Cigarette Use Among Individuals at High Risk for Lung Cancer

Oncology Nursing Forum, 2013

moking accounts for about one in five deaths in the United States, and the economic cost of smoking was estimated at $193 billion in 2004 (American Lung Association, 2011). Although the prevalence of American adult smokers has decreased by 1.6% from 2005-2011, the proportion of daily smokers smoking from one to nine cigarettes per day increased from 16% to 22% (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Tobacco use contributes to multiple health issues such as heart disease and cancers and is the single largest preventable cause of death and disease in the United States (CDC, 2011). Guidelines recommend that every patient who smokes should be counseled by a healthcare provider to quit smoking (Fiore et al., 2008). The Joint Commission (2010) requires healthcare organizations to implement a smokefree environment. Encouraging smokers to quit is one of the most effective interventions known to reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality and to improve patients' health. Providing advice on smoking cessation to smokers by healthcare providers improves cessation rates (

Network modeling analysis in health informatics and bioinformatics, 2023

Integration of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) into chronic lung disease management is becoming increasingly popular. MHealth apps may support adoption of self-management behaviors to assist people in symptoms control and quality of life enhancement. However, mHealth apps' designs, features, and content are inconsistently reported, making it difficult to determine which were the effective components. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the characteristics and features of published mHealth apps for chronic lung diseases. A structured search strategy across five databases (CINAHL, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane) was performed. Randomized controlled trials investigating interactive mHealth apps in adults with chronic lung disease were included. Screening and full-text reviews were completed by three reviewers using Research Screener and Covidence. Data extraction followed the mHealth Index and Navigation Database (MIND) Evaluation Framework (https:// minda pps. org/), a tool designed to help clinicians determine the best mHealth apps to address patients' needs. Over 90,000 articles were screened, with 16 papers included. Fifteen distinct apps were identified, 8 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (53%) and 7 for asthma (46%) self-management. Different resources informed app design approaches, accompanied with varying qualities and features across studies. Common reported features included symptom tracking, medication reminders, education, and clinical support. There was insufficient information to answer MIND questions regarding security and privacy, and only five apps had additional publications to support their clinical foundation. Current studies reported designs and features of self-management apps differently. These app design variations create challenges in determining their effectiveness and suitability for chronic lung disease self-management. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021260205).

npj Digital Medicine

Evidence of the long-term efficacy of digital therapies for smoking cessation that include a smartphone application (app) is limited. In this multi-center randomized controlled trial, we tested the efficacy of a novel digital therapy for smoking cessation: the “CureApp Smoking Cessation (CASC)” system, including a CASC smartphone app, a web-based patient management PC software for primary physicians, and a mobile exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) checker. A total of 584 participants with nicotine dependence were recruited from October 2017 to January 2018, and allocated 1:1 to the CASC intervention group or the control group. Both groups received a standard smoking cessation treatment with pharmacotherapy and counseling for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, the intervention group used the CASC system, and the control group used a control-app without a mobile CO checker, each for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the biochemically validated continuous abstinence rate (CAR) from weeks 9 to 24. The main...

Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2021

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disability in the U.S. Empirical evidence suggests that engaging in evidence-based self-regulatory strategies (e.g., behavioral substitution, mindful attention) can improve smokers' ability to resist craving and build self-regulatory skills. However, poor engagement represents a major barrier to maximizing the impact of self-regulatory strategies. This paper describes the protocol for Mobile Assistance for Regulating Smoking (MARS)-a research study designed to inform the development of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention for promoting real-time, real-world engagement in evidence-based self-regulatory strategies. The study will employ a 10-day Micro-Randomized Trial (MRT) enrolling 112 smokers attempting to quit. Utilizing a mobile smoking cessation app, the MRT will randomize each individual multiple times per day to either: (a) no intervention prompt; (b) a prompt recommending brief (low effort) cognitive and/or behavioral self-regulatory strategies; or (c) a prompt recommending more effortful cognitive or mindfulness-based strategies. Prompts will be delivered via push notifications from the MARS mobile app. The goal is to investigate whether, what type of, and under what conditions prompting the individual to engage in self-regulatory strategies increases engagement. The results will build the empirical foundation necessary to develop a mHealth intervention that effectively utilizes intensive longitudinal self-report and sensor-based assessments of emotions, context and other factors to engage an individual in the type of self-regulatory activity that would be most beneficial given their real-time, real-world circumstances. This type of mHealth intervention holds enormous potential to expand the reach and impact of smoking cessation treatments.

Babali Nursing Research, 2020

Smoking is the most preventable cause of illness and premature death worldwide. Because of the danger of smoking, smoker must try to quit smoking. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of mobile or web-based intervention on smoking cessation program. Methods: This study was used systematic review with literature search using online reference databases such as ProQuest, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS. The keywords that used in this research was mobile intervention, phone intervention, apps intervention, web-based intervention, and smoking cessation. This study included randomized controlled trial studies with mobile or web-based intervention for smoking cessation program. Results: Twenty-five RCTs showed intervention groups with mobile or web-based had better affect to stop smoking than control groups or comparison groups. Conclusion: Smoking cessation is also influenced by the focusing of mobile or web-based intervention provided. Thus, providing information about the strengths and the effect of therapy is important.

2015

Tobacco epidemic has become one of the major threats for public health. Several intervention techniques have focused on this issue. However, due to high cost and inadequate accessibility, a vast majority of the smokers are unable to receive benefits from these interventions. Wide availability of mobile phones and growing number of users inspired researchers to utilize mobile phones as a cost-effective, accessible medium for designing smoking cessation interventions. Though promising, these interventions are struggling to support users’ needs. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of 69 articles available in four major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore). Our objective is to identify areas where cessation techniques succeeded and areas that remain challenging. We propose a set of implications guided by theories of cognitive dissonance, health behavior change, and assistive technologies that can inform future research, and guide the design ...

BMC Public Health, 2012

Background: Despite a significant decrease in smoking prevalence over the past ten years, cigarette smoking still represents the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Moreover, smoking prevalence is significantly higher among those with low levels of education and those living at, or below, the poverty level. These groups tend to be confronted with significant barriers to utilizing more traditional smoking cessation intervention approaches. The purpose of the study, Project ACTION (Adult smoking Cessation Treatment through Innovative Outreach to Neighborhoods), is to utilize a mobile clinic model, a network of community sites (i.e., community centers and churches) and an interactive mobile messaging system to reach and deliver smoking cessation treatment to underserved, low-income communities. Methods/Design: We are using a group-randomized design, with the community site as the sampling unit, to compare the efficacy of three smoking cessation interventions: 1) Standard Care-brief advice to quit smoking, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and self-help materials; 2) Enhanced Care-standard care components plus a cell phone-delivered text/graphical messaging component; and 3) Intensive Care-enhanced care components plus a series of 11 cell phone-delivered proactive counseling sessions. An economic evaluation will also be performed to evaluate the relative cost effectiveness of the three treatment approaches. We will recruit 756 participants (252 participants in each of the 3 intervention groups). At the time of randomization, participants complete a baseline assessment, consisting of smoking history, socio-demographic, and psychosocial variables. Monthly cell phone assessments are conducted for 6 months-post enrollment, and a final 12-month follow-up is conducted at the original neighborhood site of enrollment. We will perform mixed-model logistic regression to compare the efficacy of the three smoking cessation intervention treatment groups. Discussion: It is hypothesized that the intensive care approach will most successfully address the needs of the target population and result in the highest smoking cessation rates. In addition to increasing cessation rates, the intervention offers several features (including neighborhood outreach and use of mHealth technology) that are likely to reduce treatment barriers while enhancing participant engagement and retention to treatment. Trial registration: This randomized controlled trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT00948129.

Translational behavioral medicine, 2018

Currently, the evidence for mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation interventions is limited and heterogeneous, warranting the need for innovative rigorously developed solutions. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a smoking cessation smartphone application (app) developed using evidence-based principles. The app (Kick.it) was designed using the Intervention Mapping framework, incorporating an extensive literature review and qualitative study, in combination with the Behavioural Change Taxonomy v1, the Theoretical Domains Framework, and the Persuasive System Design framework. Kick.it provides quit smoking education, skills training, motivational content and self-regulation functionality for smokers, as well as their social support network. By logging cravings and cigarettes smoked, users will create their own smoking profile, which will be used to provide tailored interventions. It hosts a social network to allow 24/7 social support and provides in-app tools t...

JMIR Research Protocols, 2015

Background: Tobacco use remains the number one cause of preventable chronic disease and death in developed countries worldwide. In North America, smoking rates are highest among young adults. Despite that the majority of young adult smokers indicate wanting to quit, smoking rates among this age demographic have yet to decline. Helping young adults quit smoking continues to be a public health priority. Digital mobile technology presents a promising medium for reaching this population with smoking cessation interventions, especially because young adults are the heaviest users of this technology. Objective: The primary aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness of an evidence-informed mobile phone app for smoking cessation, Crush the Crave, on reducing smoking prevalence among young adult smokers. Methods: A parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two arms will be conducted in Canada to evaluate Crush the Crave. In total, 1354 young adult smokers (19 to 29 years old) will be randomized to receive the evidence-informed mobile phone app, Crush the Crave, or an evidence-based self-help guide known as "On the Road to Quitting" (control) for a period of 6 months. The primary outcome measure is a 30-day point prevalence of abstinence at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include a 7-day point prevalence of abstinence, number of quit attempts, reduction in consumption of cigarettes, self-efficacy, satisfaction, app utilization metrics, and use of smoking cessation services. A cost-effectiveness analysis is included. Results: This trial is currently open for recruitment. The anticipated completion date for the study is April 2016. Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial will provide the evidence to move forward on decision making regarding the inclusion of technology-based mobile phone interventions as part of existing smoking cessation efforts made by health care providers. Evidence from the trial will also inform the development of future apps, provide a deeper understanding of the factors that drive change in smoking behavior using an app, and improve the design of cessation apps. This trial is among the first to