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2023, Islam and contraception: A missed opportunity
https://doi.org/10.1002/rfc2.49…
3 pages
1 file
Rapid population growth is observed in many Muslim countries which presents an obstacle to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Islam has considered the question of contraception with objectivity being a religion that underscores the importance of planning in all individual and societal affairs. There is no verse in the Quran which forbids the husband or wife to space pregnancies or reduce their number and the companions of the Prophet were allowed to practice coitus interruptus. Contraception opponents, on the other hand, claimed that any form of contraception violates God's intentions and that Islam called for a Muslim population that does not stop growing. Lack of knowledge of the position of Islam towards contraception and the religious misinterpretations that were propagated among grassroots resulted in the gap between Muslims and their doctrine regarding contraception. Raising awareness of how Islam perceived contraception and addressing questions of religious acceptability at the grassroots is one of the key factors in promoting the uptake of contraception programs in Muslim countries which will eventually scale up development efforts.
Marriage and procreation is rampant in the world today, but the proper upbringing of the offprings according to Islamic tenets is observed to be low standards. Family planning is a way to curtail rapid reproduction in human society, a practice adopted by many families including Muslims family in the world. This paper aims at looking whether this practice agrees with Islam or contradict it; it gives an overview of the Islamic position on the family planning and modern contraception. The paper relies on secondary sources, through internet and library materials such as journals, magazines, newspapers and textbooks for the study. The study discovered that family planning is divided in to two: Permanent and Temporary, it is permissible to use temporary methods of birth control for the purpose of spacing pregnancies, or preventing pregnancy for a specific period of time, if there is a valid reason, but the permanent method like sterilization is prohibited. The paper recommends Muslims to be very careful in western propaganda on family planning and birth control related issues, and they should ask Islamic scholars for more clarification on modern family planning.
2018
Corresponding Author: Aminu Ibrahim International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology and Humanities |IJSRETH ISSN Print: 2465-731X | ISSN Online: 2467-818X Volume 5, Number 1, August, 2018 IJSRETH | Page 106 http://internationalpolicybrief.org/journals/international-scientific-research-consortium-journals/intl-jrnl-of-strategic-research-in-edu-tech-humanities-vol5-no1-august-2018 Background to the Study Islam provides guidance for Muslims in all the spheres of life, religiously, socially, economically and politically. This is why, Islam comprises set of norms, values and laws that make up the Islamic way of life. Among such norms, values and laws, is the family planning which emphasized the aspect of health education as it has to do with a process of transferring knowledge and skills that will bring about positive change towards a healthy living. Family planning increased level of health awareness among community members means that health problems can be prevente...
The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 2006
Al-Afkar Journal of Islamic Studies, 2019
Abstrack Birth control also known as contraception and fertility control are the methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy. Planning, provision and use of birth control is called family planning. The History of birth control is as old as Islam itself. The Arabs used to practice it during the days of Jahaliyah. After the advent of Islam, the muslims continued the process and is said to have got permission with moderation from the prophet SAW. The moderation he did was to approve the practice of Azl as a measure to birth control. Birth control or family planning is not a new issue rather it has remained a burning issue from the advent of Islam as it is today. It is a concept for all people and all nations of the world irrespective of people's religious alienations.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2013
The population of the world reached seven billion in 2012. Pakistan's population stands at more than 180 million, is growing rapidly, and has the highest unmet need for family planning (FP) in isolated rural areas. The low usage of contraception in the rural areas of Pakistan correlates with the level of isolation, poverty, illiteracy, and to a large extent, religious misinterpretations/misconceptions. Almost 25% of couples who desired FP services were not receiving them for a variety of reasons of which religion could be one, especially in the rural remote areas where the media is still not reaching and influencing mind-sets. In this scenario, the role of social marketing in bringing about attitudinal and behavioural change among users in underserved areas and gatekeepers and opinion makers in society must not be neglected. The work in promoting FP, contraception and birth spacing requires authentic evidence from similar sociocultural contexts and this endeavour of compiling ca...
Geoinformation in Europe ( …, 2007
Canadian Historical Review, 94, 1, March 2013, p. 1-27, 2013
"At the conquest of New France, the British had already built a long tradition of purchasing Aboriginal land. This policy, made official in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, was implemented in an extensive portion of the Canadian territory, but not in the Saint Lawrence Valley, heart of the former French empire in America, and what is now the province of Quebec. The British, followed by the Canadian government, adopted a policy of unilateral land appropriation in that area, dispossessing the Aboriginals without reliance on a treaty system. This particularity of the Indian land policy in Quebec has given rise to divergent interpretations that rest on the same implicit premise that a structuring legal framework existed, which, when reconstituted, gives meaning to history, either by legitimizing the unilateral dispossession process or by stigmatizing it. This article attempts to locate the process of dispossessing Aboriginal land outside the normative framework imposed by the law. The objective is not to identify a standard to explain why the British did not conclude treaties, but rather to follow a process of legal standardization, in which colonial practice is inscribed, through trial and error, detours, shifts in meaning, and improvisations into a legitimizing framework. Au moment de la conquête de la Nouvelle-France, les Britanniques avaient déjà une longue tradition d’achat de terres autochtones. Cette politique, officialisée par la Proclamation royale de 1763, fut appliquée sur une très grande portion du territoire canadien, mais pas dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent, cœur de l’ancien empire français en Amérique, ni dans l’actuelle province de Québec. Les Britanniques et le gouvernement canadien à leur suite ont adopté une politique d’appropriation territoriale unilatérale dans cette région, dépossédant les Autochtones sans s’appuyer sur quelque système de traités. Cette particularité de la politique relative aux terres indiennes au Québec a donné naissance à des interprétations divergentes qui reposent sur la même prémisse implicite voulant qu’un cadre juridique structurant ait existé, lequel, lorsque reconstitué, donne sens au passé, soit en légitimant le processus de dépossession unilatérale, soit en le stigmatisant. Cet article tente de situer le processus de dépossession des terres autochtones en dehors du cadre normatif imposé par le droit. Il n’entend pas mettre à jour une norme expliquant pourquoi les Britanniques n’ont pas conclu de traités, mais plutôt suivre un processus de normalisation juridique dans lequel la pratique coloniale est inscrite à coup d’essais et d’erreurs, de détours, de redéfinitions et d’improvisations dans un cadre théorique qui lui donne une légitimité."""
Desde una perspectiva analítica de orden sociocultural, este material aborda las formas simbólicas de la narcocultura relacionadas con el mito del Chapo Guzmán, materializadas en las marchas a su favor después de su reaprehensión; así como en los pertrechos simbólicos, en tanto instrumentos que comunican. Mediante el Modelo de análisis para los intercambios estéticos se explica la enunciación de la vestimenta, las mantas y pancartas, y los cuerpos que las portan; los hallazgos evidencian un vacío de autoridad, un Estado omiso. Al documentar los resultados, se tendrán condiciones para construir conocimiento en una articulación entre la cultura y la política, en tanto son campos de las ciencias sociales.
1 INTRODUCTION A self-supporting church or institution requires its members to contribute for its development and survival. At any instance, if the church at any locality wants to be molded by a self-supporting spirit, its internal sources of finance should be sufficient to run all its operations. This brings the need for the church to know the ability and a possibility of being supported and financed by its members. This book has been prompted by the fact that many catholic dioceses rely on contributions from the Christians as their source of finance for running their operations. The issue at stake is that, it has been realized that some dioceses do not make scientific studies about knowing exactly the contribution made by this source of finance to the gross revenues obtained within a financial year.
VIEWPOINT
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 3.7 calls on countries to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including for family planning, information and education by 2030. 1 Worldwide, there are more than two billion Muslims who mostly live in Arab, Middle East and South East Asia countries. 2 Rapid population growth observed in many Muslim countries, most of which fall within the category of developing countries, presents an obstacle to achieving the SDGs. 3 Globally, evidence points out to religious conservatism as one of the reasons for pushing population and family planning off the policy agenda. 4,5 Islam and contraception are perceived as incompatible by some religious scholars who claim that Islam calls for a Muslim population that does not stop growing because the larger the population the greater the power of this population, and that any form of contraception violates God's intentions. These claims are further compounded by a cultural belief that contraception is a Western agenda that aims at curtailing the growth and strength of the Muslim world. 6,7 In contrast, other religious scholars have sanctioned contraception. Their stand was based on two principles. One is the principle of planning; Islam is a religion that underscores the importance of planning in all individual and societal affairs, let alone planning a family which is highly valued in Islam being the unit of the community. The second is the principle of "permissibility", that is, in Islam everything is permitted unless explicitly designated otherwise in the Quran (Muslims Holy Book) or in the Prophet's tradition (Sunnah). There is no verse in the Quran which forbids the husband or wife to space or reduce the number of pregnancies according to their physical, economic, or cultural abilities. Concurrently, the companions of the Prophet were allowed to practice withdrawal or coitus interruptus which was the traditional way to prevent pregnancy at that time. Withdrawal was used to prevent social, economic or health risks (which need not be lifethreatening), in addition to preservation of the woman's appearance.
Islamic scholars deducted by analogous reasoning that modern methods of contraception can be allowed as long as they will not destroy fertility. 6,[8][9][10] They also clarified that Islam advocates the perpetuation of the nation based on quality rather than quantity. Consequently, they adopted a positive attitude towards the practice of contraception within the context of marriage and family to enable the couple to raise healthy, educated, useful and well-behaved children. 6,10 This positive Islamic attitude towards contraception is not clearly communicated to all Muslims. The gap between Muslims and their doctrine regarding contraception is attributed to propagating Islam as pronatalist especially among grassroots. 11,12 Given the impact contraception could have on sustainable development in Muslim countries with limited resources, the permissive Islamic teachings on contraception should be promoted.
The promotion of Islamic teachings on contraception among Muslims depends to a great extent on the religious leaders specially in communities where their opinions have a significant influence on individuals' reproductive decisions. Accordingly, efforts should be made to enrol selected religious leaders, according to preset criteria, in training courses provided by religious scholars and contraception technical experts. The focus of these training courses should be to raise their awareness on Islamic teachings on contraception and the associated health, social and economic benefits in addition to the modern methods of contraception. Religious leaders should also be trained to adequately address the misinterpretations and questions of religious acceptability at the grassroots. During the training courses, each participant should develop their own 6-month action plan for delivering the information learned, through Friday sermons, religious lessons or counselling sessions. These sessions should be assessed, according to preset criteria, before the participant receive the training course final certificate. Religious institutions, with the majority of their staff trained, could then serve as centres of excellence to provide Islam and contraception trainings, develop and disseminate sermon guides, theology-based advocacy materials and religious guides on contraception.
To safeguard against potential backfire by religious fundamentalists, entities providing contraception-related services in Muslim communities should involve the trained religious leaders in their activities, emphasise that their services are provided in the context of marriage and family and collaborate with community leaders to select the most culturally appropriate ways to outreach men and women in different communities.
FUNDING
The author did not receive any funding for developing this viewpoint.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
The author developed the view point, had full access for the data and the final responsibility to submit for publication.
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