Flier on Oxytenanthera abyssinica

2003

Seedling emergence and subsequent survival and growth are vital for natural forest restoration or plantation establishment by means of seeds. Such information is lacking for the African bamboo species. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to evaluate the influence of seed orientation and sowing depth of the lowland bamboo Oxytenanthera abyssinica on seedling emergence, survival and growth. A randomised complete block design was used.

Kenya Past and Present, 1990

Eighty per cent of Kenya's land is arid or semi-arid, unsuitable for most rain-fed agriculture. Irrigation projects to date have proved expensive and, with the crops cultivated, not always cost-effective in the long term. In addition, crops such as cotton require high inputs-pesticides and chemical fertilizers-that result in poisoning the soil and groundwater. Cattle, sheep, goats and camels are the main economic resource in Kenya's drylands. Livestock is managed in these areas generally along traditional lines, except for a few privately owned ranches. Land is usually communally 'owned', This Commiphora ho/tziana produces opoponax, a resin similar to myrrh.

2019

The present study is about ethnobotany and conservation issues of the multipurpose Oxytenanthera abyssinica in the Mandura Woreda. The Woreda has patchily distributed vegetation features characterized by Combrutum molle and Entada abyssinica growing in association with O.abyssinica, commonly known as lowland bamboo. The life of native people in Mandura Woreda is strongly dependant on law land bamboo for their socio-economic well binges. The lowland bamboo forest in the Woreda was flowered in 1998 E.C, but the current burning environmental issues in the Woreda is deforestation due to fuel-wood consumption, timber harvesting, farm expansion, and forest burning. O.abyssinica is multipurpose tree species in Mandura Woreda; about 20 local uses ofthe spices are identified. Pair wise ranking with 5 highly preferred woody species of different uses was conducted and O. abyssinica was first choice for construction and beehive making; and ranked fourth for pole and fire wood. The new shoots of...

International Journal of Forestry Research

Background. Lowland Bamboo (O. abyssinica) is an indigenous multipurpose species in Ethiopia and endemic to Africa. Aims. The present study was aimed at investigating provenance variation on early survival rate and growth performance of O. abyssinica seedlings so as to obtain suitable provenance for production of high quality seedlings. Methods. Seeds were collected from Pawe and Sherkole districts. Following raise of seedlings data on survival count, culm height, root collar diameter (RCD), number of leaves, and biomass were recorded. Results. Pawe provenance had slightly higher survival rate (91%). Except seedlings RCD, rhizomes length, and roots fresh and dry weights, higher mean values of other morphological parameters were recorded in Sherkole provenance. Biomass of leaves and culms was higher in Shekole provenance, while root biomass was exceeded by the Pawe provenance. However, significant variations (P<0.05) between provenances were observed in RCD, rhizomes length, weigh...

Bioresource Technology, 2003

Seedling emergence and subsequent survival and growth are vital for natural forest restoration or plantation establishment by means of seeds. Such information is lacking for the African bamboo species. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to evaluate the influence of seed orientation and sowing depth of the lowland bamboo Oxytenanthera abyssinica on seedling emergence, survival and growth. A randomised complete block design was used. Seedling emergence in the seed orientation experiment followed the order embryo-end-up > lay-flat > embryo-end-down. Survival rate after 62 days decreased in the order lay-flat > embryoend-down > embryo-end-up. Mean seedling height and number of leaves per seedling followed a similar pattern. Seeds sown on top of the soil surface and at 2.5 mm depth achieved faster and higher seedling emergence than those sown at 5 and 10 mm depths. However, mean seedling height and number of leaves per seedling were higher in 5 and 2.5 mm depths than surface and 10 mm depths. There were significant quadratic relationships between sowing depth and seedling height ðp ¼ 0:034Þ as well as number of leaves per seedling ðp ¼ 0:032Þ, both peaking around 5 mm soil depth. Lay-flat orientation, which is the most frequent position in broadcast sowing, is recommended at 5 mm sowing depth for the lowland bamboo based on overall performance in seedling emergence, survival and growth.

linkage among actors. Access to market is difficult for a majority (88%) of the producers, and hence they sell bamboo culms and other product forms locally, mainly in roadside markets. Despite the inefficient value chains, 85% of the respondents indicated an increasing trend of demand for bamboo products. Market assessment for bamboo culms showed a price elasticity of demand, which is the change in quantity divided by change in price, up to 1.21 in

Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2015

In northern Ethiopia, establishment of exclosures and management of remnant protected natural forests to conserve and enhance forest products and services have been practiced for the past three decades. However, empirical data on the effectiveness of lowland bamboo based homestead agroforestry system in rescuing woody species diversity are lacking. The study was assessed the woody species diversity, density and composition of O. abyssinica based homestead agroforestry systems in Serako, Tselemti district. Data were collected from a total of ninety nine farms and plots with 10m*10m area, ninety from less than five year, five to ten years and greater than ten years domestication of O. abyssinica based homesteads and one exclosure with nine plots as comparison were taken. The study revealed that species density, richness and diversity were significantly higher in the exclosure than in the three homesteads (p<0.000). The study showed that a total of 48 tree species in 25 families and 24 tree species in 11 families for the homestead agroforestry systems and exclosure respectively were recorded. Following the age gradient, there was a significant difference in density, richness and diversity between greater than ten and less than five year domesticated O. abyssinica homestead agroforestry systems (p<0.000). This study confirmed that woody species diversity was higher for those households that domesticate O. abyssinica on their homesteads earlier than those households that domesticate later on their homesteads. Oxytenanthera abyssinica was not found in the exclosure, showing a distinct conscious selection for planting in the homesteads as agroforestry system. It is suggested that homestead agroforestry systems are effective for increasing biodiversity and socioeconomic contributions to rural households.

Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 2010

socioeconomic change in indigenous cultures which affect perception and use, and shifts in local medical traditions from traditional medicines to more modern medicines (Farnsworth & Soejarto 1991). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 80 percent of people in developing countries depend upon traditional medicine for treatment of disease and other maladies in their primary health care (Bisht et al. 2006, Farnsworth 1994). In Kenya, it is estimated that 75-90% of rural communities rely on ethnomedicine knowledge and medicinal plants for treatment of illnesses as prescribed by local health care systems or as a supplement to modern medicines (Kiringe 2006). Ethnomedical practices are preferred largely because medicinal plants are less expensive, readily available and reliable, and they are considered to have fewer side effects than modern medicines. Loss of medicinal plants may lower the quality of health care for rural people; especially, indigenous people who rely on these plants to meet their various health-care needs. Therefore, the conservation of medicinal plants

2013

Kenya depends on fuel-wood for cooking and heating in most households. Over 80 % of both rural and urban households in the country use fuel wood for cooking. These Prosopis plant species provide excellent fuel wood. These plants were introduced in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya in the early 1970s as a source of woodfuel and also for the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Prosopis is a prolific seeder and has invasiveness behaviour that results in a number of social, ecological and economic concerns to the local communities, and challenges to development partners. Now with the Kenyan Forest Policy 2005 which proposes strategies and actions to enhance sustainable and efficient production of wood-fuel, Prosopis species is a suitable candidate. The Kenya Forest Service is now issuing permits allowing charcoal burning of Prosopis species in an effort to manage and curb uncontrolled spread. There is a national ban on charcoal making from unsustainable wood sources which include the ...

Ethiop. J. Agric. Sci. 29(3)63-71 (2019), 2019

Field surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 belg season to generate baseline information on the type of pests prevailing in Belg and irrigated tef. The survey was conducted in five zones. Weeds were sampled in four 50 cm x 50 cm quadrats and the number of individual weed plants were counted and identified to species level in situ. Insect pests and diseases were determined by visual search for damages done by insects or symptoms of diseases throughout the field. Tef shoot flies (Atherigona spp.), maize aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and unidentified stalk borer infested tef. But the severity of damage caused by these insect pests was trace to 10%. Tef rust (Uromyces eragrostidis) and Sclerotium sp. were prevalent in limited tef fields. Tef is also attacked by different bird species. More than 22 weed species in more than 14 families were recorded throughout the surveyed areas. The two families Poaceae and Compositae accounted for the larger proportion of weed species. In the 2016 season Cyperus spp., Portulaca oleracea, Parthenium hysterophorus, Amaranthus hybridus and Xanthium strumarium, in decreasing order, were the most abundant weed species, whereas in the 2017 season Setaria pumila, Eragrostis cilianensis, P. hysterophorus and Argemone ochroleuca, in decreasing order, were abundant weed species. Field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis, which is found only in East, Southwest, and West Shewa Zones, was found in one field sown to Quncho.