Young academics have been facing a problem of high turnover rate due to missing links between the... more Young academics have been facing a problem of high turnover rate due to missing links between the institutions’ policies and the performance. This study explores the effect of job embeddedness and community embeddedness on creative work performance and intentions to leave of young teaching staff in academic institutions in Pakistan. In this study, 300 qualified young academics from public and private universities were selected as subjects and asked to complete a questionnaire. Data were collected via mail-survey. A variance-based structural equation model is employed to measure the path model. The results show that the fit-dimension of organizational- and community-embeddedness, along with the moderating effect of organization size and the availability of nearby alternative jobs have a significant impact on improving perceived creative performance and reducing staff turnover intentions. This study suggests that organizations should focus on organizational-fit and community-fit const...
The International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration
A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the interaction of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) with... more A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the interaction of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) with a droplet of water is carried out. The mixing produced inside the droplet due to the incident with the SAW and the droplet is investigated by undertaking a parametric study, with parameters such as frequency, drop size, and the lateral position of the droplet on the surface of the substrate. The linear relationship between the input voltage and the mixing velocity inside the droplet is obtained with variation of the input voltage of the inter-digital transducer (IDT) of the SAW device within a 10--40 V range. With the variation in frequency, the maximum mixing velocity is observed at 20 MHz and it appears to be independent of the size of the droplet. Varying the substrate material with lead zirconate titanate and lithium niobate produces better mixing. Lithium niobate is preferred due to its availability and cost-effectiveness. A drop of 600 um diameter produces better mixing. The diffe...
International Journal of Technical Research & Science
To construct a theory and clarify that how is diversity within organization or workgroup. It can ... more To construct a theory and clarify that how is diversity within organization or workgroup. It can guide in handling conflict, and how this result might be intensified organizational behavior. Study explains and argues what diversity management is and why this is related to multinational organizations. Then develops multi-level, theoretical framework to suggest the situations of diversity and may guide to high intensity of conflict. Further research explains and describes the role of conflict in diverse workgroups and discover the moderating result of organization on the relationship between diversity and conflict management. In diversity workgroup members present with strong organizational behaviors (e.g. in-group preference and out-group refusal) will make worse chances that diversity may guide to conflict management and styles of handling conflict, it will decline the possibility that diversity directs to task conflict. The model displays the importance of examining diversity and handling styles according to situations, just as the presence of age, value, culture, nationalistic behavior which may hinder the potential of diversity management.
This paper investigates the net real inflation effect on output in ten countries, comprising both... more This paper investigates the net real inflation effect on output in ten countries, comprising both advanced and developing countries. An indicator is introduced to compute the net inflation effect on output (NIEO) based on the difference between two concepts of core inflation, where both are computed using the decomposition of VAR residuals. We find that for all countries, when inflation is increasing the NIEO is significantly positive and is negative during periods of decreasing inflation. Typically, countries which follow anti-inflationary policies if the NIEO is of small magnitude suffer relatively minimal damage in output, whereas if the same policies are undertaken when the NIEO is large the damaging effects on output could be much greater. This suggests that the NIEO could be a useful indicator of the likely effects of policy, especially for countries which have frequent episodes of high inflation, and in those countries which employ inflation-targeting policy, as the timing of monetary policy actions could be optimized to take account of this real effect of inflation.
IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision
Abstract The general theory of designing multidimensional quadrature mirror filters (QMF) for use... more Abstract The general theory of designing multidimensional quadrature mirror filters (QMF) for use in sub-band coding systems using the McClellan transform is presented. It was recently shown that the McClellan transform could be used to generate 2-D diamond-shape QMF ...
Pedestrians are considered the most vulnerable road users who are directly exposed to traffic cra... more Pedestrians are considered the most vulnerable road users who are directly exposed to traffic crashes. With a view to addressing the growing concern of pedestrian safety, Federal and local governments aim at reducing pedestrian-involved crashes. Nevertheless, pedestrian volume data are rarely available even though they among the most important factors to identify pedestrian safety. Thus, this study aims at identifying surrogate measures for pedestrian exposure at intersections. A two-step process is implemented: the first step is the development of Tobit and generalized linear models for predicting pedestrian trips (i.e., exposure models). In the second step, negative binomial and zero inflated negative binomial models were developed for pedestrian crashes using the predicted pedestrian trips. The results indicate that among various exposure models the Tobit model performs the best in describing pedestrian exposure. The identified exposure-relevant factors are the presence of school...
Science and technology of advanced materials, 2018
Soft robots have received an increasing attention due to their advantages of high flexibility and... more Soft robots have received an increasing attention due to their advantages of high flexibility and safety for human operators but the fabrication is a challenge. Recently, 3D printing has been used as a key technology to fabricate soft robots because of high quality and printing multiple materials at the same time. Functional soft materials are particularly well suited for soft robotics due to a wide range of stimulants and sensitive demonstration of large deformations, high motion complexities and varied multi-functionalities. This review comprises a detailed survey of 3D printing in soft robotics. The development of key 3D printing technologies and new materials along with composites for soft robotic applications is investigated. A brief summary of 3D-printed soft devices suitable for medical to industrial applications is also included. The growing research on both 3D printing and soft robotics needs a summary of the major reported studies and the authors believe that this review a...
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of t... more A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Measuring electrical activity of neural networks by microelectrode array (MEA) has recently shown... more Measuring electrical activity of neural networks by microelectrode array (MEA) has recently shown promise for screening level assessments of chemical toxicity on network development and function. Important aspects of interneuronal communication can be quantified from a single MEA recording, including individual firing rates, coordinated bursting, and measures of network synchrony, providing rich datasets to evaluate chemical effects. Further, multiple recordings can be made from the same network, including during the formation of these networks in vitro. The ability to perform multiple recording sessions over the in vitro development of network activity may provide further insight into developmental effects of neurotoxicants. In the current study, a recently described MEA-based screen of 86 compounds in primary rat cortical cultures over 12 days in vitro was revisited to establish a framework that integrates all available primary measures of electrical activity from MEA recordings i...
Despite an abundance of online databases providing access to chemical data, there is increasing d... more Despite an abundance of online databases providing access to chemical data, there is increasing demand for high-quality, structure-curated, open data to meet the various needs of the environmental sciences and computational toxicology communities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) web-based CompTox Chemistry Dashboard is addressing these needs by integrating diverse types of relevant domain data through a cheminformatics layer, built upon a database of curated substances linked to chemical structures. These data include physicochemical, environmental fate and transport, exposure, usage, in vivo toxicity, and in vitro bioassay data, surfaced through an integration hub with link-outs to additional EPA data and public domain online resources. Batch searching allows for direct chemical identifier (ID) mapping and downloading of multiple data streams in several different formats. This facilitates fast access to available structure, property, toxicity, and bioassay data...
This paper investigates whether there are benefits in terms of higher economic stability from inc... more This paper investigates whether there are benefits in terms of higher economic stability from incorporating stock prices into the price index targeted by the central banks. It also looks into the question of whether central banks should use stock prices as a component of the output stability index and how the index can be constructed. An optimization technique is employed to estimate weights for the various sectoral prices. The obtained weights, which depend on sectoral parameters, differ from those used in the construction of the consumer price index, CPI. Using data from the UK and the US, our analysis demonstrates that in comparison to the CPI, our measure of inflation leads to higher output stability. Thus, in an inflation-targeting monetary policy environment, it is important to adopt a broader inflation benchmark than the CPI for the general macroeconomic stability.
Animal testing alone cannot practically evaluate the health hazard posed by tens of thousands of ... more Animal testing alone cannot practically evaluate the health hazard posed by tens of thousands of environmental chemicals. Computational approaches making use of high-throughput experimental data may provide more efficient means to predict chemical toxicity. Here, we use a supervised machine learning strategy to systematically investigate the relative importance of study type, machine learning algorithm, and type of descriptor on predicting in vivo repeat-dose toxicity at the organ-level. A total of 985 compounds were represented using chemical structural descriptors, ToxPrint chemotype descriptors, and bioactivity descriptors from ToxCast in vitro high-throughput screening assays. Using ToxRefDB, a total of 35 target organ outcomes were identified that contained at least 100 chemicals (50 positive and 50 negative). Supervised machine learning was performed using Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, classification and regression trees, and support vector classification app...
Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are ... more Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are characterized from empirical end points to describing modes of action as adverse outcome pathways and perturbed networks. Toward this aim, Systems Toxicology entails the integration of in vitro and in vivo toxicity data with computational modeling. This evolving approach depends critically on data reliability and relevance, which in turn depends on the quality of experimental models and bioanalysis techniques used to generate toxicological data. Systems Toxicology involves the use of large-scale data streams ("big data"), such as those derived from omics measurements that require computational means for obtaining informative results. Thus, integrative analysis of multiple molecular measurements, particularly acquired by omics strategies, is a key approach in Systems Toxicology. In recent years, there have been significant advances centered on in vitro test systems and bioanalyt...
Young academics have been facing a problem of high turnover rate due to missing links between the... more Young academics have been facing a problem of high turnover rate due to missing links between the institutions’ policies and the performance. This study explores the effect of job embeddedness and community embeddedness on creative work performance and intentions to leave of young teaching staff in academic institutions in Pakistan. In this study, 300 qualified young academics from public and private universities were selected as subjects and asked to complete a questionnaire. Data were collected via mail-survey. A variance-based structural equation model is employed to measure the path model. The results show that the fit-dimension of organizational- and community-embeddedness, along with the moderating effect of organization size and the availability of nearby alternative jobs have a significant impact on improving perceived creative performance and reducing staff turnover intentions. This study suggests that organizations should focus on organizational-fit and community-fit const...
The International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration
A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the interaction of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) with... more A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the interaction of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) with a droplet of water is carried out. The mixing produced inside the droplet due to the incident with the SAW and the droplet is investigated by undertaking a parametric study, with parameters such as frequency, drop size, and the lateral position of the droplet on the surface of the substrate. The linear relationship between the input voltage and the mixing velocity inside the droplet is obtained with variation of the input voltage of the inter-digital transducer (IDT) of the SAW device within a 10--40 V range. With the variation in frequency, the maximum mixing velocity is observed at 20 MHz and it appears to be independent of the size of the droplet. Varying the substrate material with lead zirconate titanate and lithium niobate produces better mixing. Lithium niobate is preferred due to its availability and cost-effectiveness. A drop of 600 um diameter produces better mixing. The diffe...
International Journal of Technical Research & Science
To construct a theory and clarify that how is diversity within organization or workgroup. It can ... more To construct a theory and clarify that how is diversity within organization or workgroup. It can guide in handling conflict, and how this result might be intensified organizational behavior. Study explains and argues what diversity management is and why this is related to multinational organizations. Then develops multi-level, theoretical framework to suggest the situations of diversity and may guide to high intensity of conflict. Further research explains and describes the role of conflict in diverse workgroups and discover the moderating result of organization on the relationship between diversity and conflict management. In diversity workgroup members present with strong organizational behaviors (e.g. in-group preference and out-group refusal) will make worse chances that diversity may guide to conflict management and styles of handling conflict, it will decline the possibility that diversity directs to task conflict. The model displays the importance of examining diversity and handling styles according to situations, just as the presence of age, value, culture, nationalistic behavior which may hinder the potential of diversity management.
This paper investigates the net real inflation effect on output in ten countries, comprising both... more This paper investigates the net real inflation effect on output in ten countries, comprising both advanced and developing countries. An indicator is introduced to compute the net inflation effect on output (NIEO) based on the difference between two concepts of core inflation, where both are computed using the decomposition of VAR residuals. We find that for all countries, when inflation is increasing the NIEO is significantly positive and is negative during periods of decreasing inflation. Typically, countries which follow anti-inflationary policies if the NIEO is of small magnitude suffer relatively minimal damage in output, whereas if the same policies are undertaken when the NIEO is large the damaging effects on output could be much greater. This suggests that the NIEO could be a useful indicator of the likely effects of policy, especially for countries which have frequent episodes of high inflation, and in those countries which employ inflation-targeting policy, as the timing of monetary policy actions could be optimized to take account of this real effect of inflation.
IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision
Abstract The general theory of designing multidimensional quadrature mirror filters (QMF) for use... more Abstract The general theory of designing multidimensional quadrature mirror filters (QMF) for use in sub-band coding systems using the McClellan transform is presented. It was recently shown that the McClellan transform could be used to generate 2-D diamond-shape QMF ...
Pedestrians are considered the most vulnerable road users who are directly exposed to traffic cra... more Pedestrians are considered the most vulnerable road users who are directly exposed to traffic crashes. With a view to addressing the growing concern of pedestrian safety, Federal and local governments aim at reducing pedestrian-involved crashes. Nevertheless, pedestrian volume data are rarely available even though they among the most important factors to identify pedestrian safety. Thus, this study aims at identifying surrogate measures for pedestrian exposure at intersections. A two-step process is implemented: the first step is the development of Tobit and generalized linear models for predicting pedestrian trips (i.e., exposure models). In the second step, negative binomial and zero inflated negative binomial models were developed for pedestrian crashes using the predicted pedestrian trips. The results indicate that among various exposure models the Tobit model performs the best in describing pedestrian exposure. The identified exposure-relevant factors are the presence of school...
Science and technology of advanced materials, 2018
Soft robots have received an increasing attention due to their advantages of high flexibility and... more Soft robots have received an increasing attention due to their advantages of high flexibility and safety for human operators but the fabrication is a challenge. Recently, 3D printing has been used as a key technology to fabricate soft robots because of high quality and printing multiple materials at the same time. Functional soft materials are particularly well suited for soft robotics due to a wide range of stimulants and sensitive demonstration of large deformations, high motion complexities and varied multi-functionalities. This review comprises a detailed survey of 3D printing in soft robotics. The development of key 3D printing technologies and new materials along with composites for soft robotic applications is investigated. A brief summary of 3D-printed soft devices suitable for medical to industrial applications is also included. The growing research on both 3D printing and soft robotics needs a summary of the major reported studies and the authors believe that this review a...
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of t... more A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Measuring electrical activity of neural networks by microelectrode array (MEA) has recently shown... more Measuring electrical activity of neural networks by microelectrode array (MEA) has recently shown promise for screening level assessments of chemical toxicity on network development and function. Important aspects of interneuronal communication can be quantified from a single MEA recording, including individual firing rates, coordinated bursting, and measures of network synchrony, providing rich datasets to evaluate chemical effects. Further, multiple recordings can be made from the same network, including during the formation of these networks in vitro. The ability to perform multiple recording sessions over the in vitro development of network activity may provide further insight into developmental effects of neurotoxicants. In the current study, a recently described MEA-based screen of 86 compounds in primary rat cortical cultures over 12 days in vitro was revisited to establish a framework that integrates all available primary measures of electrical activity from MEA recordings i...
Despite an abundance of online databases providing access to chemical data, there is increasing d... more Despite an abundance of online databases providing access to chemical data, there is increasing demand for high-quality, structure-curated, open data to meet the various needs of the environmental sciences and computational toxicology communities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) web-based CompTox Chemistry Dashboard is addressing these needs by integrating diverse types of relevant domain data through a cheminformatics layer, built upon a database of curated substances linked to chemical structures. These data include physicochemical, environmental fate and transport, exposure, usage, in vivo toxicity, and in vitro bioassay data, surfaced through an integration hub with link-outs to additional EPA data and public domain online resources. Batch searching allows for direct chemical identifier (ID) mapping and downloading of multiple data streams in several different formats. This facilitates fast access to available structure, property, toxicity, and bioassay data...
This paper investigates whether there are benefits in terms of higher economic stability from inc... more This paper investigates whether there are benefits in terms of higher economic stability from incorporating stock prices into the price index targeted by the central banks. It also looks into the question of whether central banks should use stock prices as a component of the output stability index and how the index can be constructed. An optimization technique is employed to estimate weights for the various sectoral prices. The obtained weights, which depend on sectoral parameters, differ from those used in the construction of the consumer price index, CPI. Using data from the UK and the US, our analysis demonstrates that in comparison to the CPI, our measure of inflation leads to higher output stability. Thus, in an inflation-targeting monetary policy environment, it is important to adopt a broader inflation benchmark than the CPI for the general macroeconomic stability.
Animal testing alone cannot practically evaluate the health hazard posed by tens of thousands of ... more Animal testing alone cannot practically evaluate the health hazard posed by tens of thousands of environmental chemicals. Computational approaches making use of high-throughput experimental data may provide more efficient means to predict chemical toxicity. Here, we use a supervised machine learning strategy to systematically investigate the relative importance of study type, machine learning algorithm, and type of descriptor on predicting in vivo repeat-dose toxicity at the organ-level. A total of 985 compounds were represented using chemical structural descriptors, ToxPrint chemotype descriptors, and bioactivity descriptors from ToxCast in vitro high-throughput screening assays. Using ToxRefDB, a total of 35 target organ outcomes were identified that contained at least 100 chemicals (50 positive and 50 negative). Supervised machine learning was performed using Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, classification and regression trees, and support vector classification app...
Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are ... more Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are characterized from empirical end points to describing modes of action as adverse outcome pathways and perturbed networks. Toward this aim, Systems Toxicology entails the integration of in vitro and in vivo toxicity data with computational modeling. This evolving approach depends critically on data reliability and relevance, which in turn depends on the quality of experimental models and bioanalysis techniques used to generate toxicological data. Systems Toxicology involves the use of large-scale data streams ("big data"), such as those derived from omics measurements that require computational means for obtaining informative results. Thus, integrative analysis of multiple molecular measurements, particularly acquired by omics strategies, is a key approach in Systems Toxicology. In recent years, there have been significant advances centered on in vitro test systems and bioanalyt...
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