Design, Analysis and Simulation of Halo System
Mr. Rohit Jadhav2022, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
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Abstract: The Federation Internationale de L’Autobile (FIA) has been working on improving safety of drivers in open wheel racing series. Numerous incidents caused serious impacts on drivers’ lives. The car-to-car collision, car to environment collision and injuries due to flying debris are common threats to these drivers. In 2016 the introduction of Halo surrounding the cockpit was appreciated by the FIA. The following study includes the design and analysis of this Halo system using FEA. The designing is carried out using Onshape 3D modelling software and its dynamic, static and modal analysis is done with the help of Simscale software. The results showed the values under permissible levels. Keywords: Halo system, F1 Racing Halo, Crash analysis, Simulation of Halo, Head Protection in F1 race, Drivers safety system.
Related papers
Finite Element Analysis of F1 Halo Safety Structure
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2021
The Federation Internationale de L'Autobile (FIA) has been working on improving safety of drivers in open wheel racing series. Numerous incidents caused serious impacts on drivers' lives. The car-to-car collision, car to environment collision and injuries due to flying debris are common threats to these drivers. In 2016 the introduction of Halo surrounding the cockpit was appreciated by the FIA. The following study includes the analysis of this Halo system using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The dynamic, static and modal analysis is carried out with the help of Simscale software and the results obtained showed the values under permissible levels.
Modal and Explicit Analysis of Formula 1 Halo
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022
Formula 1 cars are one of the finest track machines, they can travel at speeds up to 375 km/h, at such speed the car may lose traction or due to any other conditions there can be prospects of a crash. To protect the driver from such highspeed crashes, head protection Halo devices can be used to protect the upper portion of the driver which includes the head, neck, and thorax. In this study, a Halo device which is an official Formula 1 safety device is studied and numerous analyses are performed on it. Furthermore, a Halo design is structured and modeled in SolidWorks by taking the best material suitable for the Halo device. The analysis is performed on the ANSYS software where all the results are evaluated, by performing Explicit Dynamics analysis, Modal Analysis, and Static structural analysis after positive results are gained from the analysis, it was concluded that Titanium of Grade 5 was the best suitable material for the Halo device.
Effect of Halo Protection Device on the Aerodynamic Performance of Formula Racecar
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, 2020
This paper explores the aerodynamics of the formula racecar when a 'halo' driver-protection device is added to the chassis. The halo protection device was introduced at the start of the 2018 racing season as a safety measure against foreign object impacts that a driver may encounter when driving an open-wheel racecar. In the one-year since its introduction, the device has received wide acclaim for protecting the driver on two separate occasions. The benefit of such a safety device certainly cannot be disputed. However, by adding the halo device to a car, it changes the airflow around the vehicle, and most notably, to the engine air-intake and the rear wing. These negative effects in the air supply to the engine, and equally to the downforce created by the rear wing are studied in this paper using numerical technique, and the resulting CFD outputs are presented and discussed. Comparing racecar design prior to and after the introduction of the halo device, it is shown that the design of the air intake and the rear wing has not followed suit since the addition of the halo device. The reduction of engine intake mass flow due to the halo device is computed and presented for various speeds the car may be going. Because of the location of the halo device in relation to the air intake, airflow is directed away from the engine, making the engine perform less than optimal. The reduction is quantified in this paper to show the correspondence to reduce the engine output when compared to a similar car without the halo device. This paper shows that through aerodynamic arguments, the engine in a halo car will not receive unobstructed, clean airflow that a non-halo car does. Another negative effect is on the downforce created by the rear wing. Because the amount of downforce created by the rear wing is influenced by every component that comes before it, when a halo device is added upstream to the rear wing, airflow is obstructed, and less is available for making downforce. This reduction in downforce is especially dramatic as the speed is increased. This paper presents a graph of downforce over a range of speeds for a car with and without the halo device. Acknowledging that although driver safety is paramount, the negative effect of this safety device on the performance of the car should still be well understood so that any possible redesign to mitigate these negative effects can be taken into account in next year's rules regulation.
IRJET- Study and Analysis of a Designed F1 Halo Safety System According to FIA
IRJET, 2021
In this study a deep research on Halo safety device is carried out to get a sound knowledge of it. After getting to know various aspects like design, strength, weight, compact, etc. which are considered to make a Halo a CAD model of Halo is made on a CAD tool/software Onshape. The design also contains aero wing considering aerodynamics point of view on the top of the Halo. This made halo is then Imported to an analysis tool to carry out three various type of analysis to validate the made geometry and assigned material if it is safe and good option to fit in a F1 race car. Material assigned for the Halo is Grade 5 Titanium which weighs approx. 7 Kgs. Three carried out analysis are static analysis on the u-tube and Vtransition, modal/frequency analysis after applying three fixed support as a boundary conditions and dynamic analysis by colliding the Halo to a concrete wall from a particular distance at 200 Kmph. Got the results of static analysis with max 18 mm displacement for force on u-tube and max 19.5 mm displacement in v-transition, for modal/frequency analysis calculated 20 modes with max 16.6 mm displacement and for dynamic analysis got a max displacement of 1.25 mm. the found out results are within the yield strength of the Grade 5 Titanium validating the made Halo is safe to use real life application.
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I
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40054
January 2022
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue I Jan 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com
Design, Analysis and Simulation of Halo
System
Rohit Jadhav
Undergraduate from University of wolverhampton
Abstract: The Federation Internationale de L’Autobile (FIA) has been working on improving safety of drivers in open wheel
racing series. Numerous incidents caused serious impacts on drivers’ lives. The car-to-car collision, car to environment collision
and injuries due to flying debris are common threats to these drivers. In 2016 the introduction of Halo surrounding the cockpit
was appreciated by the FIA. The following study includes the design and analysis of this Halo system using FEA. The designing
is carried out using Onshape 3D modelling software and its dynamic, static and modal analysis is done with the help of Simscale
software. The results showed the values under permissible levels.
Keywords: Halo system, F1 Racing Halo, Crash analysis, Simulation of Halo, Head Protection in F1 race, Drivers safety system.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Safety is paramount in motorsports. For years’ motorsport has had serious incidents affecting the drivers. The FIA had no choice but
to strive to minimize the risk of drivers’ lives. The engineers came up with a solution with the Halo concept. It got its name from its
resemblance to angel’s Halo. Halo safety system protects the driver’s head from external injuries. Without a halo, the driver’s head
is exposed to external flying debris which could be fatal in some incidents.
Halo is designed for open-wheel racing series vehicles. It is a curved bar placed around the driver’s cockpit. It is connected to the
vehicle frame via three points.
There are three parts of Halo,
1) the front middle section called as ‘V transition’,
2) the tube around the cockpit and
3) rear mounts. The design provides the teams 20 mm area of freedom for other modifications. The tests of the halo design were
carried out in 2016 and 2017 and the FIA made it mandatory on every vehicle from the open-wheel racing series in 2018.
The tests of FIA for Halo consists of three types –
a) collision between two vehicles,
b) contact between a vehicle and the surrounding environment, and
c) collisions with vehicles and debris.
A test known as the chassis homologation test is carried out by applying loads from different positions on Halo. In the test, a 116kN
of force is applied on top of the Halo and expected to withstand the force for at least 5 seconds. It must withstand longitudinal forces
of 46kN and 83kN on the front. aside lateral force of 93kN is applied. The Halo has to withstand 125kN of force from above for 5
seconds without failure of any components and also from the side it should withstand the same. The Halo is made from Titanium
and weighs around 7 kg. Unlike manufacturing the vehicle parts and other components by the teams, Halo is chosen by the FIA to
be manufactured by three external manufacturers, which are CC Autosport, SS Tube Technology, and V system. Adding Halo adds
different challenges for teams such as weight challenge, aerodynamic challenge, structural challenge, etc. In the studies of FIA, it
was found that the addition of a halo would protect the driver 17% of the time than 0% without a halo.
The material used for the manufacturing of Halo under the regulations of FIA is Ti6Al4V Grade 5, a Titanium alloy. This material is
used in aerospace engineering due to its high strength and stiffness yet low-density characteristics. The material has excellent
corrosion resistance and is heat treatable in sections up to 25mm. The mechanical properties of this material are given below in the
tabular form.
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue I Jan 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com
II.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The FIA reviewed three basic scenarios over the course of its development: collision between two cars, impact between the vehicle
and the atmosphere (e.g. barriers), and car and debris collisions. Halo-system tests have demonstrated that the chance of driver
injuries will dramatically be reduced. In certain situations, when testing for several previously existing injuries, the device was able
to prevent a helmet from contacting the shield. The FIA reviewed three basic scenarios over the course of its development: collision
between two cars, impact between the vehicle and the atmosphere (e.g. barriers), and car and debris collisions.
Figure 1 (How halo save driver’s head during crash)
Figure 2[Design of halo]
Halo-system tests have demonstrated that the chance of driver injuries will dramatically be reduced. In certain situations, when
testing for some previously existing injuries, the device was able to prevent a helmet from contacting the shield. During the last case
study, it was observed that the halo could deflect large objects and provide more protection from smaller waste.
The Dallara F2 2018 was launched in August 2017 and the new Formula 2 car was the first to install the halo system. In January
2018, the SRT05e Formula E had a halo. The FIA Formula 3 car was also installed by the halo in November 2018 and was unveiled
in Abu Dhabi.
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue I Jan 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com
III.
DEFINITION
The HALO is a driver crash protection system that is used in Formula racing cars, it is a curved bar placed around the driver’s head
to protect the driver's head during a race crash.
IV.
LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] The Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile recently mandated the use of the halo frontal cockpit protection system to
mitigate the risk of impact to the driver’s head. Here we describe the effect of a halo-type structure on the neck muscle activity of
one of the authors, who is a national-level amateur racing driver, during a full qualifying session. We found that the workload of
sternocleidomastoid increased and the workload of cervical erector spinae decreased with the halo fitted which is indicative of a
forward head position. Left sternocleidomastoid and right cervical erector spinae fatigued more rapidly; whereas, left cervical
erector spinae fatigued more slowly. There was no change in the rate of fatigue of right sternocleidomastoid. In combination with a
forward head position, this suggests an increase in lateral flexion during head rotation which may affect accuracy of navigation.
Thus, drivers may need to be trained to adapt to the halo to mitigate the effects on head position and movement.
V.
OBJECTIVES
Design, Halo system analysis and simulation to determine the impact of a crash during a race on Halo. Multiple analyses of various
regions of the halo will be performed in order to understand the halo's status under different circumstances.
VI.
METHODOLOGY
This study was conducted to better understanding of halo system’s architecture, Function and interpretation. Using Onshape 3D
software a 3D model for FEA is developed with tools like line, arc and features such as extrude.
Figure 3(Proposed Design of Halo)
The input values needed for FEA are calculated and noted. The model is then imported in Simscale software. Then Several analyses
done on halo.
1) Model analysis
2) Dynamic analysis
3) Static analysis
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
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A. Frequency Analysis
a modal analysis is carried out. Modal analysis helps identify natural frequencies and modal shape of the system. It also helps in
predicting dynamic behaviours of a system. The Halo set for modal analysis provided the maximum displacement magnitude.
First of all imported Halo geometry into simscale from Onshape. Then selected material according to research i.e Titanium.
Select Material behavior as linear elastic, (E) young’s Modulus=114000000000 Pa, Poissons ratio (V)= 0.33 and density= 4500
Kg/m3 then select Halo geometry in assigned volume.
Figure 4
After that select fixed support for germetry
Figure 5 (Fixed Support of Halo During Simulation)
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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B. Numerics
Filled all data shown in below image.
Figure 6
C. Meshing Process
After putting all data according to research design is ready for simulation but before that we have to mesh design.
Figure 7 (Design After Meshing)
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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D. Result of Displacement Magnitude
Figure 8 (Displacement Magnitude)
E. Dynamic Analysis
After that, a Dynamic review is carried out. When a body is exposed to a certain acceleration or deceleration and the load varies
quickly, dynamic analysis comes into play. Inertial forces will be present, and complex analysis will be needed to catch their results.
A 1m wall is placed between the Halo and the wall for this analysis. The wall was made of concrete, and Halo was made of the
same material. The halo is then given a 60m/s velocity against the wall. The outcomes are shown below.
F. Physical Contact between Halo and wall
In this analysis we are testing Halo during collision with wall. This will shows us how it will react in crash.
Figure 9 (Physical Contact between Halo and wall)
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue I Jan 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com
G. Material Selection
Titanium is the Material selected for halo during simulation and concret for wall
Figure 10(Material Selection for Halo= Titanium)
H. Result of Dynamic Analysis
Figure 11(Dynamic Analysis Result)
1) Static Analysis 1
In Static analysis forced was applied on different sides of halo.
In this result force was applied in front on halo.
Figure 12 (Displacement Magnitude of Static Analysis 1)
Figure 13(Von Mises Stress of Static Analysis 1)
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue I Jan 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com
2) Static Analysis 2
Forced is applied on side of halo
Figure 14 (Displacement Magnitude of Static Analysis 2)
Figure 15 (Von Mises Stress of Static Analysis 2)
VII.
DETAILED RESULT DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Three different techniques were used to model and analyze the proposed halo safety device architecture. Simscale was used to
analyze the FEA model, which was developed in Onshape. The static, dynamic, and modal analysis results are all satisfactory. As a
result, draw the conclusion that the proposed design can be used anywhere it is needed.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
"Canoe," 21 03 2021. [Online]. Available: https://canoe.com/sports/auto-racing/i-was-lucky-charles-leclercs-halo-saved-him-in-frightening-belgian-gp-crash.
"News18," 18 03 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.news18.com/news/sports/what-is-the-halo-system-in-f1-that-saved-romain-grosjeans-in-horrificcrash-at-bahrain-gp-3130982.html.
S. M. Rosalie and J. M. Malone, “Effect of a halo-type structure on neck muscle activation of an open-cockpit race car driver training under qualifying
conditions,” Case Reports, vol. 2018, p. bcr, May 2018, doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-224013.
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