Applied Hydrogeophysics

Applied Hydrogeophysics NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science Programme. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division Sub-Series I. Life and Behavioural Sciences II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry III. Computer and Systems Science IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences IOS Press Springer IOS Press Springer The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series. The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting generally supported are “Advanced Study Institutes” and “Advanced Research Workshops”, and the NATO Science Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized bij scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO’s Partner countries – countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe. Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances in a field. Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and identification of directions for future action. As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science Series was re-organised to the four sub-series noted above. Please consult the following web sites for information on previous volumes published in the Series. http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences – Vol. 71 Applied Hydrogeophysics edited by Harry Vereecken Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Germany Andrew Binley Lancaster University, UK Giorgio Cassiani Università di Milano Bicocca, Italy Andre Revil Université Aix-Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France and Konstantin Titov State University of St. Petersburg, Russia Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Soils and Groundwater Contamination: Improved Risk Assessment St. Petersburg, Russia 25-29 July 2004 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 1-4020-4911-0 (PB) 978-1-4020-4911-8 (PB) 1-4020-4910-2 (HB) 978-1-4020-4910-1 (HB) 1-4020-4912-9 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4912-5 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii List of Contributors ix 1. Applied Hydrogeophysics Harry Vereecken, Andrew Binley, Giorgio Cassiani, André Revil, and Konstantin Titov 1 2. Hydrogeophysical Parameter Estimation Approaches for Field Scale Characterization Niklas Linde, Jinsong Chen, Michael B. Kowalsky, and Susan Hubbard 3. A Successive Linear Estimator for Electrical Resistivity Tomography Tian-Chyi J. Yeh, Junfeng Zhu, Andreas Englert, Amado Guzman, and Steve Flaherty 4. Unsaturated Zone Processes Giorgio Cassiani, Andrew Binley, and Ty P.A. Ferré 5. Solute Transport Processes Andreas Kemna, Andrew Binley, Frederick Day-Lewis, Andreas Englert, Bülent Tezkan, Jan Vanderborght, Harry Vereecken, and Peter Winship 6. Biogeophysics: The Effects of Microbial Processes on Geophysical Properties of the Shallow Subsurface Estella A. Atekwana, D. Dale Werkema, and Eliot A. Atekwana 7. Cold Regions Hydrogeophysics: Physical Characterization and Monitoring Helen K. French, Andrew Binley, Ivan Kharkhordin, Bernd Kulessa, and Sergey S. Krylov v 9 45 75 117 161 195 vi CONTENTS 8. Hydrogeophysical Applications in Coastal Aquifers Mark Goldman and Uri Kafri 9. Applications of the Self-Potential Method to Hydrological Problems André Revil, Konstantin Titov, Claude Doussan, and Vincenzo Lapenna 233 255 10. Engineered Barriers for Pollutant Containment and Remediation Lee Slater and Andrew Binley 293 11. Geoelectrical Characterisation of Covered Landfill Sites: A Process-Oriented Model and Investigative Approach Maxwell Meju 319 12. Chernobyl-Born Radionuclides: Groundwater Protectability with Respect to Preferential Flow Zones Vyacheslav M. Shestopalov, Yuriy F. Rudenko, Alexander S. Bohuslavsky, and Volodymir N. Bublias Index 341 377 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The book “Applied Hydrogeophysics” presents the outcome of a successful NATO Advanced Research Workshop which was held in St. Petersburg, 25–29 July, 2004 and entitled “Soils and groundwater contamination: Improved risk assessment.” We thank NATO for supporting and funding this workshop. We are grateful to all reviewers who helped to increase the quality of the scientific information contained in this book: Alberto Bellin, Fred DayLewis, Claudio Gallo, Alberto Godio, Sander Huisman, Ivan Kharkhordin, Sebastien Lambot, Maxwell Meju, Véronique Naudet, Jirka Simunek, Heiner Stoffregen, Andreas Weller and Paul Wilkinson. We particularly thank Gaby Pillert for the administrative and technical support in preparing the workshop but especially for her support in organisation and preparation of this book and for maintaining good contact with all authors. Andrew Binley Giorgio Cassiani André Revil Konstantin Titov Harry Vereecken Editors vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Cassiani Giorgio Università di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologiche Piazza della Scienza 4 20126 Biocca Italy Atekwana Estella Dep. of Geological Sciences and Enineering University of Missouri-Rolla 125 McNutt Hall 65409Rolla, Missouri MO, USA Atekwana Eliot University of Missouri-Rolla Dep. of Geological Sciences and Engineering 125 McNutt Hall 65409 Rolla, Missouri MO, USA Chen Jingsong Earth Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 90-1116 Berkeley CA, USA Binley Andrew Lancaster University Dep. of Environmental Science Bailrigg LA1 4YQ Lancaster UK Day-Lewis Frederick U.S. Geological Survey Office of Ground Water, Branch of Geophysics 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs CT, USA Bohuslavsky Alexander National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Radioenvironmental Center O.Gonchar Str. 1054 Kyiv Ukraine Doussan Claude INRA Unité Climat Sol Environnement Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9 France Bublias Volodymir National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Radioenvironmental Center O.Gonchar Str. 1054 Kyiv Ukraine Englert Andreas Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere (ICG-IV) 52425 Jülich Germany ix x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Ferré Ty P.A. Dep. of Hydrology and Water Resources The University of Arizona 1133 E. James E. Roger Way 85721Tuscon Arizona, USA French Helen Norwegian Institute for Agicultural and Environmental Research Soil, Water and Environment Division Frederik A. Dahlsv. 20 1432 As Norway Flaherty Steve ARCADIS 3777 E. Broadway Blvd. Suite 100 85716 Tuscon Arizona, USA Goldman Mark The Geophysical Institute of Israel PO Box 182. Industrial Zone North 71100 Lod Israel Kafri Uri Geological Survey of Israel PO Box 182. Industrial Zone North 95501 Jerusalem Israel Kemna Andreas Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere (ICG-IV) 52425 Jülich Germany Kharkhordin Ivan Inst. of Environmental Geosciences St. Petersburg Division 14-th Line, 29 199178 St. Petersburg Russia Kowalsky Michael Earth Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116 Berkeley CA, USA Guzman Amado ARCADIS 3777 E. Broadway Blvd. Suite 100 85716 Tuscon Arizona, USA Krylov Sergey Dep. of Earth Physics, Inst. of Physics St. Petersburg University Ulyanovskaya 1, Petershof 198904 St. Petersburg Russia Hubbard Susan Earth Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116 Berkeley CA, USA Kulessa Bernd University of Wales Swansea School of the Environment and Society Singleton Park SA2 8pp Swansea Wales, UK LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Lapenna Vincenzo Institute of Methodology for Environment Analysis (IMAA-CNR) Potenza I 85050 Italy Linde Niklas Dep. of Earth Sciences/Geophysics Uppsala University Villav. 16 75236 Uppsala Sweden Meju Maxwell Dep. of Environmental Science Lancaster University Bailrigg LA1 4YQ Lancaster UK Revil André CNRS-CEREGE, Dept. Geophysics BP 80 13545 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 4 France Rudenko Yuriy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Radioenvironmental Center O.Gonchar Str. 1054 Kyiv Ukraine Shestopalov Vyacheslav Radioenvironmental Center National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine O.Gonchar Str. 1054 Kyiv Ukraine Slater Lee Dep. of Earth & Environmental Sciences Rutgers University 101 Warren Street 7102 Newark NJ Tezkan Bülent Inst. of Geophysics and Meteorology Cologne University Albertus-Magnus-Platz 50923 Köln Germany Titov Konstantin Russian Institute of Exploration Geophysics 20 Fayansovaya St. 193019 St. Petersburg Russia Vanderborght Jan Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere (ICG-IV) 52425 Jülich Germany Vereecken Harry Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere (ICG-IV) 52425 Jülich Germany Werkema Dale U.S. EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD, CMB 944 E. Harmon Ave 89119 Las Vegas Nevada, USA xi xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Winship Peter Lancaster University Dep. of Environmental Science Bailrigg LA1 4YQ Lancaster UK Yeh Tian-Chyi J. Dep. of Hydrology and Water Resources The University of Arizona 1133 E. James E. Roger Way 85721Tuscon Arizona, USA Zhu Junfeng The University of Arizona Dep. of Hydrology and Water Resources 1133 E. James E. Roger Way 85721 Tuscon Arizona, USA