Papers by WVSU Research Journal
Nurses play a key role in management and care services to maintain patient safety; however, with ... more Nurses play a key role in management and care services to maintain patient safety; however, with the emergence of COVID-19, the number of nurses still continues to decline. Due to the ongoing problem that even novice nurses may see as a major challenge, this study aims to identify whether nursing graduates are willing to participate in the care of COVID-19 patients. The study is cross-sectional where a total of 146 conveniently chosen nursing graduates currently enrolled in Nursing Review Centers in the Philippines preparing to take the Nurse Licensure Examination. The data were collected using Google forms from August to September 2020 using a four-part questionnaire which includes demographic information sheet, COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and questions pertaining to their willingness to care for COVID-19 patients. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman rho were used to analyze the data. After gathering the information from the participants, the results had ultimately shown that the majority of the participants (86.3%) are willing to care for COVID-19 patients. The ones with the most significant positive correlation with willingness were age (p = 0.008), self-reported health (p = 0.000), self-reported knowledge about COVID-19 (p = 0.001), and interest to become a Registered Nurses (p = 0.000). Based on these results, the majority of the participants had been willing to care for patients with COVID-19, although the factors that influence were associated with their willingness differ.
This study was conducted to determine and characterize the populations of amylase-producing bacte... more This study was conducted to determine and characterize the populations of amylase-producing bacteria from the three rice mill soils in Tigbauan, Iloilo. Soil samples were collected, characterized, and assessed for the presence of amylase-producing bacteria. Serial dilutions, spread plate method of soil samples on starch agar plates, and incubation for 72 hours were done to detect the presence of zone of amylolytic activity. Soil samples in three rice mills in Tigbauan, Iloilo have the presence of amylase-producing bacteria. Bacterial isolates had very active amylolytic activity after 72 hours of incubation and vary in their colony morphology and cell characteristics. It showed no significant difference on the amylolytic activity among the isolates in the three rice mill sites, indicating comparative amylolytic capability. Biochemical tests and molecular characterization of the bacteria should be done to identify the species of the bacterial isolates.
Argument mapping, which includes arguments or premises and contentions, presents ideas in a verba... more Argument mapping, which includes arguments or premises and contentions, presents ideas in a verbal-diagrammatical representation through boxes and arrows. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of argument mapping teaching method to the critical thinking dispositions of learners in Physics. The study participants were learners from a public high school in the Philippines for the School Year 2020-2021. The Critical Thinking Dispositions (CTD) of learners in Physics were determined using a researcher-made CTD Inventory. The Self-Learning Modules (SLMs) in Science 10 containing seven (7) SLMs implemented for seven (7) weeks for both groups containing the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) for Grade 10 learners as prescribed by the DepEd for the second quarter was used for the controlled group. The same SLMs were used in teaching the experimental group, which some parts have been modified to embed argument mapping activities. Pretest revealed that both groups have the same level of CTDs before implementing the intervention. However, posttest revealed that the CTDs of the learners exposed to Argument Mapping (AM) method of teaching group is significantly higher than that of the learners in the non-AM method of teaching group. The argument mapping teaching method had a positive effect on the critical thinking dispositions of learners. The researcher recommends that learners be exposed to activities requiring them to use their critical thinking, be given opportunities to collaborative works and communicate their ideas, and further studies be conducted to develop better instruments to measure the critical thinking dispositions of learners.
Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is a group of congenital anomalies most commonly affecting the genitourina... more Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is a group of congenital anomalies most commonly affecting the genitourinary, gastrointestinal and skeletal systems. Management of these anomalies requires multidisciplinary care and involves staged surgical reconstruction. We present the case of a newborn male referred due to a midline abdominal mass and imperforate anus noted upon delivery. Physical exam revealed an omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, bifid penis, and imperforate anus. Imaging revealed right renal agenesis and pubic diastasis. The patient underwent repair of cloacal exstrophy, bilateral ureteral stent, bilateral anterior osteotomy, primary repair of bladder with bowel augmentation to increase capacity, perineal urethrostomy, genital reconstruction and end colostomy. He was maintained in a pelvic wrap for the osteotomy to heal. He was discharged well. The surgical management of exstrophy is varied involving multiple approaches. While most authors would do a staged repair of the exstrophy leaving the bladder augmentation later because of high failure rates. Our approach to primarily address a relatively small bladder with a patch during closure in selected patients is feasible. Although long term follow-up is needed to achieve good quality of fecal and urinary incontinence, early surgical bladder correction may suggest earlier achievement of continence among patients. Patient is doing well after three years of this procedure with minimal soiling per urethrostomy. Our future plans include repair of the imperforate anus and urodynamic studies to monitor bladder function.
WVSU Research Journal, 2023
In the midst of the revolutionary era of science education, the battle cry for science literacy a... more In the midst of the revolutionary era of science education, the battle cry for science literacy and conceptual knowledge is imperative. Hence, this Interactive Notebook introduces an engaging and creative strategy highlighting higher-order thinking skills and conceptual understanding. This quasi-experimental research design investigated the influence of interactive notebook in developing students' conceptual understanding in biology. There are 25 purposively match-paired Grade 10 students who participated in the study. The interactive notebook intervention format involved artistic and creative strategies including student-designed construct and connect pages. The Conceptual Test in Biology with a reliability of 0.955 was used as a data collection instrument. The study was conducted in a public secondary school and lasted for four weeks. One group of students was taught using the interactive notebook and the other was through conventional teaching methods. It was found that students in both groups have low conceptual understanding as indicated in the pre-test, but was improved as noted in the post-test. When the pre-test and post-test were compared, the students exposed to interactive notebook teaching showed improvement from low to high. At the same time, those in conventional teaching also showed improvement from low to average. A significant difference was observed in the post-test scores of the two groups, supporting the interactive notebook teaching group. A significant difference was also noted between the pre-and post-test conceptual understanding of each group, however, the interactive notebook teaching group yielded better mean gain.
WVSU Research Journal, 2023
Research is vital in addressing the pressing and emerging issues in school; thus, it should be cu... more Research is vital in addressing the pressing and emerging issues in school; thus, it should be cultivated and nurtured for the improvement of teaching competence, upgrading of school policies, and advancing school management towards educational development and progress. This study assessed the research knowledge, competence, and challenges encountered by the school heads in conducting research. Utilizing the quantitative-qualitative research design, the results revealed that the school heads had a high level of knowledge in creating research titles, creating context and rationale/introduction of the research, providing appropriate interventions, and collecting/gathering data. However, the school heads showed a very low competence in presenting research results and findings, formulating research instruments, evaluating research proposal/manuscript, interpreting research results and findings, and editing research proposal/manuscript. School heads’ research knowledge and competence were significantly influenced by educational attainment and school category. Sex significantly affected the school heads’ research competence but not their research knowledge. Challenges encountered were summarized in four key themes: (1) insufficiency of time, (2) difficulty in writing research technicalities, (3) paucity of knowledge in data collection processes, and (4) inadequacy of skills in data analysis and interpretation. The findings ensued in the creation of research revitalization programs and activities to rekindle the driving forces of school heads in providing researchbased interventions while addressing properly, appropriately, and effectively the research challenges, which may lead to advanced management practices, upgraded school policy implementation, and improved quality of education.
WVSU Research Journal, 2023
There is a consensus that cardiac size is reduced in proportion to body mass in malnourished chil... more There is a consensus that cardiac size is reduced in proportion to body mass in malnourished children, but with conflicting findings in cardiac functions. This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital to evaluate the cardiac findings among patients 6-60 months old with acute malnutrition using chest x-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and 2-D echocardiogram (2D-echo). Included in the study were 22 patients. Fourteen (14) of whom had moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) while 8 had severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Both the MAM and SAM groups have cardiothoracic (CT) ratios within normal range but lower than the mean for MAM patients 6-36 months old. ECG studies generally showed low R wave amplitude in both groups and shortened PR interval in the SAM group. Sinus tachycardia appeared to be more common in the SAM group at 50% (4/8) compared to the MAM group at 21% (3/14). 2D-echo measurements of chamber and wall dimensions on both groups were within normal limits; comparison of both groups showed the SAM group had lower left atrial dimensions and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions (LVESD) compared to the MAM group (p values of 0.006 and 0.037 respectively). Pulmonary artery pressure was higher in SAM compared to MAM with a p value of 0.026. In both groups, systolic and diastolic functions were within normal range. MAM patients 6-36 months of age have CT ratios lower than the mean. Low R wave amplitudes are seen in both groups. Those with SAM have more tachycardia and shorter
PR interval. There is a trend for the SAM group to have a smaller left atrial and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions and higher pulmonary artery
pressure. Systolic and diastolic functions are preserved in both groups. These cardiac findings are suggestive of the effects of malnutrition on the heart.
This study looked at the relationship of transformational leadership and job satisfaction to turn... more This study looked at the relationship of transformational leadership and job satisfaction to turnover intention, including the mediating factor of organizational commitment among 87 call center agents in Metro Manila, Philippines. This study used a quantitative-cross-sectional and explanatory design and involved online survey of call center employees as a research method. Respondents were selected through a non-probability sampling technique specifically through snowball sampling or referral method. The results of this research showed a high level of transformational leadership exhibited in call center companies, high level of job satisfaction among call center agents, high organizational commitment but only average turnover intention. Most importantly, this research highlights the important role that organizational commitment as a mediator as the results of this study showed that organizational commitment fully mediates the relationship of transformational leadership and job satisfaction to turnover intention.
Calabash tree (C. cujete) is a flowering plant indigenous in the Philippines and used as a tradit... more Calabash tree (C. cujete) is a flowering plant indigenous in the Philippines and used as a traditional medicine. The study aimed to assess the effects of fruit and leaf extracts from Calabash (C. cujete) on the percent inhibition, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index and percent germination of the onion (Allium cepa) cell division and mongo seed (V. radiata) germination exposed to sodium azide (NaN3). Allium assay was used to determine the mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations with 400 mg/L C. cujete fruit and leaf extracts concentrations. The Cresentia cujete fruit extract exhibits more antimitotic and antigenotoxic potential compared to the leaf extract based on the mitotic index and frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the onion root cells. Thus, the fruit extract contains more phytochemicals compared to the leaf extract.
Vitamin D is associated to bone health and reduction in the incidence of fractures. However, this... more Vitamin D is associated to bone health and reduction in the incidence of fractures. However, this condition remains increasing specially during elderly, predisposing to frailty and increasing hospital stay days. The reduction in vitamin D levels could explain the high incidence of fractures as well as mortality. This is an observational transversal retrospective study. This study aimed to determine the relation between frailty and fractures in patients with low vitamin D levels. We found 914 patients with vitamin D levels; however, we included just 319 patients who had previous imaging study, vitamin D determination, and confirmed diagnosis of frailty. Patients with surgical fractures, chronic kidney disease or vitamin D supplementation were excluded from this study. The main fractures related to long hospital stay (> 5 days), frailty, and low vitamin D levels were clavicle fracture; however, scaphoids fracture was related to shorter hospital stay and higher vitamin D levels. Most of fractures happened over 60 years old in women and under 60 years old in men. Vitamin D deficiency was related to long hospital stay in all fractures, despite the deficiency, vitamin D levels over 12 ng/mL were related to better outcomes in all patients; however, serum vitamin D levels related to the incidence of fracture were lower than reported in literature.
Mushroom, Vovariella volvacea, was grown on green banana peels composted at different length of t... more Mushroom, Vovariella volvacea, was grown on green banana peels composted at different length of time. The objectives of the study were to assess the potential of the substrate in terms of mycelial growth and pin-head development. Much more, it was also the objective of the study to provide added value to the waste banana peels by using as substrate in mushroom production and at the same time mitigating the burgeoning issue of environmental problem. The study was done in the laboratory and is composed of two phases, the assessment of mycelial growth and the pinhead development under laboratory conditions. Results showed that 15-day composting showed a significant result compared to other treatments of 0-day and 30-day composting in terms of vegetative growth as well as pin-head development.
One hundred twenty ready-to-bloom anthurium of different varieties were planted in clay pots and ... more One hundred twenty ready-to-bloom anthurium of different varieties were planted in clay pots and plastic bags using chopped coconut husk as planting media. The objectives were to compare the agronomic characteristics of anthurium cv. grown in clay pots and plastic bags, and to determine the cost and return of each treatment. The treatments used are the following Factor A Four varieties of Anthurium : Baguio Red(V₁) Manila Red (V₂) Baguio White(V₃), Lady Jean (V₄) and Factor B two kinds of container; Clay pot (C₁) and Plastic bag (C₂). The experiment was laid out in factorial (4 x 2) in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated 3 times with 5 pots per treatment per replicate. Results showed that the number of suckers harvested for five-year period, Baguio White and Lady Jean both planted in plastic bags gave the highest (102.00) and lowest (42.40) number of suckers, respectively. The most prolific year of sucker production was observed in the third year and decline in the fourth year due to cutting back of the main stem of the plant as they become tall and easily toppled down if left untouched. In flower production, the highest peak was during the third year and the lowest during the first year. On the average over the five-year period, Manila Red in plastic bags (15.16) and Baguio Red in clay pots (13.6) gave the highest and the lowest number of flowers per year, respectively. Lady Jean in clay pots and plastic bags and Manila Red in plastic bags appeared to show stability in flower production in 5 year period. Lady Jean both planted in clay pots and plastic bags gave the highest return of investment of 125.11 and 114.83, respectively.
This study examined the competencies and capabilities of teachers who are non-majors in Chemistry... more This study examined the competencies and capabilities of teachers who are non-majors in Chemistry after attending the Certificate Program of two terms which ran for 6 weeks for each term. The course content covered among others the least learned content topics and processes based on the results of the 2005 National Achievement Test. The delivery of the course was an integration of content, strategies, and assessment. The use, care, and improvisation of equipment and learning support materials were included. Specifically, this study explored the capabilities of teacher participants in terms of increased content knowledge, enhanced competence in teaching, and assessment of learning, and continued professional enhancement. The participants-respondents of the study were trained chemistry teachers, their immediate supervisors, and their students. Findings of the study showed that teachers gained significantly in terms of content knowledge from the training. The content knowledge was, to a great extent, retained by the teacher participants as they actually conduct research investigatory projects, and hands-on laboratory activities in their classes. Further, the participants showed improved classroom management skills, teaching, and assessment skills. Results also revealed that trained teachers enhanced their ability in conducting laboratory activities using improvised materials and equipment. They were also able to assess student learning by using a variety of ways and were able to evaluate students' performance through authentic means. Implications of this study are discussed with respect to areas or competencies that need to be developed further among chemistry teachers in the local and national contexts of educational reforms.
This study was established at the Urban Agriculture Demonstration Site of the West Visayas State ... more This study was established at the Urban Agriculture Demonstration Site of the West Visayas State University main campus in La Paz, Iloilo City from July 2007 to July 2008. The study (1) determined the best soil media and (2) evaluated the effect of different soil ameliorants on green onion, pechay, and tomato when grown in containers. Results of the study showed that the use of pure compost was the best medium in increasing the yield of tomato, green onion, and pechay. Results further showed that the use of IMO and rice hull as soil ameliorants did not increase yields of the three species of vegetables tested. The use of rice hull generally reduced the yields particularly of pechay. Prospective urban gardeners and even vegetable growers may be encouraged by the results of this study to utilize their biodegradable wastes as compost for food production. Results further suggest that recycling and composting have vast potential for addressing the food, health, and income needs of the urban poor and landless, and will generate jobs for women.
Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) is a plant-need-based approach for optimized application... more Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) is a plant-need-based approach for optimized application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. This study developed and evaluated SSNM recommendations for irrigated rice in Aklan, Antique, and Capiz. Field trials using the nutrient omission plot technique provided information to calibrate Nutrient Manager for Rice, a computer-based decision tool. Additional field trials compared SSNM-based fertilizer recommendations of Nutrient Manager with farmer's fertilizer practices. Measured soil properties were not well related to rice yields measured in nutrient omission plots suggesting soil properties are not good predictors of nutrient supply in rice soils. Relationships of yield in nutrient omission plots with yield in full fertilized plots were comparable to relationships from other regions of the Philippines already used in Nutrient Manager. This provides confidence that Nutrient Manager is well adapted for Region 6. Fertilizer management based on Nutrient Manager increased yield by 370 kg per hectare per season. Results suggest an increased income of PhP 4500 per hectare per season is a realistic target with Nutrient Manager. When factors other than nutrients - such as pests, diseases, or poor crop management - limit rice yield, improved nutrient management should be combined with practices to overcome these constraints.
The minus-one element technique or test (MOET) in assessing nutrient deficiency in lowland rice w... more The minus-one element technique or test (MOET) in assessing nutrient deficiency in lowland rice was used in the study. Based on the result of this test, the farmer's actual fertilizer management practice was compared with the research-based participative fertilizer management recommendation. Two farmers' fields were used as the test sites during the 2001-2002 dry and wet seasons. Nitrogen was deficient in both sites while phosphorus was only deficient in Pototan site based on the results of the MOET. In the dry season, the participative fertilizer management recommendation increased yield by 0.4 t/ha in Barotac Nuevo and by 1.6 t/ha in Pototan site over the farmer's actual fertilizer management practice with minimal or without additional fertilizer cost to the farmers. In the wet season, the participative fertilizer management was comparable to the farmer's practice in Barotac Nuevo but was inferior in Pototan site. However, the farmer in Barotac Nuevo saved P670.00/ha with the participative fertilizer management. The minus-one element test of determining nutrient-deficiency is a practical tool that can be used by Filipino rice farmers and extension workers in the absence of soil analysis. This technology, together with the research-based fertilizer management recommendation, must be immediately disseminated to the rice farmers, particularly during the dry season where the greatest opportunity exists to increase rice yields.
A survey was conducted on the production, processing, utilization, and marketing of Bamban produc... more A survey was conducted on the production, processing, utilization, and marketing of Bamban products in Panay Island, Philippines. One hundred fifty-five respondents in four provinces, namely: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo categorized into four groups, namely, (a) those who harvested Bamban culms, processed into splits and sold in the market, (b) those who wove Bamban and bought by customers, (c) those who wove and sold products to the households in different parts of the province, and (d) those who were involved in buy-and-sell of Bamban products.
Respondents were mostly males and married. About 50% had no formal education, with only 6% having high school. Main occupation was farming and about 44.5% were involved in paid labor. The mean age was 39.53 years old, with an average household size of 6 members and an estimated annual income of PhP26,236.77. Estimated annual income earned from Bamban production was PhP12,605.68.
This study was done to determine the yield of Ganoderma lucidum on different sawdusts of mahogany... more This study was done to determine the yield of Ganoderma lucidum on different sawdusts of mahogany (Sweitenia macrophylla), gmelina (Gmelina arborea), and coconut (Cocos nucifera). The sawdusts were enriched with 50% rice bran and 2% lime based on the total volume of sawdust. All the sawdusts in the different treatments were supplemented with .25% molasses and composted for 12 days where turning of the compost was done every 2 days. After the composting period, the sawdusts were bagged using heat resistant polypropylene (PPC) plastic bags and sterilized for one hour at 15psi. After cooling, the sterilized bags were inoculated with the grain spawn of Ganoderma lucidum and incubated at room temperature until ready for fruiting. Fruiting was done outdoors in a plastic house with provisions for moisture and temperature control.
Results showed that all the sawdusts supported the growth of Ganoderma lucidum as all the bags produced fruiting bodies in five flushes. Mahogany and gmelina sawdusts registered higher yields, however, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in their yield. Coconut sawdust posted the lowest yield which differed significantly from the yield of mahogany and gmelina.
This study was designed to survey the status and problems of ornamental plant production in Iloil... more This study was designed to survey the status and problems of ornamental plant production in Iloilo; specifically to determine the practices of the respondents regarding the use of inorganic and organic fertilizers and chemicals. It also aimed to possibly identify and quantify the commercial pesticides used by the commercial growers both in the ornamental and cutflower industry. A questionnaire validated by experts and pre-tested among plant growers was used to gather information from the respondents. Final phase of the study was to add more depth to their answers to the questionnaire
The survey revealed that commercial fertilizers (14-14-14 and 46-0-0) are still popular as 93% of the respondents use them using since they are easy to use, are readily available and have immediate effect on the growth of plants. Majority of the respondents (73%) were regularly spraying commercial pesticides once a month, such as Tamaron, Cymbush, and Malathion while the rest used crushed pepper mixed in water and lemon grass as organic pesticides sprayed monthly. Contrary to the fact that 74% of the growers favor the use of organic fertilizers such as cow, hog, and carabao manures, however, 16% are actually using these. It is recommended that a strong and vigorous campaign on awareness program should be undertaken by concerned agencies on the long-term benefits of using organic fertilizers for the sake of well-being and the environment.
This project was designed to provide a broad image of AFNR human resources to better understand t... more This project was designed to provide a broad image of AFNR human resources to better understand the factors causing the downtrend in enrolment in AFNR courses. Specifically, it aimed to determine the socio-economic condition, how their education was financed, and the factors influencing the choice of program. Furthermore, the project determined the effectiveness of HEI programs and services, relevance and importance of knowledge/skills acquired from course/degree program, and the employment opportunities of its graduates.
Results of the study showed that majority of in-school students and graduates belonged to below average income families whose main occupations were farming, forestry, and fisheries. Low family Income and inability to pay fees were found as reasons for the dropping out of students in AFNR degree programs and shifting to other degree courses that are more affordable. The socio-economic and financial condition of students influences their decisions in choosing degree programs and HEI. Students are more concerned with looking for degree programs that are provided with scholarships that could help them pursue and finish their college education. With regards to the choice of HEI, most of them have chosen schools that are reputable as excellent academic institutions, high employability of graduates, cheap/affordable tuition fees, reputation in the field of study, and as renowned research institutions.
Students and graduates were very satisfied as to the effectiveness of HEIs programs and services offered in general, as well as the knowledge/skills acquired from degree courses. Students were aware of the counseling center or services available in the campus and felt very satisfied with regards to campus security.
Graduates perceived that the knowledge and understanding, general qualities, general skills, and specialized acquired from degree courses are very relevant to their job performance and employers are very satisfied with the overall college/university preparation of their AFNR employees.
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Papers by WVSU Research Journal
PR interval. There is a trend for the SAM group to have a smaller left atrial and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions and higher pulmonary artery
pressure. Systolic and diastolic functions are preserved in both groups. These cardiac findings are suggestive of the effects of malnutrition on the heart.
Respondents were mostly males and married. About 50% had no formal education, with only 6% having high school. Main occupation was farming and about 44.5% were involved in paid labor. The mean age was 39.53 years old, with an average household size of 6 members and an estimated annual income of PhP26,236.77. Estimated annual income earned from Bamban production was PhP12,605.68.
Results showed that all the sawdusts supported the growth of Ganoderma lucidum as all the bags produced fruiting bodies in five flushes. Mahogany and gmelina sawdusts registered higher yields, however, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in their yield. Coconut sawdust posted the lowest yield which differed significantly from the yield of mahogany and gmelina.
The survey revealed that commercial fertilizers (14-14-14 and 46-0-0) are still popular as 93% of the respondents use them using since they are easy to use, are readily available and have immediate effect on the growth of plants. Majority of the respondents (73%) were regularly spraying commercial pesticides once a month, such as Tamaron, Cymbush, and Malathion while the rest used crushed pepper mixed in water and lemon grass as organic pesticides sprayed monthly. Contrary to the fact that 74% of the growers favor the use of organic fertilizers such as cow, hog, and carabao manures, however, 16% are actually using these. It is recommended that a strong and vigorous campaign on awareness program should be undertaken by concerned agencies on the long-term benefits of using organic fertilizers for the sake of well-being and the environment.
Results of the study showed that majority of in-school students and graduates belonged to below average income families whose main occupations were farming, forestry, and fisheries. Low family Income and inability to pay fees were found as reasons for the dropping out of students in AFNR degree programs and shifting to other degree courses that are more affordable. The socio-economic and financial condition of students influences their decisions in choosing degree programs and HEI. Students are more concerned with looking for degree programs that are provided with scholarships that could help them pursue and finish their college education. With regards to the choice of HEI, most of them have chosen schools that are reputable as excellent academic institutions, high employability of graduates, cheap/affordable tuition fees, reputation in the field of study, and as renowned research institutions.
Students and graduates were very satisfied as to the effectiveness of HEIs programs and services offered in general, as well as the knowledge/skills acquired from degree courses. Students were aware of the counseling center or services available in the campus and felt very satisfied with regards to campus security.
Graduates perceived that the knowledge and understanding, general qualities, general skills, and specialized acquired from degree courses are very relevant to their job performance and employers are very satisfied with the overall college/university preparation of their AFNR employees.
PR interval. There is a trend for the SAM group to have a smaller left atrial and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions and higher pulmonary artery
pressure. Systolic and diastolic functions are preserved in both groups. These cardiac findings are suggestive of the effects of malnutrition on the heart.
Respondents were mostly males and married. About 50% had no formal education, with only 6% having high school. Main occupation was farming and about 44.5% were involved in paid labor. The mean age was 39.53 years old, with an average household size of 6 members and an estimated annual income of PhP26,236.77. Estimated annual income earned from Bamban production was PhP12,605.68.
Results showed that all the sawdusts supported the growth of Ganoderma lucidum as all the bags produced fruiting bodies in five flushes. Mahogany and gmelina sawdusts registered higher yields, however, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in their yield. Coconut sawdust posted the lowest yield which differed significantly from the yield of mahogany and gmelina.
The survey revealed that commercial fertilizers (14-14-14 and 46-0-0) are still popular as 93% of the respondents use them using since they are easy to use, are readily available and have immediate effect on the growth of plants. Majority of the respondents (73%) were regularly spraying commercial pesticides once a month, such as Tamaron, Cymbush, and Malathion while the rest used crushed pepper mixed in water and lemon grass as organic pesticides sprayed monthly. Contrary to the fact that 74% of the growers favor the use of organic fertilizers such as cow, hog, and carabao manures, however, 16% are actually using these. It is recommended that a strong and vigorous campaign on awareness program should be undertaken by concerned agencies on the long-term benefits of using organic fertilizers for the sake of well-being and the environment.
Results of the study showed that majority of in-school students and graduates belonged to below average income families whose main occupations were farming, forestry, and fisheries. Low family Income and inability to pay fees were found as reasons for the dropping out of students in AFNR degree programs and shifting to other degree courses that are more affordable. The socio-economic and financial condition of students influences their decisions in choosing degree programs and HEI. Students are more concerned with looking for degree programs that are provided with scholarships that could help them pursue and finish their college education. With regards to the choice of HEI, most of them have chosen schools that are reputable as excellent academic institutions, high employability of graduates, cheap/affordable tuition fees, reputation in the field of study, and as renowned research institutions.
Students and graduates were very satisfied as to the effectiveness of HEIs programs and services offered in general, as well as the knowledge/skills acquired from degree courses. Students were aware of the counseling center or services available in the campus and felt very satisfied with regards to campus security.
Graduates perceived that the knowledge and understanding, general qualities, general skills, and specialized acquired from degree courses are very relevant to their job performance and employers are very satisfied with the overall college/university preparation of their AFNR employees.