Immunohistochemical SATB2 Expression in Breast Carcinomas

PAFMJ, 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of SATB2 in detecting CRC origin for patients presenting with metastatic carcinomas. Study Design: Cross sectional, comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from January 2019 to June 2019. Materials and Methods: Already diagnosed 68 cases of metastatic carcinoma of various origins with unknown primary were retrieved from tumour registry. Paraffin embedded blocks were taken and a panel of Immunohistochemistry was applied which includes CK7, CK20,CDX2 and SATB2. Positivity of SATB2 alone, and combination of SATB2 with CK 7,CK20 and CDX2 was evaluated. Results: Out of 68 metastatic adenocarcinoma cases 28(41%) had positive SATB2 expression and 38 (56%) were negative. All the positive SATB2 cases had 100 % (28/28) expression with CDX2, 93% (26/28) of the cases had expression with CK20 and 21% (6/28) of th...

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2(SATB2) is a peculiar marker in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), SATB2 has been employed as a colorectal differentiation marker with the potential to be useful in distinguishing the origin of adenocarcinomas of unknown primary origin. Also SATB2 inhibit colorectal cancer progression and low expression of SATB2 protein has been associated with low survival outcome. The aim of the study was to assess the SATB2 immunohistochemical expression in CRC, and association with several clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemical staining for SATB2 was done on 70 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma that underwent colectomy. Their expressions were analysed as negative, intermediate and strong then correlated to clinico-pathological parameters in an attempt to obtain the most significant predictors of SATB2. SATB2 score was negative in 30 %of the cases, intermediate in 54.3% and strong in 15.7%. Strong SATB2 expression was significantly associated with a low tumor histological grade (P = 0.007), a low tumor invasiveness stage (P = 0.001), the absence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), the absence of detected distant metastasis (P = 0.039), a low TNM stage (P = 0.001), a low modified Dukes stage (P = 0.001), the absence of lympho-vascular invasion (P value 0.001) and the absence of perineural invasion (P = 0.001).A High rate of SATB2 expression was associated with left colon tumors and adenocarcinoma histological type, but without a statistically significant correlation. In the cases analyzed, there was no significant association between SATB2 expression and age, sex, or tumor size. Strong SATB2 expression is associated with the accepted clinicopathological parameters favoring good prognosis in the colorectal cancer and may represent a potential therapeutic target.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 2014

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a nuclear matrix protein which interacts with specific regions of DNA, ensuring its proper organization and function in the cell. The expression of SATB1 was primarily found in thymocytes, but its increased levels were observed in various types of cancers. However, the knowledge of the function and application possibilities of this protein is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SATB1 protein using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray (TMA) technique and determine its possible relationship with the proliferative marker Ki-67, estrogen a (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors as well as grade of histological malignancy (G). The study was performed on material of 48 archival invasive ductal breast cancers (IDC). The TMAs were prepared with the use of 0.6 mm diameter punches. Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out using antibodies against Ki-67, ER, PR and SATB1 proteins. The intensity of the nuclear reaction was evaluated using a light microscope and computer-assisted image analysis. Expression of Ki-67 and SATB1 protein was observed in 89.58% and 31.25% of cancer cases, respectively. 62.5% of tumors were classified as ER-positive, and 47.92% as PR-positive. Statistical analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between Ki-67 and SATB1 expression (r = 0.291, p = 0.045 independently on the receptor status, and r = 0.392, p = 0.032 in ER-negative tumors). The expression of the Ki-67 antigen increased with higher grade of histological malignancy (G). The results suggest that SATB1 protein may play an indirect role in the cell proliferation and should be evaluated in relation to the other markers. Further studies concerning determination of its role in cancer progression and metastasis, in terms of application as therapeutic target and prognostic marker, are recommended.

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2011

The special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor and epigenetic regulator, was identified as a tissue type-specific protein when screening protein expression patterns in human normal and cancer tissues using an antibody-based proteomics approach. In this respect, the SATB2 protein shows a selective pattern of expression and, within cells of epithelial lineages, SATB2 expression is restricted to glandular cells lining the lower gastrointestinal tract. The expression of SATB2 protein is primarily preserved in cancer cells of colorectal origin, indicating that SATB2 could function as a clinically useful diagnostic marker to distinguish colorectal cancer (CRC) from other types of cancer. The aim of this study was to further explore and validate the specific expression pattern of SATB2 as a clinical biomarker and to compare SATB2 with the well-known cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the extent of SATB2 expression in tissue microarrays with tumors from 9 independent cohorts of patients with primary and metastatic CRCs (n = 1882). Our results show that SATB2 is a sensitive and highly specific marker for CRC with distinct positivity in 85% of all CRCs, and that SATB2 and/or CK20 was positive in 97% of CRCs. In conclusion, the specific expression of SATB2 in a large majority of CRCs suggests that SATB2 can be used as an important complementary tool for the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown primary origin.

Cancer Cell International, 2009

Background SATB1 is a nuclear protein that has been recently reported to be a 'genome organizer' which delineates specific epigenetic modifications at target gene loci, directly up-regulating metastasis-associated genes while down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. In this study, the level of mRNA expression of SATB1 and SATB2 were assessed in normal and malignant breast tissue in a cohort of women with breast cancer and correlated to conventional clinico-pathological parameters. Materials and methods Breast cancer tissues (n = 115) and normal background tissues (n = 31) were collected immediately after excision during surgery. Following RNA extraction, reverse transcription was carried out and transcript levels were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and normalized against β-actin expression. Transcript levels within the breast cancer specimens were compared to the normal background tissues and analyzed against TNM stage, nodal involvement, tumour grade and clinica...

BACKGROUND: Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a novel diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer (CRC), and loss of SATB2 has been linked to poor survival from the disease. In this study, we validated the prognostic ability of SATB2 expression in a large, prospective CRC cohort. METHODS: Immunohistochemical SATB2 expression was assessed in 527 incident CRC cases from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Kaplan -Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to explore the impact of SATB2 expression on cancerspecific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: High SATB2 expression was associated with a prolonged CSS in the full cohort (hazard ratio (HR) ¼ 0.61; 95% CI 0.41 -0.92) and in colon cancer (HR ¼ 0.39; 95% CI 0.20 -0.75), remaining significant in multivariable analysis of colon cancer (HR ¼ 0.49; 95% CI 0.25 -0.96), with similar findings for OS. In curatively resected stage III-IV patients, a significant benefit from adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy was observed for SATB2 high tumours (P interaction ¼ 0.037 for OS) and high SATB2 expression in rectal cancer correlated with an enhanced effect of neoadjuvant therapy (P interaction ¼ 0.033 for OS). CONCLUSION: High SATB2 expression is an independent marker of good prognosis in colon cancer and may modulate sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation.

Cancer Letters, 1991

American journal of clinical pathology, 2018

Small sample size limits the number of immunostains that may be attempted in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) biopsy specimens. We investigated the utility of dual stain with special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2) or caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) or villin in identifying CRC. Tissue microarrays with 222 CRCs and 375 other carcinomas were built. Dual stain was performed pairing nuclear stains CDX2 or SATB2 with CK20 or villin. All four single stains showed excellent sensitivity (93%-99%) but variable specificity (56%-88%) for CRC. All four dual stains also showed excellent sensitivity (90%-96%) while much improved specificity (88%-98%) compared with single stains. SATB2 dual stain (with CK20 or villin) showed a higher specificity than CDX2 dual stain (with CK20 or villin) with a comparable sensitivity. SATB2 dual stain shows the greatest potential clinical utility in identifying CRC and is superior to CDX2 dual stain. More important, SATB2 dual stain c...

Cancers

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a transcription factor expressed by colonic cryptic epithelium and epithelial neoplasms of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as well as by small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs), though at a lower rate. Nevertheless, up to now, only small SBA series, often including a very limited number of Crohn’s disease-associated SBAs (CrD-SBAs) and celiac disease-associated SBAs (CD-SBA), have been investigated for SATB2 expression. We evaluated the expression of SATB2 and other GI phenotypic markers (cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK20, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)), as well as mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, in 100 SBAs, encompassing 34 CrD-SBAs, 28 CD-SBAs and 38 sporadic cases (Spo-SBAs). Any mutual association and correlation with other clinico-pathologic features, including patient prognosis, were searched. Twenty (20%) SATB2-positive SBAs (4 CrD-SBAs, 7 CD-SBAs and 9 Spo-SBAs) were identified. The p...

Acta Oncologica, 2019

Metastatic colorectal carcinomas with high SATB2 expression are associated with better prognosis and response to chemotherapy: a population-based Scandinavian study, Acta Oncologica,