are not in favor of using piloted systems. 5- Human is to err and to minimize this problem UAV is the best alternative which is costeffective and free of human errors as it is programmed with the advanced technology. 6- In a serious conflict of modern world, state’s prior objective is to gather intelligence about enemy’s top secret defense lines including biological, nuclear and chemical weapon stations by moving closely to that areas. To attain this objective piloted aircraft is not a best option because it can risk to pilot’s life, but UAV can perform this task more effectively and with the zero risk. 7- In the modern world to know your enemy is one of the major contributing factor to win the war and this can only happen with the help of reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence gathering by staying in enemy lines for a longer period. UAV is a best tool for this purpose because it can stay in air for a long time and can perform this function through image processing with the help of installed infra-red cameras. It also minimizes the risk of double agents. 8- One of the principal advantage of UAV in modern strategy is that it is precise and accurate in target hitting by minimizing the collateral damage, which was not possible 16 Types of UAVs, The UAV, accessed March 29th, 2015, http://www.theuav.com/ before the invention of UAV. So in technical terms by using UAV a state can minimize the collateral damage in a conflict or war. 9- UAVs used for reconnaissance are small, stealthy, can fly at higher altitudes and are soundless which makes them difficult to detect under standard radar, and enhances their importance for modern strategy. 10- The cost-effectiveness and light weight of UAV gives them a higher place in military strategy over piloted heavy vehicles. UAVs are easy to carry from one place to the other, oil consumption is less, low cost on training of a pilot, engine saving and maintenance of aircrafts is easy and cheap. 11- The ultimate goal of war is winning without fighting which in modern world can be termed as no physical intervention. To attain this great strategy UAVs are the best tool to do your job without physical intervention. 12- Remote control system of UAVs gives another advantage to the operators that they can change their shifts easily at ground by handing over the control to the other. UAV: An effective tool for civil strategy Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used as an effective tool for modern civil strategy to strengthen the economy of a state by giving a new dimension to all sectors like business, agriculture, media, law and enforcement agencies, network providers, mobile communications, socializing networks and much more. This will transform the way people think and manage their tasks and routines. Using UAV as a tool for civil strategy news or entertainment channels and film making industries can get perfect shots for their reporting and movies. All the tasks given below can be managed and regulated effectively by using unmanned aerial vehicles in a commercial sector.              Flaunting homes and encompassing neighborhoods for real state companies who need to separate themselves from others Providing football players with exceptional features to practice and to solve their special difficulties Temporarily extending cellphone gathering at enormous occasions Searching thick timberlands or remote mountains for enthusiastic hikers and mountaineers Delivering supplies for medical care services Performing security checks of remote railroad spans Inspecting roadway bridges without closing down traffic paths Search and rescue missions during natural disasters Helping researchers’ and scientists to see inside tropical storms, tornadoes and volcanoes which are of greater risk for humans Assessing threats of natural disaster before it happens For monitoring weather and traffic Providing internet network at backward and under developed areas Delivering books, groceries, DVDs from one place to the other in no time for enthusiasts    Providing land inspection and crops monitoring to farmers Law and enforcement agencies can use drones as an effective strategy for surveillance and to monitor crime happening in the city. UAVs can also be effective for marketing companies and it can transform the way they interact with consumers and make advertisements UAV: A case Study of United States of America The United States is both the biggest maker and the most successive client of the UAV in military circumstances. The development of the drone business sector is for the most part energized by military associations in the United States. The United States as of now uses an extensive variety of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) frameworks - extending from micro UAVs, sufficiently little to fit in a fighter's hand, to huge UAVs. For example, the Air Force's Predator which is utilized for both surveillance and air assaults. Previously, drones have been sent over in recent conflict zones, for example, Iraq and Afghanistan. Armed force Unmanned Aircraft Systems contributed 3 million hours of flight time during this attempt, offering validity to the market of drones. As indicated by late reports, the Pentagon now has almost 7,000 aeronautical drones. The monetary year 2016 financial plan included $2.9 billion for drone exploration, advancement, and acquisition. This figure speaks to the known expenses; it does exclude financing that may be characterized. The CIA has around 30 Predator and Reaper drones, which are working under Air Force pilots from a U.S. army base in an anonymous U.S. state. The Department of Homeland Security has no less than ten unarmed Predator drones, costing give or take $62 million a year. Predator and Reaper cost about $2,500-3,500 every flight hour; bigger outfitted frameworks, for example, the military's Global Hawk cost around 10 times as much: pretty nearly $30,000 every flight hour.17 U.S drones vary from heavy to medium weightage, performing reconnaissance to missile carrying and sky warriors. These are playing their roles in all subfields of military like Army, Navy, Marines, Air force, Air National Guard, Army SOCOM and Air force SOCOM. Major drones of USA are: RQ-5A Hunter, RQ-4A Global Hawk, RQ-4B Global Hawk, MQ-1C Grey Eagle, CQ-10 Snow goose and MQ-1B Predator.18 U.S have used her drones in all major conflicts and wars. After world war two the production rate of drones in US have increased at larger scale. US used UAVs for reconnaissance, target and decoy, intelligence gathering and for surveillance. Vietnam war, Yemen Crises, Libya, Afghanistan and Iraq war, Pakistan’s tribal areas, target killing of Al-Qaeda Leaders and Abbotabad operation of capturing Usama Bin Laden are the obvious examples of UAV usage of U.S. 17 "Understanding Drones", Friends Committee on National Legislation, accessed on March 30th, 2015, http://fcnl.org/issues/foreign_policy/understanding_drones/ 18 "Understanding Drones", Friends Committee on National Legislation, accessed on March 30th, 2015, http://fcnl.org/issues/foreign_policy/understanding_drones/ Reason behind US increased production of UAVs and the Hidden Agenda: Now as we know that U.S is the largest producer and exporter of UAVs in the world but we don’t know that what is the purpose of increasing UAV production and what are the purposes U.S wants to achieve? To answer this question we have to consider the current international system of the world which is Unipolar and U.S as the hegemon. On the other side we can see that new world order i.e. multipolar world is emerging. In the emerging trend of multipolar world U.S wants to maintain its hegemony. U.S believes that if she couldn’t maintain her hegemony in the world it will threaten her security. To maintain its hegemony UAVs are the major tool of U.S which can be used for surveilling the new major states like China and Russia. As per historical record of U.S, she intends to use UAV for humanitarian purposes and to maintain peace in the world, being the so called sole promoter of peace. To keep a check and balance on other states and non-state actors U.S believes on the effectiveness of UAVs. After looking at these facts we can analyze that U.S intends to achieve its hidden agenda by using UAV at large scale in the near future and will invest more in manufacturing UAVs because this is the only tool for her to be successful in her objectives and this will enable her to respond precisely to the emerging challenges. Pakistan: A case Study In the race of unmanned aerial vehicles Pakistan is also self-sufficient and has developed around 32 different kinds of UAVs for surveillance, reconnaissance, target and decoy, research and development, search and rescue, intelligence gathering and for launching missiles and bombs at combats but Pakistan still has to go a long way in the development of UAVs. The exact figure of UAVs developed by Pakistan is not known but there is a list provided by a classified source which is mentioned below: Pakistan Aeronautical Complex:19    Ababeel & Ababeel III: It is a small scale drone for hitting the target Baaz UAV: It is larger in size and can hit the target at larger scale Falco UAV: This drone is actually a version of Italian drone and can hit the target at larger scale SATUMA:20      Flamingo UAV: A drone developed for the purpose of reconnaissance and medium in range FST UAV: FST stands for full scale trainer and very obvious in purpose from his name. HST UAV: Half Scale Trainer unmanned aerial vehicle Jasoos: It is an Urdu word which means spy, the function of this drone is reconnaissance Jasoos II: This UAV is developed for the purpose of Tactical range reconnaissance Aircraft Ma ufacturi g Co pa , Pakista Aero autical Co ple Ka ra, accessed o 31 st March, 2015, http://www.pac.org.pk/amf 20 SATUMA Pakistan, accessed on 31st March, 2015, http://www.satuma.com.pk/ 19      Mukhbaar: It is a short range UAV used for reconnaissance. Satuma NB-X2: Shooting Star: A high speed drone to hit a target Stingray: A micro unmanned aerial vehicle developed for the purpose of surveillance. Tunder: These are of two types, one is short range and second one is long range developed for the purpose of hitting a target Integrated Dynamics:21             Border Eagled: For border surveilling Explorer: A research and development drone Firefly: To launch Missiles or dropping bombs Hawk MK-V Hornet: For the purpose of surveillance HUMA I: A remote sensing drone Nishan MK-II: A high velocity drone for hitting a target Nishan TJ-1000: A target drone which is Jet powered Rover: This is designed for scientific date gathering purpose Shadow MK-II: For the purpose of surveillance Tornado: A decoy Drone Vector, Vision MK-I, Vision MK-II: All these drones are for Surveillance and later is for large scale surveillance Others:22       Aerobot: This is developed by Pakistan Aerospace for different search purposes NESCOM Burraq & Burraq UCAV: These are the combat drones developed by NESCOM Bazz, Jumbo Bazz & Mini Electric: These drones are for locating and hitting the target developed by Technocrafts. Later is a Silent unmanned aerial Vehicle. Shahpar: This is developed by Global Industrial and Defense Solutions(GIDS) Uqab: A drone which carries Reconnaissance in real time and is developed by Advanced Computing & Engineering Solutions (ACES) Uqab-II: It is the Naval Version of Uqab which is now part of Pakistan Navy Products , I tegrated D a ics, accessed o March 31st, 2015, http://www.idaerospace.com/# Pakista , Wikipedia, accessed o March 31st,2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 21 2222 UAV Strategy Sun Tzu’s Perspective: Sun Tzu said: 1- “According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one’s plans.”23 In reference to this quote Pakistan military should change the way of dealing with terrorists and plans in respective of changing circumstances. Pakistan is an ally on U.S war on terror, have operated different operations against insurgencies and Al-Qaeda operating in Pakistani region especially in FATA and certain areas of KPK. In the current situation Pakistan is still going through country wide operations and facing certain after effects and lost many lives in the battle including civilian lives in suicide bombings. On another side of Pakistan in Baluchistan major insurgencies are taking place and enemy is using that platform to hurt Pakistan badly in the future. The industrial city of Pakistan Karachi has become a symbol of target killing and clashes between political rivals are the everyday news on Pakistan media channels. In respective of 5years ago or a decade ago today Pakistan is going through a very critical situation and to handle this situation in a better and intellectual way, there is an urgent need of changing the way to deal with all these problems. This beautiful invention of UAV can be the solution and a major win contributing factor for Pakistan’s military and can bring better opportunities for them. 2- “When able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.”24 As discussed above that UAVs cannot be detected on radars because of their high altitudes and less developments of such systems which makes them invisible and silent to some extent. This creates an element of surprise in military strategy which is also a Trinity principle of Clausewitz. This is of two types; Firstly, enemy will be unaware that you are having an air view of enemy’s territory by using reconnaissance drones. Secondly, it makes your enemy doubtful about the time, place and potential of attack. 3- “Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.”25 Knowing your enemy’s strengths and weaknesses makes one victorious. As UAVs are mostly hidden but effective in performing their duties as spy so they can provide these essentials to Pakistan’s military without any risk to human lives. By enabling with this element later enemy can be attacked on its weaker side. “u Tzu, La i g Pla s , The Art of War, accessed o April 1st, 2015, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sun-tzu/works/art-of-war/ch01.html 24 “u Tzu, La i g Pla s , The Art of War, accessed o April 1st, 2015, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sun-tzu/works/art-of-war/ch01.html 25 “u Tzu, La i g Pla s , The Art of War, accessed o April 1st, 2015, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sun-tzu/works/art-of-war/ch01.html 23 4- “To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.”26 Modern era is information based. To succeed in a conflict or war one needs to have enough information about the enemy and this can be beautiful done by using Reconnaissance and surveillance unmanned aerial vehicles. Challenges to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Although UAVs have made things easier and effective in defense perspective but still UAVs are facing few challenges in the contemporary world. The prime challenge to UAV is that it cannot possess all human capabilities like understanding and responding in the prevailing situation called as situational awareness in military terms which is of critical importance. As UAVs are programmed and remotely controlled so they are more likely to be hacked and jammed if located so what will happen then? This is also a question mark on UAV’s credibility. Another challenge to UAV is that the main purpose of its invention was to zero the collateral damage but UAVs usage in Afghanistan, Yemen and Pakistan by U.S have become a major problem where it has increased the collateral damage Although UAVs are not expansive than manned aircrafts but their loss or damage in the machinery during the operation can be more costly for a state’s military. There is a basic rule of military operation that difficulty of combat situation increases in battle space when enemy and friendly airships are mixed up. This creates a challenge for UAVs that in this situation how UAV will respond. For UAVs it is difficult to react in this situation because of its less effective system. Another challenge to the existence of UAV is that it cannot recognize or realize the threat when it is under attack which makes them at risk. These challenges can be overcome and minimize with the advancement of technology. Future Vision of UAV: Looking at current success in the development of UAV one can predict its bright future. As the world has transformed and four generations of warfare has passed by, now it’s time for UAVs to change the world in complete another form. Almost all the countries of the world are trying to be self-sufficient in developing their own drone technology. In the near future remotely controlled UAVs will be replaced by autonomous UAVs with the advancement in artificial intelligence. The current growing trend of UAVs in commercial sectors will change the way people think, interact and communicate. The business utilization of drones will get to be more regular, as the Federal Aviation Administration steadily opens U.S. airspace, however with the present context the use of small technology drones is still banned. Drones will soon start tackling a much bigger part for organizations and some individual buyers, from conveying goods and e- trade requests to reforming private security and giving earnest medicinal consideration. As drone technology advances it will create enormous and effective ways that can spare citizens cash and help “u Tzu, Tactical Dispositio s , The Art of War, accessed on April 1st, 2015, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sun-tzu/works/art-of-war/ch01.html 26 organizations serve their clients better. Increase in UAVs technology and demand can also provide solutions to the major domestic problems of Pakistan including agriculture industry. For UAVs to be more effective, precise and accurate there is a need of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles to be developed with the advancement in artificial intelligence. This will null and void the situational awareness challenge against UAVs. Unmanned aerial systems markets at $609 million in 2014 are forecasted to bring in more than $4.8 billion, worldwide by 2021.27 Conclusion: Unmanned aerial vehicle is the new invention of 21st century which has become popular in last decade and have become a part of all activities done by states, organizations, INGOs, MNCs and other business and defense sectors. States like Pakistan needs to understand the worth of UAVs and should structure a way to use them for problem solving. UAVs have marked a new era and proved themselves the real game changing agents. It is predicted that whether we accept it or not UAVs will become a contributing factor in all major fields. Pakistan’s major problem is its economy which can be strengthen by using UAVs in agriculture and it can change the way farmers manage their crops. Pakistan also needs to focus on producing more UAVs for civil sectors, this will strengthen the aviation industry as well as the economy of Pakistan. 27 PRWeb Online Visibility from Vocus, accessed on April 1st, 2015, http://www.prweb.com/releases/2015/01/prweb12437513.htm Bibliography:            Glade, David. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Implications for military operations" Centre for strategy and Technology Air War College 16 (2000) Barnhart, Richard K. and Others. Stephen Hottman, Douglas M. marshall, Eric Shappee: Introduction to unmanned aerial vehicles (USA: CRC Press, 2010) UAV. http://www.theuav.com/ UAV. "UAV Types" http://www.theuav.com/uav_types.html Austin, R. 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