Papers by Marilyn Ford-gilboe
BMC public health, Feb 7, 2024
Journal of Advanced Nursing, Jun 30, 2022
AimsTo identify factors that influenced: (1) integration of an intimate partner violence interven... more AimsTo identify factors that influenced: (1) integration of an intimate partner violence intervention into the Nurse‐Family Partnership programme and (2) utilization of the intervention with fidelity to the clinical pathway by nurses in their home visits.DesignA qualitative descriptive study embedded in the intervention arm (n = 7 sites) of a 15‐site cluster randomized clinical trial to evaluate the intimate partner violence intervention.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews (n = 13) were conducted with supervisors. Nurses at the seven sites shared their experiences in focus groups conducted at two time points (n = 14 focus groups, 12 months after baseline and following collection of client trial data). Qualitative data were generated between May 2012 and September 2016, with this post hoc analysis completed in 2021. Focus group data were analysed using a rapid qualitative analysis technique. Conventional content analysis was used to categorize data from the supervisor interviews.ResultsIntegration was negatively impacted by: (1) a lack of centralized programme support and (2) competing programme demands. At the practice level, multiple factors related to supervisor capacity, preservation of the nurse–client relationship and nurse, client and intervention attributes influenced nurses' capacity to address intimate partner violence with fidelity to the clinical pathway. A lack of privacy in home visits was the most common barrier to addressing clients' experiences of violence. The need for increased time for nurses to develop clinical expertise prior to the evaluation of the intervention was also identified.ConclusionBefore implementing an intimate partner violence intervention, home visitation programmes need to attend to site readiness, provide support to supervisors to facilitate implementation, and provide nurses with time to develop the expertise and clinical judgement required to use a complex intervention whilst also respecting clients' agency to determine when and how they will respond to the violence in their relationships.ImpactWhat problem did the study address?Given the positive impacts that participating in the Nurse‐Family Partnership intimate partner violence education had on nurse home visitors' attitudes and confidence to address this type of violence experienced by first‐time mothers, it was important to understand what factors contributed to the low fidelity of intervention implementation in practice, a factor that may help to explain the lack of client‐level impacts on maternal outcomes.What were the main findings?Implementation of an intimate partner violence intervention in a nurse home visiting programme was influenced by contextual factors at both programme and practice levels. At the practice level, a lack of privacy in the home limited nurses' capacity to use the intervention. Supervisors were identified as having an important role to support nurses develop the expertise to use the intervention. Nurses also consistently balanced the intervention requirements to address intimate partner violence with an understanding of the complexity of this type of violence in young women's lives and respect for clients' agency to determine when and how they will respond to the violence in their relationships.Where and on whom will the research have an impact?These findings will be of interest to: (1) researchers developing and evaluating complex nursing interventions to address intimate partner violence in home visitation programmes and (2) stakeholders leading the implementation of novel innovations in the Nurse‐Family Partnership programme.
SciFed Journal of Addiction and Therapy, Jul 12, 2018
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
This longitudinal study explored changes in women's health after separation from an abusive p... more This longitudinal study explored changes in women's health after separation from an abusive partner by characterizing the trajectories of their mental health (depression and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and physical health (chronic pain) over a 4-year period. We examined how the severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) affected these trajectories, controlling for selected baseline factors using 5 waves of data collected from a community sample of 309 English-speaking, Canadian women. IPV severity was measured using the Index of Spouse Abuse where women were asked to consider the entire period of their partner relationship up to present at wave 1 and to rate their IPV experiences in the previous 12 months at waves 2-5. Mental health was measured using established self-report measures of depression (CESD) and PTSD (Davidson Trauma Scale), while chronic pain was measured using the Chronic Pain Grade Scale. Trajectories were estimated using MLM techniques with severity ...
Violence & Victims, Feb 1, 2019
Research that examines intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Arab world has been hampered by a l... more Research that examines intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Arab world has been hampered by a lack of comprehensive valid and culturally appropriate measures. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS) in a sample of 299 Saudi women recruited from primary healthcare centers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) did not support the original four-factor structure of CAS. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the item pool reliably distinguished four different types of abuse (physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, and control). Two items were dropped from the scale leaving a 27-item scale. The final four-factor model with 27 items was supported through further CFA, including analyses supporting the fit of the four-factor model on a higher level, second-order concept (IPV). Total and subscales CAS scores demonstrate excellent to good reliability and evidence of concurrent validity based on correlations with established measures of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression [CESD]) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version [PCL-C]).
McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks, Mar 15, 2018
Journal of Advanced Nursing, Oct 4, 2022
PubMed, Mar 1, 2001
In the early 1990s, war erupted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, forcing large numbers of people to fle... more In the early 1990s, war erupted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, forcing large numbers of people to flee their homes and country, abandoning their culture and all that was familiar to them. For the children, often described as war's "innocent victims," the conflict and subsequent uprooting represented a dramatic end to their peaceful lives. Although many were fortunate enough to escape with their families and resettle amid more peaceful circumstances, there is considerable evidence that refugee youth are forever changed by their exposure to war and that the pain of war does not end when the fighting is over. This paper presents the results of a study with 7 Bosnian children, aged 11-14, who came to Canada as refugees during the 1990s. The everyday challenges and struggles faced by this group were explored using an innovative research method called photo novella. A secondary purpose of the research was to evaluate the merits and limitations of photo novella as a method for capturing children's perspectives and feelings. Participants were given disposable cameras and asked to take pictures of important people, places, and events. The meaning of the photographs was then explored through a dialogic process the researchers call phototalk. The findings revealed that while these children had many strengths, they continued to struggle to understand the events that so profoundly changed their lives. The results and the implications for nurses are discussed.
Journal of Family Violence, Mar 11, 2021
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and symptoms have been identified as possible healt... more Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and symptoms have been identified as possible health consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, whether specific types of abuse (i.e., psychological, physical and sexual) affect the health of women in different ways, and the mechanisms that explain how these forms of abuse affect their health and quality of life (QOL) are not well understood. The aims of this systematic review were to examine the association between the different types of IPV and the risk of FGIDs and symptoms among adult women, identify the factors that mediate and/or moderate these health effects, and assess the impact of FGIDs and symptoms on women's QOL. Seven electronic databases were searched using the following criteria: English language studies of adult women (15 years or older) who had experienced IPV and reported FGIDs and symptoms; both quantitative descriptive and qualitative studies were included, and the timeline search was based on the first record from each included database until December 31, 2019. A quality assessment of each included study was completed using either published guidelines from Hoya et al. (2012) for quantitative studies or the Critical Skills Appraisal Program (CASP; 2010) tool for qualitative studies. A total of 15 studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. Results provide evidence of an association between various types of IPV and FGIDs and symptoms but none of the included studies examined factors that might mediate and/or moderate this association. Further, limited attention was given to examining the association of FGIDs and QOL in the context of IPV. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of adapting nursing practice, education, and research to improve care for women who have experienced IPV and are suffering from FGIDs.
Routledge eBooks, Feb 15, 2021
Research Square (Research Square), Jan 7, 2020
Background: Responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) and its consequences is made complex by... more Background: Responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) and its consequences is made complex by women's diverse needs, priorities and contexts. Tailored online IPV interventions that account for differences among women have potential to reduce barriers to support and improve key outcomes. Methods: Double blind randomized controlled trial of 462 Canadian adult women who experienced recent IPV randomly were assigned to receive either a tailored, interactive online safety and health intervention (iCAN Plan 4 Safety) or a static, non-tailored version of this tool. Primary (depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms) and secondary (helpfulness of safety actions, con dence in safety planning, mastery, social support, experiences of coercive control, and decisional con ict) outcomes were measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months later via online surveys. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to test for differences in outcomes by study arm. Differential effects of the tailored intervention for 4 strata of women were examined using effect sizes. Exit survey process evaluation data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and conventional content analysis. Results: Women in both tailored and non-tailored groups improved over time on primary outcomes of depression (p<.001) and PTSD (p<.001) and on all secondary outcomes. Changes over time did not differ by study arm. Women in both groups reported high levels of bene t, safety and accessibility of the online interventions, with low risk of harm, although those completing the tailored intervention were more positive about t and helpfulness. Importantly, the tailored intervention had greater positive effects for 4 groups of women, those: with children under 18 living at home; reporting more severe violence; living in medium-sized and large urban centers; and not living with a partner. Conclusion: This trial extends evidence about the effectiveness of online safety and health interventions for women experiencing IPV to Canadian women and provides a contextualized understanding about intervention processes and effects useful for future re nement and scale up. The differential effects of the tailored intervention found for speci c subgroups support the importance of attending to diverse contexts and needs. iCAN is a promising intervention that can complement resources available to Canadian women experiencing IPV.
Women's Health, Sep 28, 2022
"Connections" is a must-read for any health professional interested in learning about h... more "Connections" is a must-read for any health professional interested in learning about how alcohol-dependent and intimate partner abused women reach out for help to the health community. Based on her many years of experience and exhaustive primary research, Dr. Mulvihill shares lessons learned and practical suggestions for providers to help this often overlooked and underserved patient community. Leveraging her expertise in treatment and health education, Dr Mulvihill examines relevant related diagnoses and behavioral patterns to highlight warning signs or possible symptoms of distress. Given the enormous personal and social cost of these conditions, Women who have experienced intimate partner violence places women at greater risk for physical and mental health problems including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependency. The impact of all three together may compound these costs. Given the enormous personal and social cost of these conditions, "Connections" can be a valuable resource to improve our ability to reach these troubled patients.
Women who have experienced violence are at a greater risk for physical and mental health problems... more Women who have experienced violence are at a greater risk for physical and mental health problems. Researchers report that women with these experiences are more difficult to treat and many do not seek treatment and those that do are more difficult to treat and have difficulty maintaining helping relationships. However these women's perspectives have not been previously studied. This study describes the experience of seeking help for alcohol dependence by women with PTSD and a history of intimate partner violence in the context in which it occurs.
Mental Health and Addiction Research, 2017
Over the last twenty years, extensive research in the areas of intimate partner violence (IPV), p... more Over the last twenty years, extensive research in the areas of intimate partner violence (IPV), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol dependency has been conducted and recent research is exploring the relationship between PTSD and substance abuse. However, little research has examined the interrelationships among IPV and PTSD and alcohol dependence. In this chapter, I present an integrated review of literature, which lays the foundation for this book. Specifically, I summarize and critique the state of knowledge related to IPV, PTSD and alcohol dependence and the relationships between these phenomena by: a) defining each of these three constructs and reviewing theoretical and empirical literature that addresses the significance, prevalence, and current understanding of each, and, b) critically reviewing research in which the relationships between two or more of these constructs have been examined. This chapter concludes with a summary of current knowledge and identification of gaps that should be addressed in future research.
Uploads
Papers by Marilyn Ford-gilboe