EEPB 2024 Programme
Simone Grosso
Chantal Willborn
Charignon AndreaEEPB 2024 Programme
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Archaeologists have always strived to understand the origins and characteristics of the people they study. In doing so, they inevitably create Identities of past individuals, groups and cultures. These Identities are usually based on various factors such as gender, sex, ethnicity, race, religion or social status. However, recent studies have highlighted that Identity is a highly intricate and fluid concept that goes beyond often-used binary concepts. In the Humanities, Identity is a highly complex and multifaceted concept that is defined in various ways by ethnographic, historical, sociological, psychological and philosophical approaches. In anthropology, for instance, Identity has been a frequently used term to describe the idea of selfhood, often in reference to Eriksonian concepts. This refers to the individual properties that make a person unique and distinct from others. Stuart Hall, on the other hand, proposes that Identity should be viewed as a process in order to acknowledge the reality of diverse and constantly evolving social experiences. In the field of archaeology, Identities are often sketched out on the scale of protohistoric communities through settlement studies and material culture. However, thanks to new approaches in material studies and modern techniques like a-DNA analysis, isotopes, nanoLC-MS/MS and biological anthropology, we might be able to shed new light on past Identities. The human body, which can be an essential medium to express one’s personhood, social status, belonging or detachment from cultural groups, is becoming a new object of study from which we may be able to rewrite protohistoric biographies. Studying past Identities is not limited to individuals alone but can also be examined through socio-economic, ideological and environmental factors that influence groups and cultures. For instance, access to resources and knowledge, hierarchical systems, and inherent inequality can shape collective Identity. Can we utilize settlement, migration, ethnographical, historical and landscape studies to redefine protohistoric Identities and territories? Another point to consider is that the study of Identity is often influenced by researchers’ economic, social, and ideological backgrounds or agendas, which can distort our perception of past Identities. These biases can arise from the creation of archaeological research programmes all the way through to popularization and communication with the general public, in which different concepts of Identity can be conveyed. In this regard, our aim is to critically reflect on how research institutions across Europe are developing and communicating different concepts of Identity to the general public. As archaeologists, our understanding of the past heavily relies on objects and contexts. However, it is important to pause and reflect on whether and how these sources can truly represent the Identities of past individuals and groups. Moreover, we have to ask ourselves, can we confidently create narratives about past Identities, and how much of these created narratives are simply a reflection of our Self? In this Doctoral Meeting, we aim to thoroughly discuss the concept of Identity and its definition. We will delve into how this topic was approached in past archaeological research, explore our (in-)ability to create past Identities and determine if we possess the necessary tools to communicate these past Identities to the general public.
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To identity and beyond: exploring the limits of the archaeological study of identity
2021
The concept of identity has been a focus for scholarly attention in archaeology for the last three decades. This thesis investigates the methodological problems and possibilities of the archaeological applicability of identity.By exploring the constraints on interpretation and the ways in which other disciplines, notably anthropology and social psychology, investigate the concept the epistemological boundary conditions within which archaeological interpretations of the past in terms of identity are made is sketched. Archaeology's engagement with 'identity' is assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. A quantitative analysis of the occurrence of the term 'identity' in six journals covering the period 1990-2018 provides a (relatively course-grained) sense of the magnitude of the discipline's commitment of recourses to studying this subject. This quantitative analysis is complemented by a more in-depth, qualitative analysis of nine monographs dedicated to ...
Identity Crisis: Archaeological Perspectives on Social Identity.
Identity Crisis As a component of daily practice, identity itself is a characteristic of both individuals and groups. The construction and maintenance of identity in the past may not have been straightforward; many of our social categories such as race, gender, and social status likely did not hold the same meaning to the people of the past (Meskell 2001; Wynne-Jones and Croucher 2007). Theorizing social identity in archaeology thus warrants recognition that, although our subjects are dead and long-buried, they were once people with lives, friends, goals and senses of self. We should, therefore, study past identities through the reconstruction of daily practices and social interactions to gain a greater understanding of the people of the past. Michel Foucault has argued that identity is a form of social construction which people impose on themselves and others (Foucault 1994). The contributions to this volume highlight the fact that there are, indeed, multiple, layered and plural identities, created through both self-definition and the perceptions of others. Consequently, the concepts and definitions of identity discussed in this volume are dynamic, changing with history, environment and socio-political relations (Martindale 2009; Wynne-Jones and Croucher 2007). For archaeologists who are forced to examine a static record, it is important to recognize the dynamic nature of social identity and to adopt a more active view of the archaeological record in which the construction of identity occurs as a fluid and continuous process (Meskell 2001). As archaeologists, we often operate under the assumption that artifacts and material remains have a direct relationship with social identity (Casella and Fowler 2005). Although material remains do serve as a good indication of social identity in many cases, this explicitly material focus is not necessarily justified. As the contributors to this volume show, the examination of material culture is only one of many ways in which social identity can be accessed in the archaeological record. Because identity is the product of social processes, the study of the daily lives of groups and individuals through material remains, iconography, communal events, dietary practices or burial customs can lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of identity construction and maintenance within a given culture (McGuire and Wurst 2002). As the contributions in this volume illustrate, the question of identity in archaeology is intriguing given the different approaches to identity construction and the different responses of individuals to social stimuli in past societies. The articles included in this volume explore the study of identity in a variety of contexts, ask different questions and offer new interpretations of the archaeological record. The Contributions The papers in this volume represent only a small subset of a wide range of papers from different regions and countries presented at the 2009 Chacmool Conference. The diverse array papers presented here should include something for everyone, from new approaches or ways of looking at identity in the archaeological record to new perspectives on social identity. Archaeologists in the Old and New Worlds are faced with different problems, materials and social contexts in their approaches to the study of identity. For organizational purposes, we have opted to present the papers dealing with the Old World first, followed by those dealing with New World culture areas, but we encourage our readers to explore the innovative approaches used in other parts of the world which may, in fact, have applicability in their own culture area. However, the volume begins with a paper by Andrew Gardner, the keynote speaker at the 2009 Conference, who presents a discussion of theoretical approaches and considerations in the archaeological study of identity. He discusses the fluid and multiple nature of social identity, which make it difficult to discover this ever-changing concept in the archaeological record. Identities, Gardner suggests, have the power to both divide and unite present and past populations. He nevertheless suggests that social identity can and should be studied archaeologically and presents a number of theoretical and methodological techniques for doing so. Gardner‘s encouragement to take up thestudy of social identity provides a nice lead into the remaining papers of the volume.
Embodying identity in archaeology: introduction
Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2003
Archaeology of identity: introduction
The article raises problematic issues of ethnic interpretation of early medieval archaeological evidence from a historian's perspective, and discusses several aspects of identity and ethnicity in the period.
Identity/Crisis." Archaeological Dialogues 10/1:77-95 (2003)
Archaeology has an identity problem. At least three factors are involved. The postmodern view of radical instability has collided with processual aversions towards 'meaning', resulting in a stalemate regarding the past. Modern problems with identity, including the role of the past and archaeology itself, have generated additional confusion. Identity is a hall of mirrors which parallels other epistemological debates in archaeology, all of which revolve around the divide between realism and idealism. Archaeology cannot resolve this problem. The solution is not, however, to become either better technicians or more strident ideologues, but to become more informed contributors to larger debates in the human sciences and philosophy, in an atmosphere of civility and pluralism.
Expanding Identity: Archaeology, the Humanities, and the Social Sciences
Exploring Prehistoric Identity: our construct or theirs? V. Ginn, R. Enlander and R. Crozier (eds) Oxford: Oxbow., 2014
«Collective Representations and Identity Construction: The Material Constraints of Archaeology». In European Archaeology: Identities and Migrations. Hommages à Jean-Paul Demoule (L. Manolokakis, N. Schlanger & A. Coudart eds.). Leiden, Sidestone Press: 69-83.
2017
For two decades, archaeology is committed to a resolute critique of its (past!) connivance with nationalism and the construction of the identity discourse. This critical approach, which is a priori an encouraging development, is however often based on scientist disciplinary premises, which do not meet the requirements of reflexivity. In other words, historical criticism merely leads to the absolution of the archaeological discipline in its present state. While this convenient historiography obviously satisfies many archaeologists, it also fuels unfortunate misunderstandings among our colleagues in the social sciences. It reinforces some tenacious prejudices as to the allegedly "natural" ideological malleability of the examination of archaeological data. Considering the crucial importance of interdisciplinary dialogue in this field, we ought therefore to foster truly reflexive analyses of the relation between archaeology and identity construction. In our eyes, such analyses should go beyond the mere challenging of past interpretations, and embrace, more fundamentally, the epistemological and methodological specificities of the archaeological discipline. Such is the aim of this contribution, which provocatively bases upon the case-study of the history of research on Neolithic and Bronze age lakeshore settlements around the Alps and the rise of the "lake-dwelling myth" during the second half of the 19th century. Paradoxically, this paradigmatic example of ideological instrumentalization of archaeology actually allows us to highlight the limits imposed upon the possible manipulation of archaeological facts. For even in such a blatant case, the instrumentalization remains subjected to the tangible material constraints of archaeological sources.
ANNONCE DES Xe RENCONTRES DOCTORALES
ANNOUNCING THE 10th DOCTORAL MEETING
Identity and the Self
How Archaeology Creates Protohistoric Identities
Identité et Soi
Comment l'archéologie crée des identités protohistoriques
Rencontres doctorales / Excursion et atelier /
Doctoral meeting Excursion and workshop
14 - 16 mars 2024 17 - 18 mars 2024
14th - 16th March 2024 17th - 18th March 2024
Programme
contact : [email protected]
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
10ème Rencontres Doctorales de
l'Ecole Européenne de Protohistoire de Bibracte
Identité et Soi
Comment l'archéologie crée des identités protohistoriques
Les archéologues se sont toujours efforcés de comprendre les origines et les caractéristiques
des populations qu’ils étudient. Ce faisant, ils créent inévitablement des identités d’individus,
de groupes et de cultures du passé. Ces Identités sont généralement fondées sur divers
facteurs tels que le genre, le sexe, l'origine ethnique, la race, la religion ou le statut social.
Cependant, des études récentes ont souligné que l’identité est un concept très complexe et
fluide qui va au-delà des concepts binaires souvent utilisés.
En sciences humaines, l'identité est un concept très complexe et multiforme qui est défini de
diverses manières par des approches ethnographiques, historiques, sociologiques,
psychologiques et philosophiques. En anthropologie, par exemple, l'identité est un terme
fréquemment utilisé pour décrire l’idée d’individualité, souvent en référence aux concepts
Ericksoniens. Il s’agit des propriétés individuelles qui rendent une personne unique et distincte
des autres. Stuart Hall, quant à lui, propose que l'identité soit considérée comme un processus
permettant de reconnaître la réalité d'expériences sociales diverses et en constante évolution.
Dans le domaine de l'archéologie, les identités sont souvent esquissées à l'échelle des
communautés protohistoriques à travers les études d'habitat et/ou de la culture matérielle.
Cependant, grâce à de nouvelles approches de l’anthropologie physique et à de nouvelles
techniques d’analyse des matériaux biologiques comme les isotopes, l’ADN et plus largement les
protéines (la spectrométrie de masse associée à la nano chromatographie en phase liquide, ou
nanoLC MS, étant seulement un nouveau moyen, parmi de séparer et caractériser les protéines),
nous pourrions être en mesure d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur les identités passées. Le
corps humain, qui peut être un moyen essentiel pour exprimer sa personnalité, son statut
social, son appartenance ou son détachement à des groupes culturels, devient un nouvel objet
d’étude à partir duquel nous pourrons peut-être réécrire des biographies protohistoriques.
L’étude des identités passées ne se limite pas aux seuls individus, mais peut également être
examinée à travers les facteurs socio-économiques, idéologiques et environnementaux qui
influencent les groupes et les cultures. Par exemple, l'accès aux ressources et aux
connaissances, les systèmes hiérarchiques et les inégalités inhérentes peuvent façonner
l’identité collective. Pouvons-nous utiliser les études sur les habitats, les migrations,
l’ethnographie, l’histoire et le paysage pour redéfinir les identités et les territoires
protohistoriques ?
Il faut également tenir compte du fait que la perception des identités est souvent influencée
par les antécédents économiques, sociaux et idéologiques des chercheurs. Ces biais peuvent
naître dès la création de programmes de recherche archéologique jusqu'à la vulgarisation et
la communication avec le grand public, dans lesquels différentes conceptions de l'Identité
peuvent être véhiculées. À cet égard, notre objectif est de réfléchir de manière critique à la
manière dont les instituts de recherche à travers l’Europe développent et communiquent
différents concepts d’identité au grand public.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
En tant qu' archéologues, notre compréhension du passé repose fortement sur les objets et
les contextes. Cependant, il est important de prendre du recul et de réfléchir à la question de
savoir si et comment ces sources peuvent véritablement représenter l’identité des individus
et des groupes du passé. De plus, nous devons nous demander : pouvons-nous créer en toute
confiance des récits sur les identités passées, et dans quelle mesure ces récits sont simplement
le reflet de notre Soi ? Lors de cette réunion doctorale, nous visons à discuter en profondeur
du concept d’identité et de sa définition. Nous examinerons comment ce sujet a été abordé
dans les recherches archéologiques passées, explorerons notre (in)capacité à créer des
identités passées et déterminerons si nous possédons les outils nécessaires pour les
communiquer au grand public.
Références
Erik H. Erikson, Identity and the Life Cycle (Norton 1980).
Stuart Hall, The Question of Cultural Identity. In: S. Hall, D. Held and T. McGrew (eds.), Modernity and Its Futures
(Cambridge 1992).
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
10 Doctoral Meeting of the
th
European School of Protohistory of Bibracte
Identity and the Self
How Archaeology Creates Protohistoric Identities
Archaeologists have always strived to understand the origins and characteristics of the people
they study. In doing so, they inevitably create Identities of past individuals, groups and
cultures. These Identities are usually based on various factors such as gender, sex, ethnicity,
race, religion or social status. However, recent studies have highlighted that Identity is a highly
intricate and fluid concept that goes beyond often-used binary concepts.
In the Humanities, Identity is a highly complex and multifaceted concept that is defined in
various ways by ethnographic, historical, sociological, psychological and philosophical
approaches. In anthropology, for instance, Identity has been a frequently used term to
describe the idea of selfhood, often in reference to Eriksonian concepts. This refers to the
individual properties that make a person unique and distinct from others. Stuart Hall, on the
other hand, proposes that Identity should be viewed as a process in order to acknowledge the
reality of diverse and constantly evolving social experiences.
In the field of archaeology, Identities are often sketched out on the scale of protohistoric
communities through settlement studies and material culture. However, thanks to new
approaches in material studies and modern techniques like a-DNA analysis, isotopes, nanoLC-
MS/MS and biological anthropology, we might be able to shed new light on past Identities.
The human body, which can be an essential medium to express one’s personhood, social
status, belonging or detachment from cultural groups, is becoming a new object of study from
which we may be able to rewrite protohistoric biographies.
Studying past Identities is not limited to individuals alone but can also be examined through
socio-economic, ideological and environmental factors that influence groups and cultures. For
instance, access to resources and knowledge, hierarchical systems, and inherent inequality
can shape collective Identity.
Can we utilize settlement, migration, ethnographical, historical and landscape studies to
redefine protohistoric Identities and territories?
Another point to consider is that the study of Identity is often influenced by researchers’
economic, social, and ideological backgrounds or agendas, which can distort our perception
of past Identities. These biases can arise from the creation of archaeological research
programmes all the way through to popularization and communication with the general
public, in which different concepts of Identity can be conveyed. In this regard, our aim is to
critically reflect on how research institutions across Europe are developing and
communicating different concepts of Identity to the general public.
As archaeologists, our understanding of the past heavily relies on objects and contexts.
However, it is important to pause and reflect on whether and how these sources can truly
represent the Identities of past individuals and groups. Moreover, we have to ask ourselves,
can we confidently create narratives about past Identities, and how much of these created
narratives are simply a reflection of our Self? In this Doctoral Meeting, we aim to thoroughly
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
discuss the concept of Identity and its definition. We will delve into how this topic was
approached in past archaeological research, explore our (in-)ability to create past Identities
and determine if we possess the necessary tools to communicate these past Identities to the
general public.
References
Erik H. Erikson, Identity and the Life Cycle (Norton 1980).
Stuart Hall, The Question of Cultural Identity. In: S. Hall, D. Held and T. McGrew (eds.), Modernity and Its Futures
(Cambridge 1992).
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Organizing Committee
Sabrina Autenrieth, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University (the
Netherlands); Research Assistant “Human Past”, PACEA Université de Bordeaux (France)
Clara Millot-Richard, PhD, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, UMR 8215 Trajectoires
(France)
Chantal Willborn, PhD Candidate, Université Rennes 2, Laboratoire LAHM, UMR 6566 CReAAH
(France)
Nevenka Atanasoska, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Arts, University of South Bohemia in České
Budějovice (Czechia)
Simone Grosso, PhD Candidate, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Sapienza Università di
Roma (Italy)
Ondřej Šťastný, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Arts, University of South Bohemia in České
Budějovice (Czechia)
Daniel Ciucălău, PhD, independent researcher
Romain Bussone, PhD Candidate, ASM, UMR 5140, Université Paul Valéry, CNRS, Labex
Archimede, Montpellier (France)
Scientific Committee
Anne-Marie Adam, Emeritus Professor, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7044 Archimède
(France)
Stéphanie Adroit, Lecturer, ASM, UMR 5140, Université Paul Valéry, CNRS, Labex Archimede,
Montpellier (France)
Philippe Barral, Professor, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR 6249 Chrono-
Environnement, Besançon (France)
Reine-Marie Bérard, Chargée de Recherche, CNRS, Centre Camille Jullian, Maison
méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme, Université Aix-Marseille (France)
Ondřej Chvojka, Professor, Institute of Archaeology, University of South Bohemia in České
Budějovice, (Czechia)
Mario Denti, Professor, Université Rennes 2, Laboratoire LAHM (France)
Vincent Guichard, General Director, Bibracte – Centre archéologique européen (France)
Sophie Krausz, Professor, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, UMR 8215 Trajectoires
(France)
Claude Mordant, Emeritus Professor, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR 6298
ARTEHIS, Dijon (France)
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Thibaud Poigt, Postdoctoral fellow, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, UMR 5607 Ausonius et
5608 TRACES (France)
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Professor, Universität Wien (Austria)
Joëlle Rolland, Researcher, UMR 8215 Trajectoires, CNRS (France)
Réjane Roure, Professor, ASM, UMR 5140, Université Paul Valéry, CNRS, Labex Archimede,
Montpellier (France)
Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof, Curator, National Museum of Antiquities Leiden (the
Netherlands)
Stefan Wirth, Professor, Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6298 ARTEHIS, Dijon (France)
Keynote speakers
Prof. Mario Denti (Rennes University) - Migrations égéennes et identités indigènes en Italie
méridionale à l’âge du Fer : comment lire la documentation archéologique ?
Prof. Katharina Rebay-Salisbury (Universität Wien) - Identity and the human body in later
prehistoric Europe.
Dr. Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof (National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden; the Overdressed
Archeologist) - Connected in Death: Elite Identities in Iron Age Funerary Practices.
Workshop on Science Communication and Museology
Linda Dielemans (Artefiction) - In the mind's eye. The power of stories in archaeological
outreach.
Dr. Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof (National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden; the Overdressed
Archeologist) - Doggerland Identities: Scientists and Beach Combers Combine Forces.
Museum Team of Bibracte
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Horaire
Schedule
Mercredi, 13 mars 2024
Wednesday, 13th March 2024
14:00-19:00 Arrivée des participants / Arrival of the participants
Jeudi, 14 mars 2024
Thursday, 14th March 2024
Session 1: Identité et espace / Identity and space
1.1: Sphères d'identité : Territoires, mémoire et lieux /
Spheres of Identity: Territories, memory and places
Moderator: Ondřej Chvojka
10:00-10:10 Accueil par Anne-Marie Adam et le comité d’organisation /
Welcome by Anne-Marie Adam and the Organizing Committee
10:10-10:35 Mario Denti (Université Rennes 2) - online Keynote
Migrations égéennes et identités indigènes en Italie méridionale à l'âge du
Fer: comment lire la documentation archéologique?
„Aegean migrations and indigenous identities in southern Italy during the Iron
Age: how to read the archaeological record?“
10:35-10:55 Café de Bienvenue / Welcome coffee
10:55-11:20 Jiří Geršl (Masaryk University, Brno)
Lower Thaya region as a part of the new socioeconomic organization of the
3rd century BC.
„La région de la Basse Thaya comme élément de la nouvelle organisation
socio-économique du IIIe siècle av. J.C.“
11:20-11:45 Julia Gustafson (Cambridge University)
Memory, Monuments and the Formation of Identity in Sardinia.
„Mémoire, monuments et formation de l'identité en Sardaigne.“
11:45-12:00 Discussion sur la sous-session 1.1 / Discussion on subsession 1.1
12:00-14:00 Pause déjeuner / Lunch break
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
1.2: Construire des identités / Building Identities
Moderator: Réjane Roure
14:00-14:25 Charlotte Defer (Université de Bourgogne)
D’une identité à l’autre? Construire « à la romaine » en territoire éduen :
l’exemple de la domus PC2 à Bibracte.
„From one identity to another? Building in the Roman style in Aeduan
territory: the example of the domus PC2 at Bibracte.“
14:25-14:35 Sébastien Corniot (Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3) - poster
Des fortifications de type gréco-romain sur des oppida dans le triangle bas-
rhodanien aux IIe et Ier s. avant J.-C. : une culture gallo-grecque?
„Greco-Roman fortifications on oppida in the Lower Rhône triangle in the 2nd
and 1st centuries BC: a Gallo-Greek culture?“
14:35-15:00 Discussion sur la sous-session 1.2 / Discussion on subsession 1.2
15:00-15:25 Pause / Coffee break
1.3: Dynamiques culturelles et identités urbaines / Cultural dynamics and urban Identities
Moderator: Stefan Wirth
15:25-15:50 Jinoh Kim (University of Cambridge)
Fragile cities: imagined communities within a fractal assemblage.
„Villes fragiles: communautés imaginées au sein d'un assemblage fractal“
15:50-16:15 Franka Ovčarić (University of Zagreb) - online
Exploring Cultural Crossroads: Challenges in Unraveling Protohistoric Realms
in the Prigorje Region.
„Exploration des carrefours culturels : Défis dans l'exploration des domaines
protohistoriques dans la région de Prigorje“
16:15-16:25 Arianna Guzzon (Università di Trento) - poster
The Raeti and the impact of the Roman conquest north and south of the Alps:
two case studies.
„Les Raeti et l'impact de la conquête romaine au nord et au sud des Alpes : deux
études de cas.“
16:25-17:00 Discussion sur la sous-session 1.3 et la session 1 / Discussion on subsession
1.3 and session 1
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Vendredi, 15 mars 2024
Friday, 15th March 2024
Session 2: L'identité à travers la matérialité et la consommation /
Identity through Materiality & Consumption
2.1: L'identité à travers la distinction / Identity through Divergence
Moderator: Stéphanie Adroit
9:00-9:25 Federica Galetta (Università degli Studi di Salerno; Université de Bourgogne)
Morphologies and Decorative Schemes of Italo-Geometric Pottery: Case
Studies from the Campanian mesogaia in the Orientalizing period.
„Morphologies et schémas décoratifs de la poterie italo-géométrique : Études
de cas de la mesogaia campanienne à l'époque orientalisante“
9:25-9:50 Chantal Willborn (Université Rennes) - online
Modeler l’argile et façonner l’identité. Identités potières grecques et indigènes
en Italie méridionale et en Sicile au premier âge du Fer.
„Modelling clay and shaping identity. Greek and indigenous pottery identities in
southern Italy and Sicily during the Early Iron Age.“
9:50-10:15 Sofia Servoli (Sapienza Università di Roma)
“The Importance of Being Etruscan”: How Material Culture Shapes the Identity
of Inhabitants and Visitors at Pyrgi, Ancient Port of Cerveteri (RM).
„L'importance d'être étrusque" : Comment la culture matérielle façonne
l'identité des habitants et des visiteurs à Pyrgi, ancien port de Cerveteri (RM).“
10:15-10:40 Discussion sur la sous-session 2.1 / Discussion on subsession 2.1
10:40-11:05 Pause / Coffee break
2.2: La politique de la vie quotidienne: Artisanat et consommation /
The Politics of daily life: Craftsmanship and consumption
Moderator: Sophie Krausz
11:05-11:30 Anaïs de Roux (Université de Toulouse)
Meating identities: new perspectives on animal consumption in French Late
Bronze Age pile-dwellings.
„A la rencontre d’identités carnassières : nouvelles perspectives sur la
consommation d'animaux dans les habitats lacustres de la fin de l'âge du Bronze
en France.“
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
11:30-11:55 Caleb Ranum (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre; University of
Alabama)
Early Iron Age Food and Identity in the Middle Danube Region.
„Alimentation et identité au début de l'âge du fer dans la région du Danube
moyen.“
11:55-14:00 Pause déjeuner / Lunch break
14:00-14:25 Emanuela Rudnicka (University of Warsaw) - online
Pre-Columbian Work Baskets of Wari culture: Ancient Technology and the
Identity of a Basket Maker at the Royal Court in Castillo de Huarmey, Peru.
„Paniers de travail précolombiens de la culture Wari: Technologie ancienne et
identité d'un vannier à la cour royale de Castillo de Huarmey, Pérou.“
14:25-14:50 Discussion sur la sous-session 2.2 et session 2 / Discussion on subsession 2.2
and session 2
14:50-15:15 Pause / Coffee break
Session 3: Des identités personnelles aux identités collectives /
From personal to collective Identities
3.1: Corps et hiérarchies / Bodies & Hierarchies
Moderator: Anne-Marie Adam
15:15-15:40 Io Cruz Vera (Université Paris)
Early Iron Age Tartessos (Spain): defining the identity of a princely complex.
“Tartessos (Espagne) au premier âge du Fer : définition de l'identité d'un
complexe princier.”
15:40-16:05 Katharina Rebay-Salisbury (University of Vienna) - Keynote
Identity and the human body in later prehistoric Europe.
„Identité et corps humain dans l'Europe de la préhistoire récente.“
16:05-16:35 Discussion sur la sous-session 3.1 / Discussion on subsession 3.1
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Samedi, 16 mars 2024
Saturday, 16th March 2024
3.2: Réécriture des identités / Re-writing Identities
Moderator: Joëlle Rolland
9:00-9:25 Simone Grosso (Sapienza Università di Roma)
Were Etruscans before Etruscans already Etruscans? And what kind of
Etruscans were they? Issues of collective and individual identity in Early Iron
Age Southern Etruria.
„Les Étrusques d'avant les Étrusques étaient-ils déjà des Étrusques ? Et quel
genre d'Étrusques étaient-ils ? Questions d'identité collective et individuelle
dans l'Étrurie méridionale du premier âge du Fer.“
9:25-9:50 Martina Derada (Pavia University)
Who came first? The origin of the “Tyrrhenians” of Lemnos.
„Qui vint le premier? L'origine des "Tyrrhéniens" de Lemnos“
9:50-10:15 Valentina Lončarić (University of Évora, Portugal ; Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, Belgium)
Fragile egos: The many identities of Iron Age glass beads.
Des egos fragiles : Les multiples identités des perles de verre de l'âge du Fer.“
10:15-10:40 Discussion sur la sous-session 3.2/ Discussion on subsession 3.2
10:40-11:05 Pause / Coffee break
3.3: Identités enfouies / Buried Identities
Moderator: Katharina Rebay-Salisbury
11:05-11:30 Andrea Charignon (Université de Toulouse)
Beyond the warrior. The matter of “gender markers” and the expression of
masculinity in Northern France Iron Age burials.
„Au-delà du guerrier. La question des "marqueurs de genre" et l'expression de
la masculinité dans les sépultures de l'âge du fer du Nord de la France.“
11:30-11:55 Jana Matznerová (Charles University, Prague)
Glass Ornaments and the Men’s World: Unveiling Identity in Northern Italian
and Slovenian Male Burials in the Early Iron Age.
„Ornements en verre et monde des hommes : Dévoiler l'identité dans les
sépultures masculines d'Italie du Nord et de Slovénie au début de l'âge du Fer.“
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
11:55-14:00 Pause déjeuner / Lunch break
14:00-14:10 Filip Korn (Masaryk University, Brno) - poster
What can amber tell us as grave good?
„Que peut nous dire l’ambre en tant qu’offrande funéraire?“
14:10-14:35 Katharina Sophie Gröpl (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz)
Hidden identity - an Early Iron Age hoard provides new insights into a contact
zone.
„Identité cachée - un dépôt du premier âge du fer offre de nouvelles
informations sur une zone de contact.”
14:35-15:00 Pause / Coffee break
15:00-15:25 Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof (National Museum of Antiquities) – online
Keynote
Connected in Death: Elite Identities in Iron Age Funerary Practices.
„Connected in Death: les identités de l’élite dans les pratiques funéraires de
l'âge du fer.“
15:25-15:50 Discussion sur la sous-session 3.2 et session 3 / Discussion on subsession 3.2
and session 3
15:50-17:00 Final discussion “Identity and the Self”
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Workshop on Science Communication and Museology
Dimanche, 17 mars 2024
Sunday, 17th March 2024
10:15 Départ du Centre Archéologique vers le Musée de Bibracte
(ne pas oubliez votre badge de chambre, celui-ci vous donnera accès gratuitement au musée)
Departure from the Archaeological Centre to the Museum of Bibracte
(don’t forget your room badge, since this will give you free entry to the museum)
10:30-10:40 Introduction
10:40-11:40 Conférences liminaires : Linda Dielemans et Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof
Keynote lectures: Linda Dielemans and Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof
11:40-12:00 Organisation des équipes et questions
Organisation of teams and follow up questions
12:00-13:00 Pique-nique au musée / Picnic at the Museum
13:00-16:00 Visite du site archéologique et du Musée de Bibracte
guidé par Vincent Guichard
Visit to the Museum and archaeological site of Bibracte
guided by Vincent Guichard
From 16:00 Travail d’équipe sur les projets
Teamwork on projects
17:30 Retour au Centre Archéologique (si le temps le permet)
Walk back to the Archaeological Centre (if weather permits)
Lundi, 18 mars 2024
Monday, 18th March 2024
09:00-12:00 Travail d’équipe sur les projets
Teamwork on projects
12:00-13:30 Pause déjeuner/ Lunch break
13:30-17:00 Travail d’équipe sur les projets
Teamwork on projects
17:00-19:00 Présentations, retours et discussions
Presentations, feedback and discussion
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Session 1:
Identité et espace
Identity and space
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Migrations égéennes et identités indigènes en Italie
méridionale à l'âge du Fer: comment lire la
documentation archéologique?
Aegean migrations and indigenous identities in southern
Italy during the Iron Age: how to read the archaeological
record?
Mario Denti ([email protected])
Université Rennes 2
Introduction
Mario Denti est professeur d’Archéologie et d’Histoire de l’Art antique après de
l’Université Rennes 2 et membre senior de l’Institut Universitaire de France. Il dirige, depuis
2002, la mission archéologique à Incoronata. Ses recherches portent sur l’âge du Fer
méditerranéenne et la céramique, le monde hellénistique et la sculpture, ainsi que sur des
questions de méthodologie dans l’étude des mondes anciens.
Abstract
La recherche archéologique menée ces dernières années en l’Italie méridionale de
l’âge du Fer a permis de reconnaître de manière progressivement plus claire le
fonctionnement d’espaces où des groupes de Grecs se sont installés à l’intérieur de contextes
indigènes, en partageant avec la communauté locale un nombre significatif d’expériences :
technologiques, artisanales, rituels, figuratives, idéologiques.
Dans un cadre historique de type pré- (ou para-) « colonial », nous aborderons ici plus
en particulier le cas de l’Incoronata, le site qui, occupé sur une période comprise entre le IXe
et VII siècles avant J.-C., se montre au mieux en mesure de nous éclaircir sur ce type de
e
phénomènes, en essayant de comprendre dans quelle mesure et de quelle manière son
extraordinaire documentation archéologique peut nous permettre d’identifier et
d’interpréter des choix, des actions, des gestes, qui ont pu renvoyer intentionnellement à la
sphère identitaire.
Ce processus cognitif implique évidemment la conscience - de notre part -, d’un côté, des
limites de l’approche à une notion que nous savons particulièrement complexe et dotée de
multiples facettes, et de l’autre, des risques de tomber dans des surinterprétations à caractère
moderniste. Dans le cas du site considéré, Incoronata, la cohérence contextuelle et la qualité
de la documentation mises au jour – relatives à des espaces cultuels de type chtonien,
connectés à une ritualité à caractère gentilice, où deux cultures se sont regardées
réciproquement au miroir - permettent de construire un cadre historico-culturel
particulièrement cohérent pour entreprendre un parcours heuristique et méthodologique
suffisamment solide dans cette direction.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Lower Thaya region as a part of the new socioeconomic organization of the 3rd
century BC
La région de la Basse Thaya comme élément de la nouvelle organisation socio-
économique du IIIe siècle av. J.C.
Jiří Geršl ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University in Brno.
Research supervisor: Petra Goláňová
In the late Iron Age the Lower Thaya River region formed an important area lying
between Lower Austria and Central Moravia, which are key regions for the study of the La
Tène period (Čižmář I. - Danielisová 2021; Trebsche 2020). Around the middle of the 3rd
century BC, the region experienced a series of major socioeconomic and ideological changes
leading to the formation of spatially defined centralised political organization with its
distinctive identity and territory.
Shortly before 250 BC a complex bimetallic coinage system was introduced in the
broad area between today's southern Silesia and Lower Austria. (Smělý 2017) At the same
time, new types of settlements emerged in the form of open central agglomerations
(Němčice-Roseldorf type) with a production and distribution function, as well as the second-
order central sites – so-called "medium – sized – settlements'' (e.g. Haselbach, Stripfing,
Etzersdorf; Trebsche 2020, 77, 78, 98, 101, 107, 108). During this turbulent period, the largest
settlement changes in the study region over the course of the entire La Tène period took place,
representing a substantial departure from the settlement strategy in the previous LT A and LT
B stages. The number of settlements increased a number of times. The new settlements avoid
the more rugged terrain in the north of the region altogether, and instead are apparently tied
to the course of the Thaya River, whose entire corridor is essentially populated (similar
developments are evident at the same time in Central Moravia or Lower Austria; Čižmář –
Danielisová 2021, 226; Trebsche 2020, 52-54). From an ideological point of view, there was a
change in the funerary custom. East of the river Rhine, the burial ritual changes from
inhumation to cremation from LT C1 onwards. From LT C2 onwards, the grave finds disappear
completely (except for a few rare exceptions). (Chytráček et al. 2021, 599) The region's
belonging to a broader territorial unit can also be observed in the occurrence of selected types
of artefacts such as glass ornaments, metal belt parts or coins (Geršl 2022, 89-97, 99-105,
108).
Based on the facts described above, I believe that after the middle of the 3rd century
BC the region became part of centrally controlled territory with a degree of political
organization unprecedented up to that time. This territory had its own distinct social,
economic and ideological identity. It's possible decline and transformation are linked to the
horizon of further social and economic changes that occur in the LT C2 periodization stage
when a new type of central site – the oppidum – emerged alongside lowland open
agglomerations.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
ČIŽMÁŘ, I. – DANIELISOVÁ, B. 2021: Central Sites and the Development of Rural Settlements
from the Middle to Late La Tène Period in Central Moravia. Památky archeologické
CXII, 197-236.
CHYTRÁČEK, M. – CHVOJKA, O. – EGG, M. – JOHN, J. – MICHÁLEK, J. – KYSELÝ, R. – STRÁNSKÁ,
P. 2021: Proměny pohřebních zvyklostí starší a mladší doby železné ve střední Evropě.
Archeologické rozhledy LXXIII–2021, 578-623.
GERŠL, J. 2022: Settlement of Lower Thaya during the Late Iron Age. Master's thesis.
Masarykova univerzita v Brně. [cit. 15.12.2023] Available from:
https://is.muni.cz/auth/th/b4l08/
SMĚLÝ, T. 2017: One Authority – One Idea – One Order. One Authority – One Idea – One Order.
The Monetary System of the Amber Road as a Testimony of Greek Influence on Social
and Economic Activities of central European Celts. Studia Hercynia 21/2, 40-80.
TREBSCHE, P. 2020: Keltische Münzstätten und Heiligtümer. Die jüngere Eisenzeit im Osten
Österreichs (ca. 450 bis 15 v. Ch.). Archäologie Niederösterreichs, Band 7. Wien.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Memory, Monuments and the Formation of Identity in Sardinia.
Mémoire, monuments et formation de l'identité en Sardaigne.
Julia Gustafson ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge.
Research supervisor: Simon Stoddart
The relationship between memory and landscape is complex. Both terms are broad,
and often mean different things to different people. However, one thing that has become
clear is that they both contribute to modern social identities through an inextricable link
(Hoelscher and Alderman, 2004). From an archaeological perspective, both memory and place
relate to the construction of monuments, and more importantly, monumental landscapes.
They are designed to impress and have a lasting impact on both their surroundings and the
people who encounter and interact with them. They become ‘landscapes of memory’ (Bradley
2002:33), a palimpsest of human-monument interaction which actively shapes the identity of
its inhabitants. Questions such as why societies that are separated both temporally and
culturally have re-used and even re-constructed older monuments remain to be answered.
In Sardinia, these questions are of particular relevance because of its cross-continental
and cross-cultural connections in the Mediterranean. The Sardinian Bronze Age (1800-1100
BC) saw the emergence of the Nuragic civilisation, which is characterised by the construction
of impressive megalithic architecture, in the form of the eponymous nuraghi. Today, nuraghi
are an important symbol of Sardinian national identity, and their continued re-use throughout
the classical, medieval and modern periods stands as a record of their important place in the
imagination, memory, and identity of Sardinians. While it is not unusual for prehistoric
monuments to have such a continuous impact on the landscape and popular imagination
(Bradley 1993, 1998, 2002), the case of monument re-use in Sardinia seems to be unique in
that is it both almost universal (i.e. most monuments show signs of re-use) and persistent (i.e.
most time periods in Sardinia have some re-use). Previous research on Sardinia relating to the
archaeological ‘landscape of memory’ has only begun to address the phenomenon of Nuragic
reuse in Sardinian society throughout the Roman, Byzantine, and modern-historic periods
(Stoddart et al, 2021).
This study demonstrates how these monuments are used/re-used, built/re-built,
encultured/re-encultured through the longue durée, considering whether they act as agents
within the broader Sardinian landscape in relation to the preservation, creation, and
transformation of memory and identity, and how this impact, if any, manifests in the physical,
metaphysical, and sensorial spaces around them.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
D’une identité à l’autre? Construire « à la romaine » en territoire éduen :
l’exemple de la domus PC2 à Bibracte.
From one identity to another? Building in the Roman style in Aeduan territory: the
example of the domus PC2 at Bibracte.
Charlotte Defer ([email protected])
Université de Bourgogne, UMR ArTeHiS 6298
Research supervisor: Pierre Nouvel, Benjamin Clément
Construite au sein de la capitale de cité des Eduens au début de l’époque augustéenne,
la domus PC2 illustre bien les mutations sociales traversant les communautés gauloises au
sortir de la Conquête. Le peuple éduen est allié de longue date avec Rome, et ce lien privilégié
abouti à une acculturation précoce des éduens. Celle-ci est notamment visible à travers une
transition architecturale, qui prend place dans leur capitale, Bibracte. Les bâtiments à ossature
bois de tradition gauloise sont remplacés par des vastes ensembles maçonnés, construits
selon des plans et des techniques importés d’Italie. Ces bâtiments deviennent à la fois des
lieux de pouvoir pour les élites émergentes, mais aussi de nouveaux lieux de vie leur
permettant de mettre en scène et de revendiquer une nouvelle identité romaine. Des vastes
domus sont ainsi construites sur le Mont Beuvray, et la domus PC2, fouillée depuis 2017,
dépeint parfaitement ce phénomène. Edifiée dans le quartier aristocratique du Parc au
Chevaux situé près du centre-ville monumental, elle remplace une série de constructions à
ossature bois qui était déjà associées à un mobilier importé d’Italie. Cette demeure de 1000
m2 reprend de manière très précoce le plan de la domus à péristyle italique, alors qu’il n’est
observable en Narbonnaise qu’à partir du milieu du Ier s. de n.-e. Les techniques et matériaux
de tradition gauloise comme le bois et les sols de terre battue sont remplacés par de nouveaux
modes de construction italiques, adaptés aux matériaux disponibles localement. La
présentation portera sur les résultats des fouilles menées depuis 2017 sur le secteur de PC2
et restituera l’évolution architecturale du bâti d’après les témoins archéologiques observés,
selon trois axes : le plan, les matériaux et les techniques de construction. Elle s’efforcera de
montrer comment l’aménagement de cette domus permet de questionner le changement de
mode de vie des habitants de ce quartier aristocratique de l’oppidum.
References
DEFER (Ch.), SCAVONE (N.) — “La domus PC2”. In: GUICHARD (V.). dir. — Rapport
intermédiaire 2022 du programme de recherche archéologique 2022-2025 sur le
Mont-Beuvray : Synthèse. Glux-en-Glenne : BIBRACTE, 2023, p. 131-164, Rapport de
recherche.
GUICHARD (V.), VAGINAY (M.) dir. — Les modèles italiens dans l’architecture des IIe et Ier
siècles avant notre ère en Gaule et dans les régions voisines, Actes du colloque de
Toulous (oct. 2013), coll. Bibracte – 30. Glux-en-Glenne : BIBRACTE, 2019, 524 p.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Des fortifications de type gréco-romain sur des oppida dans le triangle bas-
rhodanien aux IIe et Ier s. avant J.-C. : une culture gallo-grecque?
Greco-Roman fortifications on oppida in the Lower Rhône triangle in the 2nd and 1st
centuries BC: a Gallo-Greek culture?
Sébastien Corniot ([email protected])
Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 –laboratoire ASM – UMR5140
Research supervisor: Sandrine Agusta-Boularot, Pierre Moret
Ce titre fait référence à mon sujet thèse, lequel traite des interactions entre Celtes,
Grecs et Romains dans le cadre de l’édification des fortifications. En effet, dans le triangle
basrhodanien aux IIe et Ier s. avant J.-C., des remparts de technologie gréco-romaine sont
édifiés sur des oppida. Ces nouvelles murailles se plaquent sur des fortifications préexistantes
typiquement celtes. Il est question de rhabillage. La constitution de ces nouveaux remparts
témoigne d’un transfert culturel de premier ordre. L’enceinte d’une agglomération est le
reflet de la communauté qui l’a édifiée. La muraille est le premier édifice commun d’une
population et ainsi un marqueur identitaire fort. La volonté des peuples celtes de se
représenter avec une fortification gréco-romaine est source d’interrogations sur les
interactions entre ces trois civilisations et sur l’identité de ces sociétés édificatrices. Les sites
où sont bâtis de tels remparts sont des centres d’échanges technologiques. Les chantiers de
construction deviennent des lieux de formation à l’artisanat de la pierre et aux stratégies
défensives. On note l’introduction de techniques exogènes ainsi que la présence d’ouvriers
locaux notamment par l’usage d’outils étrangers aux artisans gréco-romains. Ces échanges
réciproques engendrent la création de remparts d’aspect gréco-romain avec des singularités
propres offrant un assemblage singulier. L’historiographie de l’étude de ces fortifications
présente l’influence prépondérante de ces vestiges sur la perception des sociétés
protohistoriques. En effet, lors de la découverte de ces remparts, les sites sont classés comme
étant des comptoirs grecs puis comme des sites celtes sous domination massaliote et
aujourd’hui comme des centres de premier ordre en rivalité avec Marseille. Ces fortifications
de type gréco-romain constituent un élément parmi d’autres marquant des transformations
culturelles au sein des sociétés celtes. L’introduction de technologies gréco-romaines enrichi
l’hypothèse de l’existence d’une culture gallo-grecque. L’étude de ces vestiges défensifs
permet de caractériser les sociétés celtes du bas Rhône. Les résultats obtenus présentent des
situations complexes et mettent en avant la difficulté d’associer une culture à une technique
ou à des vestiges matériels.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
AGUSTA-BOULAROT, S., J. CHAUSSERIE-LAPRÉE ET N. NIN (2019) : “Les influences italiques
dans l’architecture des IIe et Ier siècles avant notre ère en Provence et dans la basse
vallée du Rhône”, in : Les modèles italiens dans l’architecture des IIe et Ier siècles avant
notre ère en Gaule et dans les régions voisines : actes du colloque de Toulouse, 2-4
octobre 2013 sous la direction de Vincent Guichard et Michel Vaginay 2019, 185-224.
BESSAC, J.-C. (1988) : “Influences de la conquête romaine sur le travail de la pierre en Gaule
méditerranéenne”, Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1, 57-72.
TRÉZINY, H. (2006) : “Marseille et l’hellénisation du Midi: regards sur l’architecture et
l’urbanisme de la Gaule méridionale à l’époque hellénistique”, in : François, P., Péré-
Noguès, S. et Moret, P., : L’hellénisation en Méditerranée occidentale au temps des
guerres puniques (260-180av. J.-C.). 2006, 163-186
TRÉZINY, H. (2019) : “Les fortifications antiques de Marseille et leurs relations avec les
constructions régionales”, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 143.1, 347-360.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Fragile cities: imagined communities within a fractal assemblage.
Villes fragiles: communautés imaginées au sein d'un assemblage fractal.
Jinoh Kim ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge
Research supervisor: Simon Stoddart
In this paper, I aim to think of the Iron Age settlement dynamics in terms of identity.
One big topic for the Iron Age research has been the development of early urbanism.
Traditionally, the oppida of the late La Tène Culture were entitled as the earliest town north
of the Alps. However, recent discussions also pay attention to others of earlier dates, such as
the open agglomeration sites of the middle La Tène Culture and so-called the “princely seats”
of the late Hallstatt Culture.
Despite the diversity of the sites, the Iron Age urbanism north of the Alps is generally
described as “delicate urbanism” (Stoddart 2017). This is because most of them did not last
long and became out of use in a few generations. The relatively quick decline of the early
urban sites has been often attributed to the catastrophic events like political turmoil, change
in trade network, climate fluctuation, warfare etc. It is assumed here that once established, a
city persists, unless it is affected by the impacts from outside.
On the contrary, I try discussing the fragility from the very genesis of the urbanism itself. For
the rise of urbanism, it has been discussed mainly about why people and things aggregated in
the first place. Regarding this, the ideal position for getting natural resources and trade goods
has been pointed out as the main factor. However, since even hunter-gatherers aggregate and
disperse continuously, what also matters is to keep the assembled people staying together
(Graeber and Wengrow 2021).
A city can be defined as the assemblage of the primary groups from different parts of
the hinterland. This kind of polyfocal, fractal, or heterarchical nature of the Iron Age
settlements will be supported by the archaeological data. Therefore, promoting social
integrity at the inter-group level is vital to hold them together. It can be achieved by the
“imagined community” (Anderson 2006), or the identity of community membership. Imagined
community here should not be regarded merely as a false consciousness, since a community
come into being through the imagination. However, if the imagination takes place at the intra-
group level, it undermines the social integrity of the larger, secondary community.
I will discuss how the material settings of the Iron Age settlements might have created
the imagined community at different levels and how it caused the fragility of the larger
assemblage. To be more specific, the physical boundaries demarcating us and them, the focal
point for communal events, and the degree of inter-dependence between the components
will be examined from the archaeological data. The catastrophic events probably triggered the
decline of the early urbanism. However, if a city’s component groups shared a high level of
community membership, they could have decided to overcome the hard times together. On
the other hand, if they did not, they would have left the city even due to minor disruptions.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
ANDERSON, BENEDICT 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of
Nationalism (Verso).
GRAEBER, DAVID, AND DAVID WENGROW. 2021. The dawn of everything: a new history of
humanity (Penguin Books: London).
STODDART, SIMON. 2017. 'Introduction.' in Simon Stoddart (ed.), Delicate urbanism in
context: settlement nucleation in pre-Roman Germany: the DAAD Cambridge
Symposium (McDonald Institute: Cambridge).
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Exploring Cultural Crossroads: Challenges in Unraveling Protohistoric Realms in
the Prigorje Region.
Exploration des carrefours culturels: Défis dans l'exploration des domaines
protohistoriques dans la région de Prigorje
Franka Ovčarić ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
Research supervisor: Janja Mavrović Mokos
The area of northwestern Croatia is located in the region that connects the Eastern
Alps with the western part of the Carpathian Basin. This area has been poorly explored in
terms of prehistoric findings, except for a few systematically investigated sites, of which only
a few have been fully published. Existing periodizations and relevant material from previous
research mainly come from graves that cannot be connected to any known existing settlement
(Hoffiler 1909, Vinski Gasparini 1983). The research will focus on connecting the area of
northwestern Croatia into a wider Late Bronze Age cultural complex and its connection with
the area of eastern Slovenia and southwestern Hungary based on findings from the
settlements. This paper examines the Gračec site that is located in Prigorje area, a diverse
melting pot located at the crossroads of various distinct cultural groups. Influenced by a
multitude of cultural forces, the archaeological material from Gračec reveals an intriguing
interplay of diverse cultural dynamics that go beyond singular influences. Based on the
analysis of archaeological material and the organization of the settlement, the Gračec site is
chronologically attributed to the Late Bronze Age, specifically the younger phase of the
Urnfield culture, and it lasts until transition to early Iron Age (Mavrović Mokos et. al 2023).
This makes it the first extensively excavated site in the western part of Prigorje. During the
research, numerous ceramic finds were collected, which show elements of the previously
known Velika Gorica - Dobova cultural group. However, it is important to note that there are
also influences from the neighboring Ljubljana group, the Ruše group, as well as from
southwestern Hungary and northern Bosnia. This study critically evaluates the implications of
relying heavily on sensational discoveries, recognizing the influence of outcome bias in
shaping archaeological narratives. Specifically, it addresses the absence of graves and
necropolises, acknowledging that even death plays a crucial role in shaping identity. By
emphasizing this aspect, the paper promotes a holistic approach to identity formation,
recognizing the multifaceted nature of cultural expression. By unpacking these components,
the paper aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities
surrounding protohistoric identities in the Bronze Age and its transition to the early Iron Age.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
MAVROVIĆ MOKOS, J., OVČARIĆ, F., ŠEJIĆ, L., 2023, Na raskrižju putova: Gračec i Sveti Križ u
1. tisućljeću prije Krista, Janja Mavrović Mokos (ed.), Općinska knjižnica Ante Kovačića,
Marija Gorica.
HOFFILER, V., 1909., Staro groblje u Velikoj Gorici, Viestnik Hrvatskog arheološkog društva,
n.s. X, Zagreb, 120-134.
VINSKI-GASPARINI, K., 1983., Kultura polja sa žarama sa svojim grupama, U: Praistorija
jugoslavenskih zemalja. Bronzano doba. Vol. IV (ur. A. Benac), 547 – 667.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
The Raeti and the impact of the Roman conquest north and south of the Alps:
two case studies.
Les Raeti et l'impact de la conquête romaine au nord et au sud des Alpes : deux
études de cas.
Arianna Guzzon ([email protected])
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, LabSA (Laboratorio di Scienze
dell’Antichità)
Research supervisor: Elvira Migliario, Emanuele Vaccaro
The archaeological research carried out in the central-eastern sector of the Alps,
between northern Italy and Austria, has led to the definition of a facies of the Late Iron Age
called "Fritzens-Sanzeno" culture, name that refers the two eponymous sites where the
characteristics of this material culture were identified and delineated for the first time. It is
generally associated with a specific type of building known as "casa retica" or "casa alpina",
which can also be found in the areas of the "Magré" and "Valcamonica" groups.
My doctoral project, in the wake of the historical, epigraphic and archaeological
studies conducted in the last decades, aims to collect and analyse the data currently available
in the central sector of the Alps and Pre-Alps, in order to formulate hypotheses on settlement
dynamics between the end of the Iron Age and the Roman era, and also to investigate identity
issues concerning the study of valley populations.
In this initial phase of my PhD research, my intention is indeed to propose an analysis
and comparison of the phases of 2nd-1st century BC in two different case studies, on opposite
sides of the Alpine chain.
The first site presented is the highland settlement of Doss Penede (Nago-Torbole, TN,
Italy), in the Upper Garda area, currently the subject of excavations and studies conducted by
the University of Trento and directed by Professor E. Vaccaro. It is a multilayered site,
frequented over a very long period: from the Recent Bronze Age (14th century BC) to the 4th
century AD.
The second case study is located on the Hohe Birga hill near Birgitz, in the Inn Valley
(Austria). The occupation lasted from at least the 3rd century BC until the Augustan age,
probably at the time of the Alpine Wars of 16-15 BC. The first excavations date back to the
1950s. In the early 2000s, the University of Innsbruck and the municipality of Birgitz started a
project to enhance and preserve the site. New archaeological research has been carried out
since 2009.
The decision to propose the analysis of two contexts, on each side of the central Alps,
does not aim to be an attempt to define models or typologies applicable to the complexity of
the settlement and economic system of this territory. It is a preliminary approach to the
definition of a research methodology: the purpose is to reconstruct, starting from the
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
archaeological data, the relations between the areas inhabited by Rhaetian populations, with
an emphasis on contacts with the Roman world.
References
GLEIRSCHER P. 1987, Die Kleinfunde von der Hohen Birga bei Birgitz. Ein Beitrag zur Fritzens-
Sanzeno-Kultur, Berichte der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 68, 1987, p. 183-
241.
MARZATICO F. 2019, I Reti e i popoli delle Alpi orientali, in “Preistoria Alpina” 49 bis, 2019, p.
73-82.
MIGLIARIO E. 2022, Da Catone a Plinio: quali Reti, in Desideri P., Prontera F. (ed.), Posidonio
πολύτροπος Filosofia e scienza, storia e geografia, Nono seminario di Geographia
Antiqua(Perugia 18-19 novembre 2021), Firenze, 2022, p. 131-141.
MÜLLER FLORIAN MARTIN 2019, Neue Forschungen auf der „Hohen Birga“ bei Birgitz (Tirol),
in Zanier W. (Hrsg.), Kulturwandel um Chris? Geburt: Spätlatène- und frühe römische
Kaiserzeit in den mittleren Alpen zwischen Südbayern und Gardasee, Akten des
Kolloquiums in Innsbruck am 18. und 19.Oktober 2017, Münchner Beiträge zur Vor-
und Frühgeschichte 67, Band 2 (München 2019), 2019, p. 411–429.
VACCARO E. 2022, Progetto Doss Penede. Archeologia di un insediamento d’altura nell’area
altogardesana (Nago-Torbole, TN) tra Protostoria ed età romana (scavi e ricerche
2019-2021), Roma, 2022.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Session 2:
L'identité à travers la matérialité et la
consommation
Identity through Materiality &
Consumption
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Morphologies and Decorative Schemes of Italo-Geometric Pottery: Case
Studies from the Campanian mesogaia in the Orientalizing period.
Morphologies et schémas décoratifs de la poterie italo-géométrique: Études de cas
de la mesogaia campanienne à l'époque orientalisante
Federica Galetta ([email protected])
Università degli Studi di Salerno, Université de Bourgogne
The proposed research focuses on the study of Italo-Geometric pottery from the
Campanian hinterland during the Orientalizing period, specifically sourced from the funerary
contexts of Capua, Suessula, and Nola. Italo-Geometric pottery represents an indigenous
reinterpretation of Euboean-Cycladic production and imitation models, diffused through the
intermediary channels of Cuma and Pithekoussai during the commercial exchanges between
the late 8th and early 7th centuries BC. Moreover, prototypes from Corinth were reworked by
Etruscan workshops. In Campanian contexts, this pottery is characterized by a pink-colored
ceramic, derived from the use of local clays, and the application of a red-brown painting for
decorative elements. Given the occasionally simplified nature of the decorative schemes of
these artifacts, assigning them to specific local workshops poses a challenge, and in certain
instances, proves impractical. Nevertheless, transcending the morphological analysis, it is
possible to attempt reconstructing their origin through an analysis of more articulated
decorative motifs. Within the three aforementioned funerary contexts, I will analyze the
potential association between morphologies and decorative scheme, highlighting common or
divergent points. The aim of my contribution is to identify the elements of influence among
different indigenous workshops operating in the Campanian mesogaia and their sphere of
influence, in order to point out the distinctive features of this ceramic production in
comparison to greek and south-etruscan models. Additionally, the research delves into the
relationships between artisans and clients, as well as the social and ideological role of Italo-
Geometric pottery in the vibrant historical and cultural milieu characterizing the
Mediterranean basin between the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Modeler l’argile et façonner l’identité. Identités potières grecques et indigènes
en Italie méridionale et en Sicile au premier âge du Fer.
Modelling clay and shaping identity. Greek and indigenous pottery identities in
southern Italy and Sicily during the Early Iron Age.
Chantal Willborn ([email protected])
Université Rennes 2, UMR 6566 CReAAH, Laboratoire LAHM
Research supervisor: Mario Denti, Jean-Christophe Sourisseau
Cette communication propose d’étudier le concept de l’identité potière à travers l’analyse des
chaînes opératoires réalisées au sein de la production de céramiques de stockage (pithoi) et
de transport (amphores) aux VIIIe et VIIe siècles av. J.-C. en Italie méridionale et en Sicile.
Au sein des phénomènes coloniaux en Méditerranée, nous assistons à l’arrivée des
premières amphores de transport et de pithoi grecs en Italie du Sud à partir de la première
moitié du VIIIe s. av. J.-C., ainsi qu’à la production locale de ces récipients. Au coeur de ces
réseaux transméditerranéens s’inscrivent deux gisements majeurs, permettant d’articuler les
données céramologiques avec l’environnement historico-économique et artisanal: Incoronata
(Basilicate) et Mégara Hyblaea (Sicile). D’un côté, l’occupation d’Incoronata (IXe au VIIe s. av.
J.-C.) est caractérisée par une phase chronologique précédant la colonisation grecque de la
péninsule italienne dans un contexte indigène et gréco-indigène, de même que par l’activité
artisanale d’un atelier potier. De l’autre, l’établissement grec de Mégara Hyblaea (fondé en
728 av. J.-C. par des Mégariens de Grèce) apporte des clés de lecture comparatives à l’examen
de productions grecques d’importation et d’imitation, issues de contextes funéraires.
Comptant parmi les deux les plus importants gisements d’amphores et de pithoi connus
actuellement en Italie méridionale, ces deux sites constituent des laboratoires idéaux pour
s’interroger sur les apports et les limites d’une étude technologique de deux types de
production, grâce à une approche à la croisée entre l’archéologie, l’anthropologie et
l’ethnographie.
Peu inclues dans les études céramologiques traditionnelles en raison de la rareté de
décorations peintes, de leurs formes peu variables et leur état de fragmentation avancé, ces
productions se prêtent particulièrement bien à une étude technologique à macro- et micro-
échelle. La présence d’indices archéologiques directs et indirects (structures de cuisson,
rebuts céramiques) attestant la production de vases de stockage sur la colline d’Incoronata au
sein d’un espace artisanal indigène actif entre le VIIIe et le VIIe s. av. J.-C., accueillant des
potiers grecs à partir du VIIe s., nous permet d’aborder la problématique des identités
techniques de leurs artisans aux savoir-faire hautement spécialisés et maîtrisés. De même, le
gisement de Mégara Hyblaea nous fait découvrir des techniques potières grecques et
égéennes, par le biais de la céramique d’importation, ainsi qu’une signature locale, grâce à la
découverte de vases d’inspiration grecque. Au sein de contextes de réception fonctionnelle à
caractère cultuel et productif où individus grecs et non grecs se croisent, la technique de
production est étudiée comme l’ensemble des choix faits par les potiers – un moyen
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
d’expression de leur bagage intellectuel, acquis au sein de systèmes d’apprentissages propres
à une communauté.
Cette intervention a l’ambition de contribuer à la réflexion autour de la construction
des identités artisanales des communautés de la protohistoire européenne à travers
l’exemple du bassin méditerranéen. L’objectif est de fournir de nouvelles observations pour
l’étude de ce terrain heuristique au sein de l’organisation des espaces artisanales grecques et
indigènes, la transmission de traditions techniques, leurs acteurs et leurs pratiques avec
lesquelles ils modèlent et façonnent leur(s) identité(s).
References
M. DENTI, « Greek migrations from the Aegean to the Ionian coast of Southern Italy, in the 7
th century BC : shared goods, rituals, heroic memories, in an aristocratic perspective
», dans : F. Iacono, A. Gaucci (dir.), Mobility and Memory in the Archaeology of the
Middle Sea : Diachronic Interdisciplinary Explorations of a Complex Relationship,
International conference, Università degli Studi di Bologna, décembre 2021, Ocnus, 30,
2022.
A. DUPONT-DELALEUF, Sur les traces des potiers, Hermann Editeurs, Paris, 2023.
V. ROUX, M.-A. COURTY, Des céramiques et des hommes. Décoder les assemblages
archéologiques, Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, 2017.
V. VLACHOU (éd.), Pots, Workshops and Early Iron Age Society : Function and Role of ceramics
in early Greece, Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Université libre
de Bruxelles, 14 au 16 novembre 2013, études d’archéologie, 8, CReA-Patrimoine,
Bruxelles, 2015.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Modeler l’argile et façonner l’identité. Identités potières grecques et indigènes
en Italie méridionale et en Sicile au premier âge du Fer.
Modelling clay and shaping identity. Greek and indigenous pottery identities in
southern Italy and Sicily during the Early Iron Age.
Sofia Servoli ([email protected])
Sapienza Università di Roma
Research supervisor: Laura Maria Michetti
The site of Pyrgi, port of the ancient Etruscan city of Caere (Cerveteri - RM) and home
to two different sacred areas, is a privileged observatory to investigate the role of material
culture in depicting identity. The intense attendance of foreigners (such as Greeks or
Phoenicians), witnessed by the inscriptions collected in the main sanctuaries - the so-called
Monumental Sanctuary with temples A and B and the Southern Sanctuary - and the recovering
of overseas manufacts in then residential area of the settlement are strictly interlaced with
the strong presence of the Etruscan city authority. Thus, through the prevalent Etruscan
material culture and by what the controversial historical sources told us about this site, Pyrgi
has been defined as the very port-of-trade of Cerveteri (Michetti 2016; Michetti 2019), despite
other coastal sites in the Etruscan territory that have been described as foreign foundations,
such as Gravisca, a Greek emporion oversaw by the Etruscan city of Tarquinia (Fiorini 2017).
The purpose of this paper is therefore to highlight how the evident Etruscan identity,
substantiated by the wide adoption of local material culture and through the presence of
sanctuaries built by the order of the political power residing in Cerveteri, is flanked by a mosaic
of different elements that point to a much more heterogeneous cultural reality, suggested for
example by the imported pottery inscribed by Greeks worshippers (Baglione et alii 2015) or
the Phoenician text that characterised one of the three gold tablets placed on the entrance
portal of the temple B by the tyrant of Cerveteri. The analysis of the indigenous coarse ware
collected in the residential area and the study of particular local trends in the votive offerings
system will be compared with other traces leading instead to the non-Etruscan attendees in
order to examine the features of cultural exchange within a multicultural context.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
BAGLIONE et alii 2015: Baglione, M. P., Belelli Marchesini, B., Carlucci, C., Gentili, M. D.,
Michetti, L. M., Pyrgi: A Sanctuary in the Middle of the Mediterranean Sea, in E. Kistler,
B. Öhlinger, M. Mohr, M. Hoernes (eds), “Sanctuaries and the Power of Consumption.
Networking and the Formation of Elitesin the Archaic Western Mediterranean World”:
221-237. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag
FIORINI 2017: Fiorini, L., L'emporion arcaico di Gravisca e la sua storia, in E. Govi (ed.), “La città
etrusca e il sacro: santuari e istituzioni politiche”: 255-299. Bologna: Bononia
University Press.
MICHETTI 2016: Michetti, L. M., Ports: Trade, Cultural Connections, Sanctuaries and Emporia,
in N. Thomson De Grummond, L.C. Pieraccini (eds), “Caere”: 73-86. Austin: University
of Texas Press.
MICHETTI 2019: Michetti, L. M., Caere e Pyrgi. La città arcaica nelle sue forme sociali e politiche
e la nascita degli empori, in L. Bentini, M. Marchesi, L. Minarini, G. Sassatelli (eds),
Etruschi. Viaggio nelle terre dei Rasna: 161-165. Verona: Electa.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Meating identities: new perspectives on animal consumption in French Late
Bronze Age pile-dwellings.
A la rencontre d’identités carnassières : nouvelles perspectives sur la consommation
d'animaux dans les habitats lacustres de la fin de l'âge du Bronze en France.
Anaïs de Roux ([email protected])
Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès, UMR 5608 TRACES
Research supervisor: Pierre-Yves Milcent, Sandrine Costamagno
"Tell me what you eat, and I'll tell you who you are", said Brillat-Savarin. Humans
maintain a privileged relationship not only with their environment, but also with the food they
consume, which acts as a vector for the identity of social groups.The knowledge, uses, beliefs
and representations associated with food, because they form part of culture, become the
basis of identity. Reading food practices thus enables us to approach the vision that societies
have of themselves. However, Late Bronze Age societies in France are rarely examined
through this prism, due to the scarcity of bone remains on archaeological sites (Auxiette and
Lachem 2021). The starting point of this paper is therefore to apprehend the identities of Late
Bronze Age populations through the zooarchaeological study of remains from sites whose
excellent level of preservation enables a detailed restitution of practices: the pile-dwellings of
le Bourget lake. While pile-dwellings are considered emblematic of the period, French Late
Bronze Age sites are relatively unknown, due to a lack of specialized studies. Therefore, not
only the choice of species consumed will be examined, but also the way in which they were
consumed, through the study of butchery marks, with the selection of parts also playing a part
in forging identity.
However, while food reflects identity, it also results from a set of multiple interactions:
physiological needs, genetic determinisms, economic, technical and symbolic systems, social
interactions and uses, learning, beliefs, etc. (Costamagno, 2014). While pile-dwellings have
long been considered an unicum, the numerous studies on habitat, metal production,
ceramics and woodworking have shown that while these forms of settlement are similar,
cultural identities, but also adaptation to different constraints persist and differ greatly
(Menotti, 2015).
The zooarchaeological findings of the Le Bourget groups will thus be put into
perspective with those of two sites on Lake Annecy and Lake Geneva, with the aim of
questioning differences in practices, choices that might reflect possible dietary constraints.
Because identity is also affirmed through difference (Bourdieu, 1979), in fact by means of its
eating habits, a society can affirm and display its cohesion, but also set itself apart from
neighboring cultures.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
AUXIETTE, G., HACHEM, L., 2021. Farm, Hunt, Feast, Celebrate: Animals and Society in
Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age Northern France. Sidestone Press, 342 p.
BOURDIEU, P., 1979. La Distinction. Critique sociale du jugement. Paris, Édition Minuit, 680 p.
COSTAMAGNO, S., 2014 Introduction, in: Histoire de l’alimentation humaine: entre choix et
contraintes, Paris, Édition électronique du CTHS (Actes des congrès des sociétés
historiques et scientifiques), pp. 7-15
MENOTTI, F., 2015. The lake-dwelling phenomenon: myth, reality and... archaeology, in: The
End of the Lake-Dwellings in the Circum-Alpine Region. Oxford, Oxbow Books, pp. 1–
15.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Early Iron Age Food and Identity in the Middle Danube Region.
Alimentation et identité au début de l'âge du fer dans la région du Danube moyen.
Caleb Ranum ([email protected])
Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, University of Alabama, Ancient People and Plants
Laboratory
Research supervisor: Maria Hajnalova, Katherine Chiou
Bourdieu’s concept of habitus provides a framework for understanding the creation
and maintenance of identities as an underlying culturally specific logic learned subconsciously
through the routines of daily life (Bourdieu 1977). The quotidian practices associated with
creating and consuming food are a quintessential example of habitus, and function to teach
and reinforce both individual and group identities related to ethnicity, gender, and social
status. The rules about what is considered edible, what constitutes a meal, how it should be
prepared, and how it should be served delineate roles within a community and exclude those
who have different culinary practices (Sanchez Romero 2011). While archaeobotanical data
has traditionally been used to understand past economic and subsistence methods, recent
research has shown its utility in understanding identity through the lens of cuisine. This is
especially true in areas of culture contact where archaeobotanists can examine the extent to
which groups retain past practices or adopt the foods of those they encounter (Twiss 2012).
The foodways of the Eastern Hallstatt Peoples in the Early Iron Age are a neglected
area of study, with minimal examination of archaeobotanical data from settlement contexts.
This presentation will provide early results from my dissertation research on plant foodways
in the Middle Danube Region during the Early Iron Age, with a focus on uncovering Eastern
Hallstatt identity via local culinary practices. As one of the first major archaeobotanical studies
in the region the primary goal is to identify the ingredients used in local Kalenderberg cuisine
especially in contrast to the plant species used by Western Hallstatt groups that have received
more attention. The arrival of Scythian influence, in the form of Vekerzug material culture,
into the Pannonian basin starting in the 6th century B.C.E. provides another comparison point
and an example of culture contact as Hallstatt groups encountered a new cultural influence.
My dissertation research will ultimately examine archaeobotanical remains from four Eastern
Hallstatt and two Vekerzug culture settlements in the Middle Danube Region to provide a
basic understanding of local cuisines during the Early Iron Age. In addition to differences in
identity between ethnic groups, I will also attempt to delineate identities within a community
by examining evidence for differences in social status between families as represented by
differential access to plant resources.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
BOURDIEU, PIERRE 1977 Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
SANCHEZ ROMERO, MARGARITA 2011 Commensality Rituals: Feeding Identity in Prehistory.
In Guess Who's Coming to Dinner: Feasting Rituals in the Prehistoric Societies of
Europe and the Near East, edited by Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez, Margarita Sánchez
Romero, and Sandra Montón-Subias. Oxbow Books, Oxford.
TWISS, KATHERYN 2012 The archaeology of food and social diversity. Journal of archaeological
research 20:357-395.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Pre-Columbian Work Baskets of Wari culture: Ancient Technology and the
Identity of a Basket Maker at the Royal Court in Castillo de Huarmey, Peru.
Paniers de travail précolombiens de la culture Wari: Technologie ancienne et identité
d'un vannier à la cour royale de Castillo de Huarmey, Pérou.
Emanuela Rudnicka ([email protected])
Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw
Research supervisor: Milosz Giersz
For years, production systems and craft specialization in pre-Hispanic and colonial Peru
have been an important subject of archaeological and ethnohistorical research. To date,
researchers have focused on ceramic workshops and textiles, paying attention to the high
status and gender of the artisans, the social relationship between the producer and consumer
of goods, and the correlation of artisanal production with the development of pre-Hispanic
empires (Costin 1998; 1995; 2018; Prządka-Giersz 2019; Nash 2019). The weaving tools found
at archaeological sites were usually stored in traditional workbaskets or cane boxes.
Unfortunately, manufacturing technology, iconography, and function of Pre-Columbian
basketry, although sometimes mentioned, remain understudied and undescribed.
In 2022 a group of Polish and Peruvian archaeologists discovered the Gallery of Elite
Artisans in Castillo de Huarmey in Peru, which is an invaluable opportunity to dive deep into
the traditions of prehistoric craftsmanship and discover the identities of the ancient
craftspeople (Weiss 2023). The burials contained the mummified remains of high-rank
individuals who likely served as artisans at the court of the Wari rulers. One tomb revealed a
man buried with numerous tools and raw materials, as well as precious items like a gold ear
ornament and a metal pectoral, symbols of high status and power.
This paper aims to explain the identity and social status of the basket maker, and in a
broader sense, what was the social status of artisans in the Wari Empire. The research also
explains the technology and style of pre-Hispanic baskets. The contextual, microscopic, and
chemistry analyses of baskets and tools, as well as the iconographic studies, led to the
understanding of basketry production in ancient Peru.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
COSTIN, CATHY. 1995. “Cloth Production and Gender Relations in the Inka Empire.” Research
Frontiers in Anthropology.
———. 1998. “Housewives, Chosen Women, Skilled Men: Cloth Production and Social Identity
in the Late Prehispanic Andes.” Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological
Association 8 (1): 123–41.
———. 2018. “Gender and Status in Inca Textile and Ceramic Craft Production.” In The Oxford
Handbook of the Incas, edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey, 283–302. New York:
Oxford University Press.
NASH, DONNA J. 2019. “Craft Production as an Empowering Strategy in an Emerging Empire.”
Journal of Anthropological Research 75 (3): 328–60.
PRZĄDKA-GIERSZ, PATRYCJA. 2019. Mujer, Poder y Riqueza: La Tumba de Elite Femenina Wari
Del Castillo de Huarmey. Lima: Ediciones Hipocampo.
WEISS, DANIEL. 2023. “Tomb of the Craftworkers.” Archaeology 76 (1): 30.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Session 3:
Des identités personnelles aux
identités collectives
From personal to collective Identities
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Early Iron Age Tartessos (Spain): defining the identity of a princely complex.
Tartessos (Espagne) au premier âge du Fer : définition de l'identité d'un complexe
princier.
Io Cruz Vera ([email protected])
Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR 8215 Trajectoires/ UMR 8546 AOROC
Research supervisor: Sophie Krausz, Julien Zurbach
Tartessos is an archaeological culture from the Early Iron Age (8th-6th centuries BCE)
that developed in the south-west of Spain (fig. 1) and was marked by strong social inequalities.
This aristocratic culture is intrinsically linked to the westward expansion of Mediterranean
trade networks at the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE.
Who are the Tartessians? This seemingly simple and straightforward question, however,
calls into question a complex concept that has been the subject of intense debate among
archaeologists studying Tartessos for more than a century. A question I asked myself during
my Master studies (Cruz Vera, 2022 ; 70‑77).
The name itself derives from ancient Greek, Roman and Hebrew literary sources that mention
this population from Iberia. They describe the area as rich in natural resources, especially
silver, and as the home of a Tartessian "kingdom" that ruled over a people: the Tartessians.
The first archaeological discoveries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
raised and gave impetus to this question of identity. For if the descriptions of the geographical
space and available resources of Tartessos in the ancient literary sources were accurate, were
the descriptions of its ethnic identity equally so?
The identity of the Tartessians was therefore studied primarily on the basis of data on
burial (fig. 2) and material culture (fig. 1). The latter was defined with the term “orientalising”.
This term is indicative of the prevailing view at the time, which saw Tartessian culture as a
society strongly influenced by, and even “acculturated” by Oriental peoples (Almagro-Gorbea
and Martinez-Fausset, 1983 ; 432‑450). This view of an orientalised identity (González
Wagner, 1995 ; 10‑11) contrasts with another that looks for traces of the cultural continuity
and identity of the 'local' Bronze Age population in the same material culture (Maluquer de
Motes et al., 2016 ; 39‑48).
We are thus dealing with two different interpretations, both partly influenced by the
historiography of the discipline, the changing political context and our own developments in
methods and data. In order to begin answering the question "Who are the Tartessians?" it is
therefore first necessary to understand these past conceptions and interrogate our sources to
know to what extent we are currently able to answer this question.
The aim of this communication is therefore to analyse the Tartessian identities on the basis of
the available bibliographical data, archaeological finds and ancient literary sources. I will
attempt to characterise the various interactions that took place in Tartessos and examine its
hierarchisation, which is unevenly known, by answering the following questions:
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
-To what extent are the various definitions of Tartessian identity the result of possible biases?
-Which aspects of Tartessian society and culture can be studied in depth?
-How can archaeological data contribute to our understanding of the social hierarchy and
identities expressed by the different groups of Tartessian society in the First Iron Age?
Only then can we attempt to at least partially define Tartessian identities.
References
ALMAGRO-GORBEA M., MARTINEZ-FAUSSET A. (1983) ‒ Colonizzazione e acculturazione nella
penisola iberica, Publications de l’École Française de Rome, 67, 1, p. 429‑461.
CRUZ VERA I. (2022) ‒ Tartessos : La cohésion d’un phénomène princier du premier âge du
Fer, Mémoire de Master 1, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, 116 p.
GONZÁLEZ WAGNER C. (1995) ‒ Fenicios y autóctonos en Tartessos. Consideraciones sobre
las relaciones coloniales y la dinámica de cambio en el Suroeste de la Península Ibérica,
Trabajos de Prehistoria, 52, 1, p. 109‑126.
MALUQUER DE MOTES J., AUBET SEMMLER M.E., GRACIA ALONSO F. (2016) ‒Tartessos: la
ciudad sin historia, Pamplona, Urgoiti (Historiadores 26).
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Identity and the human body in later prehistoric Europe.
Identité et corps humain dans l'Europe de la préhistoire
récente.
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury ([email protected])
University of Vienna
Introduction
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury is professor of Prehistory of Humanity at the University of
Vienna and directs the research group ‘Prehistoric Identities’ at the Austrian Academy of
Sciences. Enthusiastic about the European Bronze and Iron Ages, her research focuses on
combining interdisciplinary approaches for insights into people’s lives, identities and social
relations in prehistory. Her current research explores themes such as sex and gender,
motherhood, kinship, mobility and migration through ERC and FWF-funded projects analyzing
burial contexts and human remains from Central Europe.
Abstract
This contribution explores the intricate connection between the human body and
personal identity in later prehistoric Europe, as the experience of the world varies significantly
based on age, health, gender, and other factors. Life is not the same in the body of a young or
an old person, in a healthy or disabled, or indeed a male or a female body.
A specific focus on motherhood as a distinct social identity emerged from the ERC-
Starting Grant project 'The value of mothers to society.' Motherhood includes a range of
cultural choices and practices in addition to the biological framework of sexual reproduction,
giving rise to a distinct identity category separate from female gender. This view allows new
insights into the social configurations of prehistory and highlights the intersections of
motherhood with age and social status.
The combination of archaeological context analysis and archaeogenetic data
contributes to understanding mother-child and other kinship relationships. While the co-
burial of women and children has traditionally been interpreted as indicative of kinship, recent
advancements in archaeogenetics provide a more accurate assessment of biological
connections. Although genetic relatedness remains a key aspect of kinship across cultures,
meaningful social relations emerge through enactment. Personal, emotive connections and
the social status to individuals may be expressed in the way bodies are handled, treated and
placed in relation through each other after death, and to material culture in the grave.
The discussion will be illustrated with case studies spanning from the Early Bronze Age
to the Iron Age in Central Europe (c. 2500 to 0 BC), offering insights into the multifaceted
dynamics of motherhood and its role in shaping prehistoric social configurations.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Were Etruscans before Etruscans already Etruscans? And what kind of
Etruscans were they? Issues of collective and individual identity in Early Iron
Age Southern Etruria.
Les Étrusques d'avant les Étrusques étaient-ils déjà des Étrusques? Et quel genre
d'Étrusques étaient-ils? Questions d'identité collective et individuelle dans l'Étrurie
méridionale du premier âge du Fer.
Simone Grosso ([email protected])
Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’antichità
Research supervisor: L.M. Michetti
The term “Identity” originates from the Latin word identitas, derived from idem,
meaning “the same thing”: an etymology therefore that seems to indicate something static,
“always the same as itself”. However, first in philosophy and subsequently in anthropology,
the fluid nature of identity as a social construct has been emphasized. Some even proposed
eliminating the term from the human sciences due to its misconceptions (Remotti). In fact, it
can be argued that at the core of every human community lies not a singular “identity” but a
multitude of different “identities”, at least as numerous as the individuals comprising the
community. Each individual can also express multiple personal identities, which makes the
community even more complex and dynamic, resulting from the movements of all the "souls"
that compose it. From a Tolstoyan perspective, we could say that the image we perceive of a
human group is nothing more than the result of the sum of individual personal identities.
Moreover, these personal identities continually interact, influencing and shaping one another,
thus forming a collective identity that is far from static.
On the other hand, talking about ancient communities, due to the time distance
between “us” and “them”, the risk is to perceive this complexity as something flattened,
forced at various levels within often uncomfortable labels such as "culture", “ethnos”,
“people”, and so on. So when we talk about the “Phoenicians” sailing in the Mediterranean
Sea or the “Greek” colonization in Southern Italy, we may often be involuntarily led to believe
that the authors of these historical events behaved as a unitary body, thought the same things,
had the same convictions and believed in the same purpose. The reality obviously had to be
decidedly different, as can be well understood by reading ancient literature, that
demonstrates how within the same community very different worldviews could coexist,
comparing, clashing and influencing each other. It is however clear that in the case of
protohistoric communities, especially due to the much poorer documentation available, the
difficulty of perceiving this complexity increases together with the risk of considering them
“flat”.
Therefore, the aim of this discussion is to consider how much of this multiplicity can
be recovered from the archaeological record, using the example of the Etruscan communities
between the 10th and 8th centuries BC, which constitute an excellent case study. As P. Xella
pointed out, in the Etruscological field the question of the “origins” mainly emerged and was
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
debated, rather than that of “identity”. This because of the Etruscans no one doubts that they
existed, had a self-naming, a precise geographical location, their own language and, however
ambiguous the concept may be, their own “culture”. However, looking more closely at the
problem, substantial differences between the Etruscan communities clearly emerge,
especially at a time when language does not yet emerge as a unifying factor.
We therefore ask ourselves: what has distinguished the Etruscans from the others
since the dawn of their "culture"? What are the factors that allow us to perceive them as a
well-defined identity? Is this identity something static and immutable throughout the region,
or something fluid and differentiated between the various local communities? And within
these communities is there an identity shared without distinction by all the members? What
is possible to recover from personal identities?
References
A.M. BIETTI SESTIERI, L'Italia nell'età del bronzo e del ferro. Dalle palafitte a Romolo (2200-
700 a.C.), Carocci editore, Roma 2010
U.E. FABIETTI, L’Identità etnica. Storia e critica di un concetto equivoco, Carocci editore, Roma
(or. ed. 1995)
P. XELLA, «Origini» e «identità». Riflessioni sul caso dei Fenici, in MEFRA 126.2, 2014, pp. 381-
391
L. ZAMBONI, Do you think we are Etruscans? Recognition issues in the 6th century BC Po
valley, in F. SACCOCCIO, E. VECCHI (ed.), Who do you think you are? Ethnicity in the
Iron Age Mediterranean, London 2022, pp. 77-98.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Who came first? The origin of the “Tyrrhenians” of Lemnos.
Qui vint le premier? L'origine des "Tyrrhéniens" de Lemnos.
Martina Derada ([email protected])
Pavia University, Humanities Department
Research supervisor: Maurizio Harari, Emanuele Papi
Lemnos is an island located in the North-Eastern Aegean that was inhabited from the
beginning of the Iron Age to the Archaic period (11th-6th century BCE) by local peoples who
are referred to by various names in different sources (Hom. Il. I, 593; Hdt. IV, 145): Thucydides
refers to the local inhabitants as Tyrrhenians, using the same name that the Greeks used for
the Etruscans (Th. IV, 109). The foundation stone for the interest of archaeologists, historians,
and linguists in the island of Lemnos was the discovery of the stele of Kaminia in 1885, which
is dated to the 6th c. BCE: it is inscribed in a Western Greek alphabet and in a language akin
to Etruscan (Georges Cousin- Félix Dürrbach, 1986. “Bas-relief de Lemnos avec inscriptions”,
Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, n. 10, 1-6). The mention by Thucydides, together with
the discovery of the Lemons stele, aroused great interest in modern research into the society
of Iron Age Lemnos: from the end of the 19th century, many scholars attempted to uncover
possible connections between the Etruscans of the Italian peninsula and the northern Aegean.
The Italian Archaeological School of Athens (IASA) began excavating the site of Hephaestia, on
the North-Eastern coast of Lemnos, in 1926: the scientific program, led by Director Alessandro
Della Seta, aimed to elucidate the possible relationships between the local population and the
Etruscans, thus fulfilling “a duty toward Italian national archaeology” (Alessandro Della Seta,
1924/25. “R. Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene”, Bollettino di Archeologia 4, 77-93). The
excavation of the necropolis of Hephaestia was carried out with great effort: based on the
finds, archaeologist Domenico Mustilli dated the burials to the 8th and the 7th centuries BCE
and coined the label “Tyrrhenian necropolis”, which was included in the bibliography; possible
connections with the Villanovan civilization in Italy were suggested (Domenico Mustilli, 1942.
“La necropoli tirrenica di Efestia”, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni
Italiane in Oriente 15-16 (1932-33), 1-278).
A new project, promoted by the IASA and the University of Pavia, aims to collect and
systematize new evidence on the so-called Tyrrhenian identity, starting from the re-study of
the necropolis of Hephaestia. One key point of the incipient research is to understand whether
and how the Tyrrhenian identity was created by scholars, from the discovery of the Lemnos
stele to the Italian excavations at Hephaestia: did this identity arise from the interpretation of
ancient written sources or from the material culture actually found, or in some way from the
social and political ideas of the researchers, imbued with the patriotism and nationalism of
the early XX century?
Eighty years later, I will attempt to deconstruct the Tyrrhenian label by re-examining
the archaeological materials with a new scientific approach, a better availability of
comparative material, and an updating of the concept of identity, society, and cultural
hybridization in Iron Age Aegean archaeology. The results will contribute to define a new
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
identity for the Geometric and Archaic society of Hephaestia. Finally, a new concept of identity
must be developed and communicated in the new archaeological studies: how should this
construction be carried out and what kind of sources can truly represent the identities of past
individuals and groups?
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Fragile egos: The many identities of Iron Age glass beads.
Des egos fragiles : Les multiples identités des perles de verre de l'âge du Fer.
Valentina Lončarić ([email protected])
HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora; Faculty of Science, KU Leuven
Research supervisor: Mafalda Costa, Patrick Degryse
Of the many new materials appearing in the Iron Age, glass is easily the most processed
and complex, making it one of the least intuitive starting points to study identity.
Archaeometric studies have long been exploring its production and provenance, but their
focus on technology, craft organisation and raw materials often comes at the cost of
“depersonalising” their subject of study [1]. Conversely, most of Iron Age glass artefacts found
in Europe are beads – personal objects that were used to adorn bodies. Studies of the social
contexts of Iron Age glass beads clearly demonstrate that they were an integral part of Iron
Age dresses which were used to convey group identities, gender and status [2,3]. The need
for transdisciplinarity in glass studies has recently been emphasized, and valuable case studies
put forward [1, 4], but the link between people and objects remains strenuous in this field.
If we assume Knappett’s notion of complex connectivity, glass beads can be seen as
one of the most readily recognized products of a “global” Iron Age world, spanning the Baltic
to North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula to the Black Sea. Despite their omnipresence,
distribution patterns show that the procurement of glass beads was not indiscriminate [3].
Although originating overwhelmingly in the Eastern Mediterranean, the infinite colour and
shape combinations of glass beads were used by many Iron Age communities in Europe to
uniquely embody aesthetic tendencies, status differences, group identity, beliefs, or life
events. On the other hand, the fact that glass beads are often found in funerary contexts,
inextricably ties them to individuals who wore them. Subtle imperfections and atomic
variations in composition are witness to the long process of specialisation their makers
underwent to become crafters. Glass beads are thus a literal and metaphorical fragile
amalgamation of many “selves” that played a role in their life cycles – from glass synthesis to
funerary rituals.
This communication raises the question of “who”, or rather how many “who”s can be
discerned in glass beads. This is done by looking at some theoretical and methodological
considerations which might be useful to untangle the multitude of identities embodied in Iron
Age glass beads. Specifically, case studies like that of “black” Iron Age glass in SW Iberia [3],
are reconsidered in the light of preliminary results of archaeometric and morphometric
analyses. The life cycle of beads is dissected to propose methods of, and understand the
limitations of, divining the interconnected identities of glassmakers, bead artisans, traders,
and wearers. A particular emphasis is placed on the multitude of dialectical relationships
permeating the area of study: the individual and the collective, unique and generic, indigenous
and foreign, regional and global, glass suppliers and buyers, technology and typology,
Archaeometry and Archaeology.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
REHREN, TH. & FREESTONE, I. 2015. Ancient glass; from kaleidoscope to crystal ball, J. Arch.
Sci. 56. pp. 233-241. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.021
FOULDS, M. 2014. Glass beads in Iron Age Britain, Durham University, Durham: UK, PhD thesis.
GOMES, F. B. 2021. Early Iron Age”black glass in Southwestern Iberia: typology, distribution,
and context, Zephyrvs 87, pp. 125-144. DOI: 10.14201/zephyrus202187125144
FIORENTINO, S.; CHINNI, T.; VANDINI, M. 2021. Materials Inspiring Methodology: Reflecting
on the Potential of Transdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Archaeological Glass,
Appl. Sci. 11 (17). DOI: 10.3390/appl11178049
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Beyond the warrior. The matter of “gender markers” and the expression of
masculinity in Northern France Iron Age burials.
Au-delà du guerrier. La question des "marqueurs de genre" et l'expression de la
masculinité dans les sépultures de l'âge du fer du Nord de la France.
Andrea Charignon ([email protected])
Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès, UMR 5608 TRACES
Research supervisor: Pierre-Yves Milcent, Sandra Péré-Noguès
The starting point for this communication is the observation that, while it is widely
acknowledged that narratives about past people are in fact told from a male-neutral
perspective, at the same time men were long presented as “genderless” in archaeological
accounts of the past (Alberti p. 401). Since the late 1990s, archaeologists advocating for the
incorporation of masculinities in archaeology have emphasized this perspective, asserting that
overlooking the complexity of masculinity perpetuates the notion of a homogenized 'man'
because of the stereotypical way of interpreting and representing the male gender (Caesar
1999a).
As for other time periods, the study of Protohistoric identities was shaped by this
androcentric and monolithic approach to these societies, where only a limited social structure
was considered. For the Second Iron Age, Celts were thus long considered as warriors, with
men holding the military monopoly and women more or less deprived of political power. This
idea of the Celtic warrior as the embodiment of these populations is still prevalent today. In
the research area, it is reflected in the widespread practice of identifying 'gender markers' in
graves, objects that can be used not only to shed light on the identity of the deceased, but
also to differentiate female burials (ornaments) from male burials (weapons) (Péré-Noguès
2008, p.151-152).
Over the last few decades, however, gender archaeology has challenged this
traditional approach to Iron Age funerary customs in Europe. Combined with
archaeothanatology, biological anthropology, but also A-DNA or isotopes, reflections on
identity and its expression in death have been constantly developing and refining. Yet despite
this proliferation of new approaches, it seems that the matter of masculinities during the Iron
Age remains, paradoxically, both central and marginal. Central, because research and
scientific manifestations relating to the question of war and warfare are revisited on a regular
basis. At the margins, because masculinity during the Metal Ages remains almost exclusively
analysed through this prism (Ramsl 2020, p.15).
Through the example of funerary costumes worn by male individuals in Northern
France during Early La Tène, this paper aims to demonstrate once again the scientific pitfalls
of the use of 'gender markers'. By combining biological anthropology and a social approach to
funerary costumes, the idea is to explore the issue of multiple masculinities during the Iron
Age, beyond the Warrior figure.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
ALBERTI B. (2006) ‒ Archaeology, Men and Masculinities, in S. M. Nelson (dir.), Handbook of
gender in archaeology, Oxford p.401-434.
CAESAR C. (1999a) ‒ The Construction of Masculinity – the Driving Force of History: A New
Way of Understanding Change in the Past, Lund Archaeological Review, 5, p. 117-136.
PÉRÉ-NOGUÈS S. (2008) ‒ Recherches autour des " marqueurs funéraires " à travers l’exemple
de quelques sépultures féminines de la nécropole du Fusco (Syracuse), PALLAS, 76, p.
151-171.
RAMSL P.C. (2020) ‒Diversity of male identities in Early and Middle La Tène Period cemeteries
in Central Europe, Nitra, Archeologický ústav (Archaeologica Slovaca Monographiae
Studia Tomus 32), 219 p.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Glass Ornaments and the Men’s World: Unveiling Identity in Northern Italian
and Slovenian Male Burials in the Early Iron Age.
Ornements en verre et monde des hommes : Dévoiler l'identité dans les sépultures
masculines d'Italie du Nord et de Slovénie au début de l'âge du Fer.
Jana Matznerová ([email protected])
Institute for Classical Archaeology, Charles University Prague
Research supervisor: Natalie Venclová
Glass ornaments have traditionally been associated with female burials and, on occasion, with
children where sex determination poses challenges. However, intriguingly, instances exist
where glass ornaments are unearthed in male burials, although rich personal ornamentation
can still be considered as predominantly female (e.g., Riva 2009, 74). This contribution aims
to delve into these cases, with a particular focus on the Early Iron Age, spanning from the 9th
to the 4th century BC, in Northern Italy and Slovenia.
Within this timeframe, glass ornaments were found prominently in funerary contexts,
often in substantial quantities, particularly within the Este culture in Italy and the Dolenjska
group in Slovenia. Previous studies focused on gender in the Italian Iron Age revealed that
rarely are there even types of ornaments that are preferentially male (Toms 1998, 169). In
male graves, glass ornaments are typically discovered in more modest quantities, most
commonly as solitary pieces. Interestingly, in one of the most prominent sites in the area –
Bologna, there are glass ornaments found together with weapons, even though weapons are
very rare in the local burial rite, and it is typical for male graves (Sassatelli 2001, 178).
However, it is needed to remind here that especially in Northern Italy, but also in Slovenia, for
the determination of sex, exclusively grave goods are used, but case studies considering also
biological sex have proved that in the majority of cases these markers are reliable (Toms 1998;
Bietti Sestieri 2009).
The question arises: how should these findings be interpreted? Were they intended as
mere ornaments, or do they hold significance as amulets or grave offerings from female
relatives, or are there other possible explanations? This contribution aspires to conduct a
thorough analysis of the glass artifacts, taking into account their typology and contextual
significance. The objective is to contribute to a broader discourse on the multifaceted roles
and identities within Iron Age communities.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
References
BIETTI SESTIERI, A. M. 2009: The Iron Age Community of Osteria Dell'Osa: A Study of Socio-
political Development in Central Tyrrhenian Italy. Cambridge: CUP Archive.
RIVA, C. 2009: The Urbanisation of Etruria: Funerary Practices and Social Change, 700–600 BC.
1st ed., Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316136515.
SASSATELLI, G. 2001: The Etruscans on the Po Plain. In: Camporeale, G. (ed.): The Etruscans
Outside Etruria. Los Angeles: The Paul Getty Museum, 168-191.
TOMS, J. 1998: The construction of gender in Early Iron Age Etruria. In: Whitehouse, R. (ed.):
Gender and Italian Archaeology: challenging the Stereotypes. London: Accordia
Research Institute, 156-178.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
What can amber tell us as grave good?
Que peut nous dire l’ambre en tant qu’offrande funéraire?
Filip Korn ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University, Brno
Research supervisor: Antonín Přichystal
This contribution presents the situation of amber artifacts in graves in Moravia (Czech
Republic) during the flat La Tène burial sites period (LT B–C1). Amber is a well-known indicator
of long-distance connections/trade in the prehistory and protohistory of Central Europe. In
the literature, more than 500 graves dated to the Late Iron Age on necropolises with a
minimum of 10 individuals are found (Urban 2023, 8). However, only nine graves recorded the
presence of amber (Korn 2023, 52–55). Amber grave goods are concentrated south of the
central agglomeration Němčice-Víceměřice. This site is also the only one that includes amber
in phase LT B. Němčice-Víceměřice is a well-known central locality, and recent excavations
have uncovered objects with large amounts of amber in the form of raw material and semi-
finished products, suggesting the potential presence of a workshop (Čižmář – Čižmářová –
Popelka 2022, 196–197). Is there some connection or is that only the current state of
evidence? The low number of amber artifacts in graves may be connected with the time of
their excavation, as many were examined in the 19th and first half of the 20th century. It is
also connected with the instability of this material (amber easily reacts chemically with its
surroundings in an unstable environment).
The basic comparison between the two regions (central and southern Moravia) is the
number of burial sites and graves excavated and whether they differed in their material. Are
there any other indications of differences in these regions, or is there just an absence of amber
in the north of the Němčice site? Is there some kind of border between two relatively separate
settlement groups, or a change of clothing tradition between these regions? In this
contribution, I will attempt to answer the question of whether graves containing amber are
exceptional based on other grave goods or whether they are a form of luxury added to
otherwise standard grave garniture.
References
ČIŽMÁŘ, I. – ČIŽMÁŘOVÁ, J. – POPELKA, M. 2022: Víceměřice (okr. Prostějov), Přehled
výzkumů 63/1, 196–197.
KORN, F. 2023: Nálezy jantaru doby laténské na Moravě, diplomová práce uložená FF UP,
Olomouc.
URBAN, P. 2023: Analýza laténskych pohrebísk na Morave, štatistická a priestorová analýza,
diplomová práce uložená FF MU, Brno.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
Hidden identity - an Early Iron Age hoard provides new insights into a contact
zone.
Identité cachée - un dépôt du premier âge du fer offre de nouvelles informations sur
une zone de contact.
Katharina Sophie Gröpl ([email protected])
JGU Mainz, Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie
Research supervisor: Christopher Pare, Martin Schönfelder
In January 2020, archaeological preliminary investigations preceding the expansion of
the industrial area in Klein-Winternheim, Mainz-Bingen district, Rhineland-Palatinate,
uncovered approximately one-third of the remains of an Iron Age settlement. This settlement
was surrounded by a ditch and represents a unique discovery in the Rhine Hesse region in
southwestern Germany. During this excavation, a hoard of eleven bronze arm rings was
unexpectedly discovered in the enclosure ditch of the settlement. This complex,
unprecedented in its composition, provides new insights into extensive networks and raises
questions about societal structures and cultural beliefs at the beginning of the Late Hallstatt
period. The ensemble includes two barrel-shaped bracelets, two "melon" bracelets, three
solid arm rings, and four sheet metal rings, dating to a late phase of the Ha D1 period. Through
its composition of jewellery forms both regionally and supraregionally distributed, the find
indicates extensive contacts within the Hallstatt period world of Rhine Hesse. Comparisons
with burial inventories reveal that the jewellery was predominantly worn by women.
Numerous burial finds, especially the ones containing barrel-shaped and "melon" bracelets,
raise questions about the identity of the wearers, suggesting a more assertive representation
of the wearer compared to earlier periods. This increased visibility of women is a phenomenon
observed throughout the Hallstatt region. Positions of women in the religious-cultural sphere
are often discussed in this context. The hoard from Klein-Winternheim could be another
puzzle piece in understanding an increasingly stratified Hallstatt society where women
seemingly held a significantly more equal position. Closely related to this social aspect is the
examination of hoard customs in the Hallstatt period. While the number of depositions in the
Urnfield period peaked and almost completely ceased at the beginning of the Hallstatt period,
various deposition customs are recognizable during the Hallstatt period, differing in the
selection and condition of the deposited objects. Although comparisons for the presented
hoard from southwestern Germany are lacking, depositions marked by the presence of rings
worn by women are notable in France, particularly in the Paris Basin, and in Bohemia.
Therefore, the hoard from Klein-Winternheim not only indicates a close connection of the
previously unknown settlement site through the partly widespread distribution of its contents
but also through the deposition custom itself. It raises numerous questions about the identity
of the owners of the jewellery and their ritual beliefs associated with deposition. The role of
this previously unknown settlement for the Rhine Hesse region, which has largely been
overlooked in research due to various aspects, and the integration of this region into extensive
networks are aspects that I intend to explore in a forthcoming dissertation.
10ème Rencontres Doctorales - 14-18 mars 2024
Connected in Death: Elite Identities in Iron Age Funerary Practices.
Connected in Death: les identités de l’élite dans les pratiques funéraires de l'âge du
fer.
Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof ([email protected])
Dutch National Museum of Antiquities
Introduction
Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof is a prehistorian
currently working as assistant-curator at the
Dutch National Museum in Antiquities. She also
works freelance as ‘the Overdressed
Archeologist’ doing research, graphic design,
editing and translation work, as well as social
media and stakeholder research. As the PI of the
Traveling Bands project, she is investigating the
role of mobility in Iron Age funerary practices. In
2017 she obtained her PhD at Leiden University and was awarded the Joseph Déchelette
European Archaeology Prize for her dissertation on Early Iron Age elite burials in the Low
Countries.
Abstract
There is a striking concentration of Early Iron Age (800–500 BC) elite burials in the Low
Countries, which contain bronze vessels, weaponry, horse tack, and wagons as grave goods.
These items, largely imported from Central Europe, are grouped together in various
arrangements in cremation burials commonly referred to as chieftains’ graves or princely
burials. Notable examples in the Netherlands and Belgium include the Chieftain’s grave of Oss,
the wagon grave of Wijchen, and the elite cemetery of Court-St-Etienne. In terms of grave
goods, they bear resemblance to the Fürstengräber of the Hallstatt Culture, where similar sets
of grave goods are found primarily in inhumation burials placed in wooden burial chambers
underneath large barrows.
While it been recognized that the elite graves in both regions were linked for almost a
century, exactly how we should envision this connection has long since been debated.
Working from the perspective that the elite funerary rites enacted the dead’s elite identities,
we can gain a better understanding of the relationships between the local elites and those
from the Central European Hallstatt Culture by examining the actions taken and choices made
during the elite funerary rites. Not solely through the grave goods deposited, as is sometimes
thought, but rather the burial practice demonstrates that these elites were truly connected in
death.
10th Doctoral Meeting - 14-18 March 2024
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