A Hoard Of Byzantine Solidi From Hurvat Kab

2r1 A HoardOf BvzantineSolidi From Hurvat Kab DANNY SYON In May 1991 a salvageexcavationwas conductedat Hurvat Kab, near Karmiel in the lower Galilee, prior to the constructionof a road through the site.'Partofa Byzantine-periodfarmhousewasexcavated.The cleaningof a courtyard (L22) exposed its floor, built of faidy large limestoneflagstoneswith gapsof varying widths between them. In one of thesegaps,at a depth of c. 20 cm., my metal detectorindicateda 'target.'In the subsequent digging, a large pottery oil lamp was found (accidentally broken in two), containing50 gold solidi (P1.23:A).The lamp was stopperedby a piece of a ceramic sherdfiled to fit the opening of the lamp. There is little doubt that the hoard was deliberately concealedunder the floor of the courtyard. In the following discussionandcataloguethe conventionsandclassifications containedin DOC2'?have been adopted, unless otherwise noted. A reference to MIB3 has been included for convenience;in general,there is agreementbetweenthesetwo major referenceworks on the periodconcemed. Chronology The hoard representsa faidy completecrosssectionofthe solidi types minted between 603 and 663 C.8., from early in the reign of Phocastill close to the end of the reign of ConstansIL The very short reigns of Heraclius Constantineand Heraclonasare not represented.The number of coins from eachreign is as follows: Phocas 6 Heraclius 22 ConstansII 22 The latestcoins of Heracliusin the hoard, and all those of ConstansII, postdate I The excavationwas directedby Y Gurin-Rosenand E.J. Stem on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority,permit No. 1795.I would like to thankD.T. Ariel (coin departmenr,IAA)and R.L. Hohlfelder (University of Colorado in Boulder) for their helpful comments on this manuscript. A short preliminary reportappearedin Ercdvationsand Sunels in Istuel 6 (1994),pp.l1 -18. , A. Bellinger and P Gnerson, eds].Catalogue of the Btzpntine Coins in the Dumbanon Oak Collection and in the WhittemoreColledion, Washington,D.C., 1968 (henceforth DOC2). 3 W. HahxxMonetaImperii BW tini1:Vo AnastusiusI. bis Justinianusl. (491-565), Wien, 1973. 2I2 DANNYSYON postthe Moslem conquestof Palestine'thus considerablyexpandingthe corpusof present hoard is (and The seebelow) conquestByzantinesolidi found in the region excavation,so that also one of the very few uncoveredin a controlledarchaeological The earliest and tampering. provenance regarding doubts there are none of the usual nanower trme C E a 607 603 and ; between minted typeis PhocasclassIIIa, which was cE to 661-663 vI, dating fiame cannotbe fixed.4The latesttypeis ConstansII class This,combinedwiththeconditionofthecoins(seebelow),enablesustoconfidently datethedepositionofthehoardtonolaterthanayearortwoafterthemintingof the last type, i.e. between662 and665 c.E. The majority of typesin the hoard were sruck at a time when Palestinewas under non-Byzantinerule: classII of Heraclius during the Sassanianinvasionof 614-629 C.E' and classIV (certainly IvB) and all those of ConstansII after the Moslem conquest. MINT firm On Byzantinecopper-alloycoins the inscriptionCON in the exergueallows a The gold coinage' attribution to Constantinople;the same,however,is not true for the few other mints that struck gold in the seventh century besides Constantinople all usedcoNoB. or a variation thereof, in the exergue,making attribution basedonly on 'mint name' impossible for gold, and stylistic and other considerations must be the employed. in the present hoard can be firmly attributed to the royal mint of Itt'ttt" "oint coins Constantinople, based on a comparison of the style and the details of the withsimilarclassesofcoinsofknownmintattribution.Themintsatcarthage very and Ravenna were active throughout the relevant period but these have a The capital'5 distinct style and cannot normally be confused with issues of the Alexanrlrianmint,strikinggoldforHeraclius,hasastyleandfabricsimilartothose carthage,6while the solidi of theThessalonicanrnint, striking for Phocasand Heraclius, of and Rolme,striking for constans II, are similar to the solidi of Ravenna. Those ? stylistically only Phocas from Thessalonicabear additional identifying letters The minting for ConstansII' However' a comp: rson similarcoins arethoseof Syracuse, of the distinctive features of the Syracusan solidi (certain letters in the reverse field and following the inscription)sshowsthat nonein the presenthoardmatchesthose the of Syracuse.Furthermore,Syracusansolidi are practically unknown in hoardsfrom Levant. 4 P Grierson: solidi of Phocasand Hemclius: The chronological Framewolk' Nc l9 (1959)' pp 134-135. 5 P, Grierson:ByzdntineCoins,Londo\ 1982'p.122; DOC 2'p 5l' 6 Grierson,ibid, p. 54. 1 Doc 2,pP. 149,23o. s DOC 2,p.120-121;Grierson1982'p.131. A HOARD OF SOUDI FROM HURVATKAB 213 TIIE TYPF,S Althoughthereareno new typesandall thoseknown havebeenextensivelydescribed in the literature, a brief description follows for the sake of completeness.In general, all the obversesshow the emperorand his son/sonsin various combinations,with an inscriptiondetailingtheir namesandtitles. The reversesshow a religioussymbol, normally a CrossPotenton stepsand a variationof the legendVictoriqAugustorum. The legend CoNoB always appearsin the exergue,and there are various letters and monogramsin the field and following the inscription to indicate year, mint, ofncina and some unknown functions. Phocas.The presenthoard includessubtypesof the last two classesissuedby this emperor,classesIIIa and Iva. Both showthe emperorfacing, with pointedbeardand military dress, wearing a crown and holding a globus cruciger. The reverse on both showsa facingangel,holdingin his right handa long staffendingin a Christogramand in his left a globus cruciger. This angelis the last reincamation of the Roman Victory inthelegend:classIu has 'vIcToRIA AvCc' type.eThedifferencebetweentheclassesis (Victoria Augustorum)whereasclassMas 'VICTORIAAVGV' (Victoria Augusti).It seemsthat Phocashad the legendchanged.from the plural to the singularin 607 c.E ThecoinsofPhocasalsorepresent in order to show categoricallythat he ruled alone.ro the last effort after a long time for arealistic portraitureof theemperor. Heraclius. The coins of Heraclius in the present hoard representthree main classes and five subclasses:class II shows the emperor with a short beard and his son, Heraclius Constantine without a crown but with a cross above his head. Subclass B shows the young son much smaller than his father, and subclass C shows him the same size. Class III differs from class II in that Heraclius has a long beard and Heraclius Constantinewears a crown. Class IV is a departurefrom previous types in that it shows three figures: the emperor in the middle, Heraclius Constantine on the right and younger Heraclonason the left. In subclassA Heraclonaswears a cap with a cross abovehis head and is rather small, and in subclassB he is older and wears a crown. Some coins of class Iv have a letter in the reverse field, which is tentatively usedby Griersonin DOC 2 to date them by indiction year.In his later work (1982) Grierson abandonsthis reading,but Hahn tendsto retum to this interpretation." These datesappearin the cataloguebelow.The reverseon all typesis a CrossPotent.|'? ConstansIL This emperor is representedby five different classes.Class I shows the emperor beardless,in class II with a short beard and in class III witi an enormous beard and mustache. Class IV shows Constans II with a long beard and his son ConstantineIV, both wearing crowns. ClassVI has the sameobverse,but the emperor e Grierson (above, n. 5), p. 35, 10 DOC 2,p.148. rr MlB, (above,n. 3), p, 86. 12 For the dates,seeDOC 2, W.216-217 a d Grierson1982,pp. 88-89, 214 DANNYSYON hasa helmetor plumeover the crown.The reverseof ClassvI showshis two younger sons,Heraclius and Tiberius, flanking a much reducedCross potent,13 Fig. 1 summarizesthe different classesin the presenthoard. Subclassesare shown when warrantedby the numberof coins. Heraclius Phocas rDc2 lIIa IVa IIB(D IIc NI ConstansII IVA IVB I l III ry VI class ?a MIB No. 7 9 ll 2l 29 40, 42 aty. 3 l Dat€s 603 607- (DOC2) 607 610 50 31, 18, 3b 20, 2E 38 22 5 11 2 7 o 625- 629- 632 6374 64t5 6474 65t4 6544 6615 azb 631 637 4l 47 5l 54 59 63 I 6t6-625 16, 45- 5 2 Fig. 1: The different classesin the hoard DENoMITA' oN ANDWEIGHT The weight of the coins in the hoard ranges from 4.32 to 4.Sl grams. DOC 2 states'"that all the standardweight solidi of 24 siliquae minted in Constantinople have no distinguishing marks,asopposedto the lightweight solidi, which bear definite identification marks.As canbe seenin Fig. 2, thecoinsin the hoard,although lacking any of the marks of the lightweight solidi, are much closerasa group to the assumedweight ofa 23 siliquapiece,whichis4.36gr.,thanto thefulI24 siliquasoliduswith an assumed weightof4.55gr. f3 The datesof lhe seriesarc discussedin DOC 2,pp.402-405 andcrierson 1982,pp. 95-96. ta DOC 2,pp.10-16. 2t5 A HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVATKAB o o E zJ.5 E o Doo E El E OE tl o o 4 265 g Phocas d il oooo oo E o Heraclius Bo E E EI E|E g CorstatrsII Fig. 2: The weight distribution of the hoard Four other hoards can be comparedto our hoard: the Rehob hoard,tt the Damascus hoard,16 theAntakyahoardrTandthesecondAydin hoard.rsFig. 3 showsthe weight spread for therelevantemperorsandclassesfor eachof these,but without a breakdownfor each emperor.reNone of thesehoardsmatch the Hurvat Kab hoard exactly, but they arc relevant for comparison. 15 A. Paltiel:A Hoad of ByzantineGold Coinsfiom the City of Rehob,Alor 3 (1969) No.4, pp. 101106 (Hebrw). Paltiel does not give weights for all 27 coins in lhe hoard. For the weights he does list, he does so in indements of the nearest5/100 of a gram, which is at least sufficient for grouping them. His coin No. 21, although included in our table at 4.15 gr., is a lightweight: he gives the exergue as BON, which is quite ulusual. It may be in fact BO|K or arl imitation; lhere is no photogmph of lhe coin. I ilsp€cted the nine coins of this hoard which are kept at the IAA, and matching them to the cataloguein the article is quite difacult! 16 W. E. Metcalf: Thr€ESeventhCentury Byzantine Gold Hoads, ANS MN 25 (1980), pp. 102-108, Pls. tz-13. 17 Metcalf, irid., pp. 9l-101. re P. ftersol: Tlvo Byzantine Coin Hoards, D rtborton oaks Papers 19 (1965), pp. 209-219. This hoad contains solidi up to Heraclius' class Il only. le A sepat"atecalculation for each emperor gives very much the same relations. For the Antakya and Darnascushoards seerelavant tables in Metcalf, (above, n. 16), pp. 96, 107. DANNY SYON 216 Weightgroup(gr.) H. Kab Rehob Damqsclts Antqkya Aydin II 4 4.15,4.20 4.21- 4.25 I 7 4.26 4.30 5 8 I 4.31- 4.35. ll 5 7 7 2 4.36 4.40 l8 I 5 5 3 4.4'l- 4.45 l5 2 27 8 4.46- 4.50 5 1 4 . 5 1 -4 . 5 5 I 6 2 Average wl. 4.40 4.32 4.30 l5 15 4.43 4.44 Fig. 3: Weight groups for the four hoards of the same emperorsand classesas the H. Kab hoard' This comparisonwith hoardsfrom sitesprogressingnorthwardsfrom Israel towards Constantinoplealsoshowsthatthe.normal'solidiinourareatendtobelighter.This and is the caseeven with the issuesof ConstansII, which are very well preserved' Metcalf charges after taking off the half-carat suggestedby Adelson'oas seigniorial pronounced alreadynoied this in his remarkson the Altakya hoard, and it is evenmore offers in the f)amascushoardwith moreConstansII coins available, although Metcalf seeming to this answer the finds' new and no explanation for it.zrPendingfurther study in the reign of anomalymay lie in severalfactors: a deliberateweight reductionalready .lightweights' in ConstansIt. and not under JustinianII, circulation of unmarked for older coinsbeingcirculated longer, thus the Levant22aswell asMorrison',sargument23 coinswere losingweight.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthenotionthatdifferentweight '?4 circulatedfor different malketsis controversial 20 H. Adelson: Lightweight solidi and Byzantine Trade in the sixth and seventh centuries' ANS NNM 138 (1957),New York, P 49 2t Op, cit., (^bove,n l6),P 9'7. 22 Grierson (above, n. 5), p. l0o suggeststhat 23 cafat solidi were cifculated in syria to meet local needs' uD to 615 C.E. at the lowet time ftame of our hoard. 23 C. Monison: k tresor Byzantin de Nikertai' RevueBelSede Nuttlistnatique (19'12) z M. F. Hendy:s'ldid in BlzantineEco omy'cambridge,1985,pp.492-493i^nd contra| J. sfiedr|ey. Lightweight Solidi' in w Hahn SeventhCentury Byzantine Coins in Southem Russia and the Problem of (ANS NS '17)' New York' 1988' Coina|e Gotd and W.E. Metc;f (eds.)t Studiesin Earl! Blzontine A HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVAI KAB 217 MauriceTib€rius €o ""t d,*." c ".r.- Fig. 4. The chronologicalspanof the comparedhoards. Condition. The coins of Phocasare fairly wom, as would be expectedof coins that were in circulation for at least fifty years before they were concealed.Moreover, as Palestinewould Morrison rightly observed,'s older Byzantinecoinsin post-conquest haveundergonea considerable increasein circulationandhandling,to makeup for the greatlyreducedmassofcunencycomingin from Constantinople. Heraclius'coinsshow degree ofwear, and with a few exceptions, the earlier series are morewom,In some some casesa new reversedie wasusedwith an olderobverse,suchasin Nos. 1I,12,22.The coinsofconstansII on the whole show very little wear, and the solidi of ClassvI (Nos.49, 50) appearto be in nearmint condition,exceptfor the reversedie of No. 50 which seemsto be a little worn nearthe top. The conditionof rhis last classhelpsto narow the dateof the deposit(seeabove). 25 Seeabove.n. 23. o. 58. 218 DANNY SYON Die links. A singledie link seemsto exist in the hoard - the obversesof Nos. 25 and 26 in ClassIVB of Heraclius. GRAFFIfi (Pl. 26) Seven coins in the hoard were found to bear graffiti.'?6There is scantliterature on Aramaic the subject,andthe ieasonsfor applying grafflti to coins remainsconjectural.2T graffiti on Ptolemaic coins are known;23severalare mentioned in the British Museum and some graffiti on post-reform Catalogueof Byzantine coins (all from later reigns),'?e dealt with by Berman.3oThe earliest have been gold from Capernaum dinars Umayyad in time from our coins (696/7 very far removed coins from the Capernaumhoardarenot c.E.), and thus the graffrti on both groups may represent a trend or fashion of the time. However, none of the graffiti on our coins match those on the Capemaumcoins. Six of the graffiti are on the reverse,obviously becausethere is more room there, and one is on the obverse.Their placementon the coins doesnot follow any recognizable pafiern. Coin No. 1. The letter N with a bar above (numeral 50?) on the reverse. Coin No. 9. On the reverse:the word AKE, possibly referring to the city of Akko; the letters IB (numeral 12?). Coin No. 12. On the reverse:the lettersIA (numeral11?)or IA (numeral14?);the letters XH or HX. Coin No. 24. the letters [A? K?]NB on the obverse.The reading for the first letter is not certain becauseof additional scratches. Coin No. 25. The lettersKO (numeral29?) on the reverse.Coins 25,26 sharea common obversedie. This might indicate that the graffiti were done shortly after the coins left the mint. Coin No. 26. The letters K@ (numeral 29?) and an X partly over the O on the reverse. Coin No. 47. xIX and an additional unrecognizablescratchon the reverse. UNUSUALFEATURES Coin No. 11.The obverseinscriptionis unusuallycarelessfor this class.The reverse 26 My thanks are due to Cecilia Meir of the Kadman Museum (Tel Aviv), who was the first to notice them. 27 An interesting article touch€s on the subje.t, claiming mainly religious reasons for graffiti, see H Holzer: Christian and Se.ular Graffiti on Late Roman and Byzantine Gold Pieces,N,mirzutic Review 2 (19,14)No. I, pp. 33-47. 2s C. C. Torrey: Aramaic Grafhti on Coins of Demanhur,ArVSNMM 77 (1937)' New York' 2e w. Wroth: Imperial ByzantineCoins in the British Museum,London, 1908,pp. 352' 556, 560-561' 600. 30 A. Berman:Sgraffiti', in Tz leis et aI , Excarationsat Capenium l: 1978-1982,lndi^na' 1989,pp' 181-184. A HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVAI KAB 219 seemsto be struck from a new die, showing a smaller and more delicate Cross Potent than usual. Coin No. 17. The letterI in the reversefield right was deliberatelyeffaced.This is classIvA of Heraclius,in which either a @or an I is alwayspresenti1t the reverse field at right. Coin No. 26. The crosson Heraclius'globuscrucigeris attachedto the side of the globe,ratherthan to its top. Coin No. 49. The reverseis doublestruck. CoNcLUSroNs The excavatorsdate the floor of room 22 to phaseIII - the late Byzantine period (midseventhcentury C.E.); the hoard, consequendy,belongs to the samephase. PhaseIV consistedof a very poor setdementabovethe ruins of phaseIII, which clearly did not reach down to the stonefloor itself. Traces of a great fue, which put an end to the phaseIII setdement,were evident all over the farm complex at Hurvat Kab. We may assumethat the hoard was buried in anticipation of some violent action, yet it is not possible to view the conflagration and subsequentdestruction as an action of the conquering Arab armies. The episode was probably one of a local or regional nature, occuring at least some 23 years after the conquest.3rThe hoardreinforcesthe eyidencewe haveon Byzantine gold circulating in Palestineafter the Arab conquestas the only gold currency before 'Abd al Malik's monetaryreformin696C.E. It provides anotherclue to what appearsto be a deliberate supply by the Byzantine empire of lighter weight solidi to the Levant both before and after the conquest. CArALocuE(Pls.23-26) The catalogueis ananged by emperor,DOC 2 classand date. All axes are 6 o'clock. The headingsare as follows: Ex: In exergue,after coNoB. OFF: Offlcina. Parallels:From hoardsdiscussedin the text: A2 - Aydrn2, D - Damascus, R - Rehob DOC: The parallelfrom DOC 2 MlB: The referencefrom MIB 3r For the type of lamp which contained the hoard see S. Hadad'. The OiI lamps from the Hebrew Untuersity Excavations at Bet Shaan(Qe&mReports 4), Jerusalem,2002, pp. 78, 80-82, type 35. 220 DANNY SYON Refs. Reverse gF z Gr. Variantson Obverse Ex. Vadants VICTORI-A AVCC followed bY ONFOCASPE RPAVC officin& Facingbusl wearhg Arc€l facinq.in r. cuiEss, paludam€ntum, ton-g.t"ff .n;ing u,ithf: crown with crcss. In r. handglobusctuciger in l. globuscruciger. In ex. CONOB I Illegibleoflicina 3 2 I 4.38 Carelessdie SNFocAS P€ RPAVC Sarne tt?e 4 2 l 4.37 P€ RPAV. N-rev. D: A2 ) c victoriaAvt P follow€dby ofticina. Sametlp€ A insteadof A ddNN h€ RACLIqS E T h€ RA CONSTPPAV To l. bustofHeraclius, faoing,l{ith shortbeard, chlamysand crown with cross.To right smallbust of HeraoliusConstantine beardless.Above, cross. A2 7-8 fD 7 607-609 A2 l0i 9 A2 l0e VictoriaAVf P followed by offioina HeracliusClassIB(f) CrcssPolent on baseand threesteps. I 8 20 4.44 € II R; A2 l3d l l c. 616- AKE; a5 IB- 9 20 4.39 Ainsteadof A As above,but Heraclius Constantinelarger. ddN-ACLlqA € T l l 20 4.36 h€ RA CONIT PPAV 5 A2 l0€ 9 € 7 20 4.42 l 0 20 4.41 { insteadofA 7 classIva Phooas e o 22 4.32 6 2 l 4.35 ,| 603-607 B A kls 6l> o PhocasClass[Ia f 22 4.40 2 2 l 4.34 I Field off. LI R B Salne Newdi€ D l3t A2 l3h ll Class[C(m) Heraclius c.625629 20e 2 l r 221 A HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVAI KAB Refs. Revers€ z NE Gr. Variantson Obverse Ex. Field L ,4sabove.Ileraclius rvithlongbeard, with ll. Constantine shortbeard. c.632635 fi o s 635/6 22 4.4J l 5 2 l 4.40 Heraclonas slightly { larger I 6 20 4.45 Same 'I 1 I Same D TI I ktt€r I filed off Same,but Heraclonas wears crownwith cross. I9 4.47 + z l 20 4.43 22 20 4.40 2 l 4.19 AVAr.l garbledinscr. 24 20 4.34 Samedie asNo.25 Ainstead of A 20 4 . 1 5 Samedie asNo.24 2l Y9; damaged 39 39 D 34 40 36b 36d 42 A HeracliusClasslvB TI 20 20 4.49 29 636t1 Sarne l 8 20 4 . 3 8 c.629lA; H) 631 D T\ D n H 4.42 t 7 20 El: HeracliusClassIVA Sam€ instead ofA d: l leraclius Classlll(al B No irscriplion.ln center Heracliuswilh longbeard. without On r. H. Constantine beard.On l. small Heraclooas. Eachwears chlanysandholdsglobus carcigerin r. hand.H. andll. Constantine wear crownswlm crosses. Heraclonas wearscap,cross in fieldabov€his head. l4 on Sanre Partlywornand illegible l 2 20 4.33 r3 2 l R ,I E n I I I I r e Rb 28 2 l 4.34 Tt h l9b 46 40 47 4l€ 48 K 21 2Q 4.4] 637/8 b ?r b ?TI 6 TI D 39b 45 39d 45 638/9 lA?K?l 'lB obv S H 638/9 R 4 l € 48 R 4 l f 48 KO 4 l h 48 KO,X c. 639641 43 R;D 50 R;D 50 222 DANNY SYON Refs. Revelse z EE Gr. Variofltson Obverse Ex. Field Variaflls L R otr t (, d; lxcoNsreNrtlPs Bustfacin&beardless, wearingchlamyswith tablionandcrownwith crcss.[n r. handglobus cruciger. H insteadof F EndsAV. r{ insteadof P EndsPPAVI 20 4.43 30 l 9 4.34 As abov€,with short beard. 20 4.46 20 4.35 33 t 9 4.34 Constans ll, ClassI 'A' on its side o (R.) l i I Careless die I insteadof P; EndsPPAV' lj ConstansII, ClassI same EndsPAVI z z o 648t9 H 649/50 34 20 4.36 'A' on its side s Dafiagedinscriptior 'A' on its side 36 20 4 . 5 1 EndsPPAV. H 9 insteadof P 20 4.44 As above,with enormous beard andmustache. t 5 l8 l 6 d 20 22 (va' Il, Classlll Constans Sarne 39 20 4 . 4 5 S 4A 19 4.43 'A' on its side S 20 4.39 'A on its side 20 4.36 'A' on its sid€ 43 20 4.44 'A' on its side EndsP.PAVI 20 (MrB) 'A' on its side EndsPPAVI 647651(?) (Doc) 18 'A' on its side 0 l3 l 6 l6b 20 'A' on its side 3 8 20 4.46 I l3c t 6 166 35 20 lb At/2-64i I9a l9f 651654(?) l9f l9c l9c + 2 l 24 A HOARDOF SOLIDIFROMHURVATKAB z gF o Ubverse - r E Gr. Variants 'l)t Reversc I d: slu Same Constans Il, ClasslV (R) l2sdl26 A QticoNstaNrnr D 9sc coNsrar ...NrrN9s c 'A' olr its :ONST verysarbled 4 7 20 4.18 6 rcot'Jst,\l.toNls .a,onn..i,r. crlro roloruconcr^rNqi ln 4h 2U 4.33 Refs. Field oIf R Variants C CONSTANTIN 'I-o lclt, buslofColstans with Iongbeard.To right Coflstantinus lV, both wearingchlamlsand crownrrith cross. Between, crcss. 4 5 20 4 . 3 8 223 ONconstnrnl S C CONSTA side 'A' on its side + 20 4.44 !Ncor.tsr...truPt C CONSxANTI As above,but ConstaJrs wears plumeor helmet oentrrd crown. o 26 s 27 21 I SmallCrosspotent.'to L Heraclius,to r. smaller Tiberius.eachwearingchlajnys andcrownwi0t cross, z ll.ll I tltNsrtaJNrrlooluresr,ir,. Very Carel€ss I I I 50 l 9 4.38 lNcotlsr ANtverycarcrcss 26 A f- 28 ConstarN ll, ClassVI 661-663 (Doc) 662(1)661(2) {MIB) R? l30dl 3l 33b 38 PLNIE 23 A: Hurvat Kab, pottery lamp, 'stopper' and part of hoard' WWWWW WWWWW WWWWW WWWWW 1 2 1 5 3 8 HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVAT KAB o 10 PLI,TF, 24 WWWW W WWWW W WW,WWW WWWWW WWWW W WWW W W WWW W W Ww W W W 11 I2 1a IJ 15 t9 2l 22 z _) 24 25 30 HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVAT KI PLATE 25 W WW.W.W.W W WWWWW W W h W W W I KAB WWWWW WWW WW WWWWW WWWWW WWWW W WWWW W 36 -)l 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 41 48 HOARDOF SOLIDI FROM HURVATKAB 50 PLATE 26 HOARD OF SOLIDI FROM HURVAT KAB